Difference between revisions of "Category:Madder: Ukiyo-e colorant"

Revision as of 13:29, 19 May 2020

Madder 茜(akane): A red dye extracted from the roots of any of several species of the genus Rubia. The most commonly used plants include: Rubia tinctorum L., native to the Middle East and eastern Mediterranean; Rubia cordifolia L., native to India and Southeast Asia; and Rubia akane Nagai, found in East Asia. The latter two appear to be the madder used in ukiyo-e prints.(true?)

Similar to safflower, madder can be a pink to a deep red. Madder and safflower are the most commonly found red until the introduction of aniline dyes. Red safflower and madder are found as a single colorant or as a mixture of the two. Although a visual difference between a single colorant red madder and red safflower/madder mixture is hard to discern currently, madder may have been mixed to extend the safflower, which was known to be expensive. In later prints, hematite (what was it?) is also found in areas printed with madder. Pink madder also appears to more opaque than the ethereal pink safflower. (Too much of a copy of safflower entry? Do we want to discuss the possiblity of madder being laked?)

Although not listed in colorants thought to have been used in Japanese woodblock printing (reference that book), madder has been detected extensively in our anlysis. Research is ongoing into the red colorants.

For more information see: Madder

Examples of Madder in Ukiyo-e Prints


Beauties of the Yoshiwara by Suzuki Harunobu


Beauties of the Yoshiwara by Suzuki Harunobu


Beauties of the Yoshiwara by Suzuki Harunobu


Beauties of the Yoshiwara by Suzuki Harunobu


Beauties of the Yoshiwara by Suzuki Harunobu

Analysis

Excitation Emission Matrix (EEM) spectroscopy can easily identify the organic reds: safflower, madder, and sappanwood. Madder fluoresces brightly under UVA radiation and produces a unique EEM pattern that helps differentiate it from safflower, which also fluoresces.

EEM plot for Madder
3D EEM plots for Red references
Overlay of EEM curves for Red references
Overlay of FORS spectra for Red references
Overlay of Emission curves for Madder
Overlay of Excitation curves for Madder
Visible light and UVA for Red references

Other Images of Madder

Madder plant Rubia tinctorum L.
Madder root
Madder, akane
Madder powder (Rubia tinctorum)
Madder lakes
Dye mixtures from madder on paper

List of Prints

List of prints where indigo was detected

Pages in category "Madder: Ukiyo-e colorant"

The following 80 pages are in this category, out of 80 total.

B

Bunchō, Actor Ichimura Uzaemon IX as Yoshiie, 34.333

E

H

K

M

Masanobu, Large Perspective View of the Interior of Echigo-ya in Suruga-chô, 11.13343

S

T

U

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 [[File:SC155045.jpg|right|250px|link=https://collections.mfa.org/objects/207552/kamakura-village-from-an-untitled-series-of-westernstyle-l?ctx=1be86594-d25a-458d-827f-8e5dc3048977&idx=0|Kamakura Village by Katsushika Hokusai]]
-<font size="3">'''[[Madder]]'''</font> 茜(''akane''): For ukiyo-e woodblock prints, ''Rubia tinctorum'' and/or ''Rubia akane'' was the primary red colorant used consistently for all of the time periods and printing methods.
+<font size="3">'''[[Madder]]'''</font> 茜(''akane''): A red dye extracted from the roots of any of several species of the genus ''Rubia''. The most commonly used plants include: ''Rubia tinctorum'' L., native to the Middle East and eastern Mediterranean; ''Rubia cordifolia'' L., native to India and Southeast Asia; and ''Rubia akane'' Nagai, found in East Asia. The latter two appear to be the madder used in ukiyo-e prints.(true?)
-A natural red dye extracted from the roots of any of several species of the genus ''Rubia''. The most commonly used plants include: ''Rubia tinctorum'' L., native to the Middle East and eastern Mediterranean, but cultivated across Europe and introduced into the Far East, America, and Africa; ''Rubia cordifolia'' L., native to India and southeast Asia, but very widespread; and ''Rubia akane'' Nagai, found in Japan and also China, Korea and Taiwan. Madder has been used as a colorant for dyeing textiles since ancient times in India, Persia, and Egypt.
+Similar to [[:Category:Safflower: Ukiyo-e colorant|safflower]], madder can be a pink to a deep red. Madder and safflower are the most commonly found red until the introduction of aniline dyes. Red safflower and madder are found as a single colorant or as a mixture of the two. Although a visual difference between a single colorant red madder and red safflower/madder mixture is hard to discern currently, madder may have been mixed to extend the safflower, which was known to be expensive. In later prints, hematite (what was it?) is also found in areas printed with madder. Pink madder also appears to more opaque than the ethereal pink safflower. (Too much of a copy of safflower entry? Do we want to discuss the possiblity of madder being laked?)
-In the Japanese prints, red regions containing madder were usually seen as brightly fluorescent during the preliminary examination of the prints with a hand-held UV light. Thus, it was no surprise that the EEM fluorescence technique provided a unique and definitive pattern for madder, but it was fortunate for our study, that the madder pattern was distinctively different than the EEM pattern for safflower
+Although not listed in colorants thought to have been used in Japanese woodblock printing (reference that book), madder has been detected extensively in our anlysis. Research is ongoing into the red colorants.
-Safflower can be a light pink, such as the delicate pink used to depict the subtle eye shadow or blush to a deeper red. Safflower was noted to be expensive and require multiple printing to achieve a darker color. Safflower and [[:Category:Madder: Ukiyo-e colorant|madder]] are the most commonly found red until the introduction of aniline dyes. Red safflower and madder  are found as a single colorant or as a mixture of the two. Although a visual difference between a single colorant red safflower and red safflower/madder mixture is hard to discern currently, madder may have been mixed to extend the safflower. Safflower is also most commonly used with [[:Category:Dayflower: Ukiyo-e colorant|dayflower]] to produce purple. This combination of safflower and dayflower is continuously detected even after the introduction of synthetic colorants such as Prussian blue and aniline dyes, which seems to indicate that the tone obtained by the two was preferred over other possible mixtures of reds and blues.
 '''For more information see:''' [[Madder]]
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 == Analysis ==
-Excitation Emission Matrix (EEM) spectroscopy can easily identify the organic reds: [[:Category:Safflower: Ukiyo-e colorant|safflower]], madder, and [[:Category:Sappanwood: Ukiyo-e colorant|sappanwood]]. Madder fluoresces brightly under UVA radiation and produces a unique EEM plot,
+Excitation Emission Matrix (EEM) spectroscopy can easily identify the organic reds: [[:Category:Safflower: Ukiyo-e colorant|safflower]], madder, and [[:Category:Sappanwood: Ukiyo-e colorant|sappanwood]]. Madder fluoresces brightly under UVA radiation and produces a unique EEM pattern that helps differentiate it from safflower, which also fluoresces.