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...lly occurring dark brown earth named for a city in central Germany. Cassel earth, also known as [[Vandyke brown]], contains organic humus or coal material m ...e brown; Castle earth; Castile earth; Cullens earth; Colens earth; Collens earth

...etc. The name 'mineral' was often used to describe compounds dug from the earth, such as [[mineral wax]] and [[mineral spirits]]. This is, in general, an Natural-occurring, solid mixture of minerals are called rocks. A rock is character

A natural earth brown pigment ranging in color from a dark yellow to a deep reddish brown. * R.D. Harley, ''Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835'', Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982

...e dyes]], are also prepared in this manner for use as paint pigments. Lake pigments are used in painting, printing inks, plastic colorants, and coated fabrics. lakes; lake pigments; laca (Esp., Port.)

...r oil glazes. Some substitutes, such as Vandyke brown and bituminous earth pigments, were also sold under the name of mummy. Egyptian brown; Natural Brown 11; mummy brown; Mumienbraun (Deut.); momie (Fr.);

...0black|carbon black]] and [[iron%20oxide%20red|iron oxide]] mixtures. When natural Vandyke brown is ignited, the pigment leaves a soft gray residue. It is not ...(Esp.); Cassel earth; Cassel's earth; cologne earth; Cassel brown; Kassel earth; ulmin brown; bruno Vandyck; Ruben's brown; coal brown; sap brown dye

.... Sanguine most often refers to the red hue produced by natural red earth pigments. The color of sanguine can range from a dark reddish brown to blood red.

...nts ([[light%20red|light red]]). All iron oxide reds are stable, permanent pigments with good tinting strength. Iron oxides generally provide the color in oche * Pigments Through the Ages - http://webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/overview/redochre.html

...ndation for [[gold%20leaf|gold leaf]]. Armenian bole is also used as a red earth pigment. * R.D. Harley, ''Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835'', Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982

A natural yellow earth mineral primarily composed of [[goethite|goethite]] (iron hydroxide) and [[ goethite; limonite; jarosite; yellow ochre; ocre jaune (Fr.); yellow earth; earth yellow; Mars yellow; gold ochre; raw sienna; French ochre; raw umber

...iron oxides which produces a dark brown pigment with a reddish tone. Both pigments have good hiding power but burnt umber is more transparent than raw umber. * R.D. Harley, ''Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835'', Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982

A pale yellowish brown natural earth pigment that contains [[manganese%20dioxide|manganese dioxide]] and [[ferri * R.D. Harley, ''Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835'', Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982

...epared pigments ([[light red]]). All iron oxide reds are stable, permanent pigments with good tinting strength and are the primary colorant in ochers and sienn ...large (Forbes MFA 70) 50X resize.tif~Raman (MFA)|MFA- Red oxide, Spanish, natural.jpg~FTIR|PIG72.jpg~XRD|fkhaemsem.jpg~SEM|fkhaemedsbw.jpg~EDS]]]

...nt]], [[agate]], and [[sand]]. The fossil form of silica is [[diatomaceous earth]]. All forms of silica are inert, unaffected by heat, insoluble in strong a ...span="2" | quartz, sand, quartzite, sandstone, flint agate, diatomaceous earth

...e a dull green shade. The fugitive colorant was also used to make [[yellow pigments]] and to tint varnishes. Turmeric is currently used as a flavoring agent in ...(Deut.); terra merita (It.); cúrcuma (Esp.); curcuma (Ned., Port.); merita earth; camotilla; haide; halad; Indian saffron; safran d'Inde; souchet; ukon (Jap

...alk, also known as precipitated chalk, is whiter and more homogeneous than natural chalk. Pearl white is made from calcined oyster shells. ...limestone, whiting; lime white; marl; travertine; Pigment White 18; white earth; English white; Paris white; drop chalk

...silica|silicon dioxide]]. Quartz is one of the most common minerals in the earth's crust and occurs as grains ([[sand]]), masses ([[agate]], [[bloodstone]], [[media:download_file_446.pdf|Natural and Simulated Diamonds]]

* '''"Characterization of Yellow and Red Natural Organic Colorants on Japanese Woodblock Prints by EEM Fluorescence Spectros ...acteristic excitation/emission patterns that were used to identify several natural colorants, including safflower, madder, sappanwood, gamboge, flavonoids, be