View source for CNSM 2710, Sleeve with embroidered figure and flowers, China (Northern Dynasties 386-581 CE)

== Artifact Information ==

This object is a sleeve of robe with a figure and flowers. The patterns were embroidered with silk threads in red, brown, green and beige on damask. The figure wearing a red short jacket and a binary colored skirt stands among the flowers. A lining fragment was tie-dyed with hollow squares in rows [1]. 


China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #2710.

[[File:CNSM 2710.jpg|center|frame|Image of the samite fragment.  © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]

== Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==

The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [2]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.

An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.


== Summary of results ==

The main component of red dye is purpurin that was detected by HPLC method monitored at 450 nm. Two small peaks eluting between 16 and 17 min can be identified as pseudopurpurin and munjistin, respectively. It is suggested that the red yarns were most likely dyed with[http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Madder_(Indian_madder,_Rubia_cordifolia)_LC Rubia cordifolia] , which was widely grown in China, India and Japan.

== HPLC profile ==

[[File:CNSM 2710 HPLC.PNG|center|frame| Absorbance at 450nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]

[[File:CNSM 2710 compounds.PNG|center|frame|  Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]

== References ==

[1] Zhao F, Qi D. New designs with western influence on the textiles of Silk Road from 4th century to 8th century. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House: Shanghai, 2011, p 119-21.

[2] Mouri C, Laursen R. Identification and partial characterization of C-glycosylfalvone markers in Asian plant dyes using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 2011; 1218: 7325-30.

[[Category:Dye Analysis]]
[[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]
[[Category:Textiles]]