|
|
Line 1: |
Line 1: |
− | [[File:pb31219barite.jpg|thumb|barite]]
| + | /* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */ |
− | == Description ==
| + | body.page-Category_Materials_database #mw-subcategories {display: none} |
| + | body.page-Category_Materials_database #mw-pages {display: none} |
| + | #footer-poweredbyico { display: none; } |
| + | .page-About_CAMEO #contentSub { display: none } |
| | | |
− | A white pigment obtained naturally from the mineral [[barite]]. Barium sulfate was developed as an artist pigment in the late 18th century as a nonpoisonous alternative to [[lead white]]. Barium sulfate is an inert, transparent pigment that is often used as a filler or as a base for lake pigments. In recent years, it has also been used as a filler and extender in [[paper]], [[wallpaper]], [[linoleum]], [[oilcloth]], [[rubber%2C%20natural|rubber]], [[plastic|plastics]], [[flannel]], and [[shoddy]] cloth. Barium sulfate can also be made artificially by a process discovered in late nineteenth century. Artificially prepared barium sulfate is called [[blanc fixe]]. In order to increase its opacity, barium sulfate is mixed with [[zinc sulfide]], to form [[lithopone]]. Permalba is an opaque version of barium sulfate which is sold as a permanent artist pigment.
| + | pnavigation { |
− | | + | font-size: 20px; |
− | [[File:525 barium sulfate.jpg|thumb|Barium sulfate]]
| + | font-weight: bold; |
− | | + | margin: 0 0 20px 20px; |
− | == Synonyms and Related Terms ==
| + | } |
− | | |
− | baryte; Pigment White 22 (natural); Pigment White 21 (synthetic); CI 77120 (both); barium sulphate (Br.); blanc fixe (Fr.); basofor; Baryt (Deut.); Schwerspat (Deut.); Barytweiss (Deut.); solfato di bario (It.); bianco fisso (It.); blanco fijo (Esp.); sulfate de baryum (Fr.); baritis (Gr.); bariet (Ned.); sulfato de bário (Port.); artificial barite; baratine; baryta white; barium white; permanent white; Permalba; heavy spar; Bologna white; Bolognian spar; Tyrol white; cauk
| |
− | | |
− | [[[SliderGallery rightalign|BarytesUCL.jpg~Raman|Bariteitaly1.jpg~Raman|MFA- Barium sulfate.jpg~FTIR|PIG495.jpg~XRD|Slide19 F525.PNG~XRF]]]
| |
− | | |
− | == Other Properties ==
| |
− | | |
− | Chemically resistant to acids, alkalis and corrosive gases.
| |
− | | |
− | Particle size = 0.11-0.54 microns. Low birefringence.
| |
− | | |
− | Isotropic but under cross polars the particles may appear to twinkle.
| |
− | | |
− | {| class="wikitable"
| |
− | |-
| |
− | ! scope="row"| Composition
| |
− | | BaSO4
| |
− | |-
| |
− | ! scope="row"| CAS
| |
− | | 7727-43-7
| |
− | |-
| |
− | ! scope="row"| Melting Point
| |
− | | 1580
| |
− | |-
| |
− | ! scope="row"| Density
| |
− | | 4.25-4.5
| |
− | |-
| |
− | ! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
| |
− | | mol. wt. = 233.43
| |
− | |-
| |
− | ! scope="row"| Refractive Index
| |
− | | 1.636; 1.637; 1.648
| |
− | |}
| |
− | | |
− | == Hazards and Safety ==
| |
− | | |
− | Nonpoisonous. Used in medical radiography because of its density and its water insolubility. Noncombustible.
| |
− | | |
− | [http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0827.html International Chemical Safety Card]
| |
− | | |
− | == Additional Information ==
| |
− | | |
− | ° R. Feller, "Barium Sulfate", ''Artists Pigments'', Volume 1, R. Feller (ed.), Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1986.
| |
− | | |
− | == Comparisons ==
| |
− | | |
− | [[media:download_file_511.pdf|Characteristics of Common White Pigments]]
| |
− | | |
− | | |
− | | |
− | == Additional Images ==
| |
− | | |
− | <gallery>
| |
− | File:bariumsulfate C100x.jpg|barium sulfate
| |
− | </gallery>
| |
− | | |
− | | |
− | == Sources Checked for Data in Record ==
| |
− | | |
− | * R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966 Comment: density = 4.36 and ref. index = 1.62 - 1.64
| |
− | | |
− | * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 83
| |
− | | |
− | * Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
| |
− | | |
− | * R. Newman, E. Farrell, 'House Paint Pigments', ''Paint in America '', R. Moss ed., Preservation Press, New York City, 1994
| |
− | | |
− | * Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
| |
− | | |
− | * Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
| |
− | | |
− | * Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
| |
− | | |
− | * Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, ''Technology and Conservation'', Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
| |
− | | |
− | * ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
| |
− | | |
− | * Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
| |
− | | |
− | * ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: Entry # 1023
| |
− | | |
− | * ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
| |
− | | |
− | * Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
| |
− | | |
− | | |
− | | |
− | [[Category:Materials database]]
| |