Difference between revisions of "Cadmium"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | A soft, blue-white metallic element. Cadmium has an abundance of about 0.1 ppm in the earth's crust. It primarily occurs as [ | + | A soft, blue-white metallic element. Cadmium has an abundance of about 0.1 ppm in the earth's crust. It primarily occurs as [[cadmium sulfide]] (greenockite) or cadmium carbonate (otavite) in ores rich in [[zinc]], [[copper]], or [[lead]]. The silvery metal was first isolated by Fredrich Stromeyer, a German chemist in 1817. Metallic cadmium is ductile and can be cut with a knife or rolled into a thin sheet. It slowly oxidizes in moist air to form cadmium oxide. Cadmium is used in soft solder alloys, in incandescent light filaments, and in nickel-cadmium batteries. It is also electroplated on iron and steel as a corrosion resistant coating. Cadmium salts have been used as [[cadmium red|red], orange, and [[cadmium yellow|yellow]] pigments in ceramic glazes and paints. Additionally cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide are used as infrared transparent plates for infrared analysis. |
| + | Cadmium is on the ILFI [[Red list of Materials|Red list]] of building materials. | ||
[[File:cadmium 4up.jpg|thumb|Cadmium pigments]] | [[File:cadmium 4up.jpg|thumb|Cadmium pigments]] | ||
| + | |||
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
Cd; cadmia (Lat.); cadmio (It., Esp.); Cádmio (Port.); Kadmio (Sven.); Kadmium (Deut.) | Cd; cadmia (Lat.); cadmio (It., Esp.); Cádmio (Port.); Kadmio (Sven.); Kadmium (Deut.) | ||
| − | == | + | == Risks == |
| + | |||
| + | * Combustible. | ||
| + | * Metal and salts are highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation. | ||
| + | * Carcinogen associated with lung cancer. | ||
| + | * Acute and long-term exposures can lead to lung and kidney damage, bone loss, and hypertension | ||
| + | * Teck.com: [https://www.teck.com/media/Cadmium-Metal-2018-SDS-.pdf SDS] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Physical and Chemical Properties== | ||
Reacts with acids. Insoluble in water and alkalis. | Reacts with acids. Insoluble in water and alkalis. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Melting Point | ! scope="row"| Melting Point | ||
| − | | 320.9 | + | | 320.9 C |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Density | ! scope="row"| Density | ||
| − | | 8.462 | + | | 8.462 g/ml |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight | ! scope="row"| Molecular Weight | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Boiling Point | ! scope="row"| Boiling Point | ||
| − | | 765-767 | + | | 765-767 C |
|} | |} | ||
| − | == | + | ==Resources and Citations== |
| − | |||
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| − | + | * Web Elements: [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Cd/key.html Website] | |
* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | * ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | ||
Latest revision as of 14:45, 3 November 2023
Description
A soft, blue-white metallic element. Cadmium has an abundance of about 0.1 ppm in the earth's crust. It primarily occurs as Cadmium sulfide (greenockite) or cadmium carbonate (otavite) in ores rich in Zinc, Copper, or Lead. The silvery metal was first isolated by Fredrich Stromeyer, a German chemist in 1817. Metallic cadmium is ductile and can be cut with a knife or rolled into a thin sheet. It slowly oxidizes in moist air to form cadmium oxide. Cadmium is used in soft solder alloys, in incandescent light filaments, and in nickel-cadmium batteries. It is also electroplated on iron and steel as a corrosion resistant coating. Cadmium salts have been used as [[cadmium red|red], orange, and yellow pigments in ceramic glazes and paints. Additionally cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide are used as infrared transparent plates for infrared analysis.
Cadmium is on the ILFI Red list of building materials.
Synonyms and Related Terms
Cd; cadmia (Lat.); cadmio (It., Esp.); Cádmio (Port.); Kadmio (Sven.); Kadmium (Deut.)
Risks
- Combustible.
- Metal and salts are highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation.
- Carcinogen associated with lung cancer.
- Acute and long-term exposures can lead to lung and kidney damage, bone loss, and hypertension
- Teck.com: SDS
Physical and Chemical Properties
Reacts with acids. Insoluble in water and alkalis.
| Composition | Cd (atomic no. 48) |
|---|---|
| CAS | 7440-43-9 |
| Mohs Hardness | 2.0 |
| Melting Point | 320.9 C |
| Density | 8.462 g/ml |
| Molecular Weight | atomic wt = 112.41 |
| Refractive Index | 1.13 |
| Boiling Point | 765-767 C |
Resources and Citations
- Web Elements: Website
- Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
- Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
- Chemical & Engineering News, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 81 (36) , Sept. 8, 2003 Comment: Robert L. Wolke, p. 120
- Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
- The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry # 1583
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 135
- Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979