Difference between revisions of "Cerulean blue"

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== Authority ==
 
== Authority ==
 +
 +
* Michel Bouchard, Alessa Gambardella, 'Raman microscopy study of synthetic cobalt blue spinels used in the field of art', J. Raman Spectroscopy (2010) at www.interscience.wiley.com/journal/jrs.
  
 
* Nicholas Eastaugh, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, Ruth Siddall, ''Pigment Compendium'', Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2004
 
* Nicholas Eastaugh, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, Ruth Siddall, ''Pigment Compendium'', Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2004
  
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966  Comment: first sold in 1860
+
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966. Comment: first sold in 1860
  
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 810
+
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971. Comment: p. 810
  
* ''The Dictionary of Art'', Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996  Comment: "Pigment"
+
* ''The Dictionary of Art'', Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996. Comment: "Pigment"
  
* M. Doerner, ''The Materials of the Artist'', Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
+
* M. Doerner, ''The Materials of the Artist'', Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934.
  
* Reed Kay, ''The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials'', Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
+
* Reed Kay, ''The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials'', Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983.
  
* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing) Comment: introduced as artist pigment in 1870
+
* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing. Comment: introduced as artist pigment in 1870
  
* Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
+
* Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979.
  
* Thomas B. Brill, ''Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities'', Plenum Press, New York City, 1980
+
* Thomas B. Brill, ''Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities'', Plenum Press, New York City, 1980.
  
* David Bomford, Jo Kirby, John Leighton, Ashok Roy, ''Art in the Making:Impressionism'', National Gallery, London, 1990  Comment: introduced as water color pigment by Rowney in 1860
+
* David Bomford, Jo Kirby, John Leighton, Ashok Roy, ''Art in the Making:Impressionism'', National Gallery, London, 1990. Comment: introduced as water color pigment by Rowney in 1860
  
 
* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com  Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerulean (Accessed Sept 2 2005)
 
* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com  Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerulean (Accessed Sept 2 2005)

Revision as of 11:03, 14 March 2016

Cerulean blue

Description

A synthetic sky blue pigment originally composed of cobalt magnesium stannate. Cerulean blue was perfected by a process developed by Andreas Höpfner in Germany in 1805 that roasted cobalt and tin oxides. However, the color was not sold as an artist pigment until 1860 by Rowney and Company under the name of coeruleum (Gettens and Stout 1966). Cerulean blue is an inert, lightfast pigment that acts as a drier for oil paints. Some commercial color formulations sold as the cerulean blue hue include:

- oxides of cobalt and aluminum

- cobalt chromate

- oxides of cobalt, aluminum, and chromium

- titanium dioxide and phthalocyanine

- zinc oxide and phthalocyanine

Cerulean blue

Synonyms and Related Terms

cobalt magnesium stannate; Pigment Blue 35; CI 77346; CI 77368; azul cerúleo (Esp.); Coelinblau (Deut.); bleu ciel (Fr.); bleu ceruleum (Fr.); blu ceruleo (It.); ceruleum blauw (Ned.); azul cerúleo (Port.); cobaltous stannate; cobalt tin oxide; coelin; ceruleum blue; caeruleum; coeruleum; magnesium cerulean blue

Raman

CerulbluUCL.jpg

FTIR

Cerulean blue (bottle 434).PNG

XRD

PIG434.jpg

SEM

F434sem.jpg

EDS

F434edsbw.jpg


Other Properties

Very fine, rounded, isotropic, greenish-blue particles. High refractive index.

No birefringence. No pleochroism. Appears deep red through Chelsea filter.

Inert to acids and bases.

Composition CoO-nSnO2
Refractive Index 1.78 - 1.84

Hazards and Safety

Skin contact may cause allergies. Chronic inhalation may cause asthma and possible fibrosis. Ingestion may cause acute vomiting and diarrhea.

Additional Information

Pigments Through the Ages: Cerulean blue

Comparisons

Characteristics of Common Blue Pigments


Additional Images


Authority

  • Michel Bouchard, Alessa Gambardella, 'Raman microscopy study of synthetic cobalt blue spinels used in the field of art', J. Raman Spectroscopy (2010) at www.interscience.wiley.com/journal/jrs.
  • Nicholas Eastaugh, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, Ruth Siddall, Pigment Compendium, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2004
  • R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966. Comment: first sold in 1860
  • G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971. Comment: p. 810
  • The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996. Comment: "Pigment"
  • M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934.
  • Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983.
  • Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing. Comment: introduced as artist pigment in 1870
  • Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979.
  • Thomas B. Brill, Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities, Plenum Press, New York City, 1980.
  • David Bomford, Jo Kirby, John Leighton, Ashok Roy, Art in the Making:Impressionism, National Gallery, London, 1990. Comment: introduced as water color pigment by Rowney in 1860

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