Baleen

MFA Acc. #: 43.656a

Description

Baleen is a proteinaceous, horn-like material obtained from non-toothed whales of the suborder Mysticeti. Examples are the humpback, finback, minke, sei, blue ,and right whales. These whale have up to 700 parallel sheets of baleen that hang from the upper jaw and filter plankton or krill. The plates are about 0.5 centimeter apart, 1 centimeter thick and can reach lengths of 3-5 meters. They have a triangular shape with a finner, or fringe, on the inner angled side. Baleen is an elastic sheet that grows in a three-part structure consisting of a central section of hollow tubes sandwiched between two thin, shiny surfaces. The bone-like tubes are composed of hydroxyapatite. The semitransparent covering sheets are composed of keratin. Microscopically baleen is similar to horn; it is anisotropic and exhibits a full range of polarization colors. Baleen sheets have been used for a wide variety of applications ranging from baskets, fans, and small decorative articles to petticoat hoops, sled runners, and roof covers. The fibers from the finner have been used for brushes. Some species and colors are listed below:

-Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus): black plate with coarse black fringe

-Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus): gray and yellow (or white) striped plates with corresponding fringe colors

-Sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis): blue-black plate with white, curly fringe

-Humpback whale (Megaptera nodosa): gray to black plate and fringe

MFA Acc. #: 32.146

Synonyms and Related Terms

whalebone; finner fibers

Other Properties

Finner fibers have an oval cross section and usually have a hollow medulla

Additional Information

J.Lauffenburger "Baleen in Museum Collections: Its Sources, Uses and Identification" JAIC, 32:213-310, 1993.

Additional Images

• Image3 802509.jpg

  Baleen plate

Sources Checked for Data in Record

• G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 868

• Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976

• The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998

• Caring for your Collections, Arthur W Schulz (ed.), Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , New York, 1992

• F. Kidd, Brushmaking Materials, Bristish Brush Manufacturers, London, 1957