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| − | [[File:pb31219barite.jpg|thumb|barite]]
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| − | == Description ==
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| − | A white pigment obtained naturally from the mineral [[barite]]. Barium sulfate was developed as an artist pigment in the late 18th century as a nonpoisonous alternative to [[lead white]]. Barium sulfate is an inert, transparent pigment that is often used as a filler or as a base for lake pigments. In recent years, it has also been used as a filler and extender in [[paper]], [[wallpaper]], [[linoleum]], [[oilcloth]], [[rubber|rubber]], [[plastic|plastics]], [[flannel]], and [[shoddy]] cloth. Barium sulfate can also be made artificially by a process discovered in late nineteenth century. Artificially prepared barium sulfate is called [[blanc fixe]]. In order to increase its opacity, barium sulfate is mixed with [[zinc sulfide]], to form [[lithopone]]. Permalba is an opaque version of barium sulfate which is sold as a permanent artist pigment.
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| − | [[File:525 barium sulfate.jpg|thumb|Barium sulfate]]
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| − | == Synonyms and Related Terms ==
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| − | baryte; Pigment White 22 (natural); Pigment White 21 (synthetic); CI 77120 (both); barium sulphate (Br.); blanc fixe (Fr.); basofor; Baryt (Deut.); Schwerspat (Deut.); Barytweiss (Deut.); solfato di bario (It.); bianco fisso (It.); blanco fijo (Esp.); sulfate de baryum (Fr.); baritis (Gr.); bariet (Ned.); sulfato de bário (Port.); artificial barite; baratine; baryta white; barium white; permanent white; Permalba; heavy spar; Bologna white; Bolognian spar; Tyrol white; cauk
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| − | [[[SliderGallery rightalign|Barium sulfate (525).TIF~FTIR (MFA)|Barium sulfate (Forbes MFA 525) collodion slide, 785 nm copy.tif~Raman (MFA)|PIG495.jpg~XRD|Slide19 F525.PNG~XRF]]]
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| − | == Risks ==
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| − | Nonpoisonous. Used in medical radiography because of its density and its water insolubility. Noncombustible.
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| − | ThermoFisher: [https://beta-static.fishersci.com/content/dam/fishersci/en_US/documents/programs/education/regulatory-documents/sds/chemicals/chemicals-b/S25191.pdf SDS]
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| − | == Other Properties ==
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| − | Chemically resistant to acids, alkalis and corrosive gases.
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| − | Particle size = 0.11-0.54 microns. Low birefringence.
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| − | Isotropic but under cross polars the particles may appear to twinkle.
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| − | {| class="wikitable"
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| − | |-
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| − | ! scope="row"| Composition
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| − | | BaSO4
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| − | |-
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| − | ! scope="row"| CAS
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| − | | 7727-43-7
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| − | ! scope="row"| Melting Point
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| − | | 1580
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| − | |-
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| − | ! scope="row"| Density
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| − | | 4.25-4.5
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| − | |-
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| − | ! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
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| − | | mol. wt. = 233.43
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| − | ! scope="row"| Refractive Index
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| − | | 1.636; 1.637; 1.648
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| − | |}
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| − | == Comparisons ==
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| − | [[media:download_file_511.pdf|Characteristics of Common White Pigments]]
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| − | == Additional Images ==
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| − | <gallery>
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| − | File:bariumsulfate C100x.jpg|barium sulfate
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| − | </gallery>
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| − | == Sources Checked for Data in Record ==
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| − | * R. Feller, "Barium Sulfate", ''Artists Pigments'', Volume 1, R. Feller (ed.), Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1986.
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| − | * R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966 Comment: density = 4.36 and ref. index = 1.62 - 1.64
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| − | * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 83
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| − | | |
| − | * Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
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| − | | |
| − | * R. Newman, E. Farrell, 'House Paint Pigments', ''Paint in America '', R. Moss ed., Preservation Press, New York City, 1994
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| − | * Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
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| − | * Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
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| − | * Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
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| − | * Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, ''Technology and Conservation'', Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
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| − | | |
| − | * ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
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| − | | |
| − | * Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
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| − | * ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: Entry # 1023
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| − | * ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
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| − | * Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
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| − | [[Category:Materials database]]
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