Difference between revisions of "Chrysotile"

Latest revision as of 12:27, 5 January 2023

Chrysotile

Description

A fibrous Serpentine mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate. Chrysotile is the most widely used type of Asbestos fiber, accounting for about 95% of the world's usage most of which comes from Quebec. Chrysotile fibers are white and have a soft, silky texture. They have excellent flexibility and spinning properties. Chrysotile fibers are used to reinforce polymers and as heat resistant textiles. Because the inhalation of chrysotile fibers causes lung cancer, its use is regulated in the U.S. and banned in Australia and the European Union.

Raman (RASMIN)

Synonyms and Related Terms

asbestos; white asbestos; serpentine; hair of gold (Gr.); clinochrysotile (monoclinic form); orthochrysotile (orthorhombic form); parachrysotlie (orthorhombic form); chrysotiel (Ned.); crisótilo (Port.); Chrysotil (Deut.)

Risks

Noncombustible. Unaffected by heat.
Carcinogenic.
Highly toxic by inhalation of dust.
Skin contact causes irritation.
NIH: Information sheet

Physical and Chemical Properties

Fiber length = 12-300 mm (0.5 - 12 inches)
Diameter = 300-350 angstroms
Cross section is polygonal or circular
Tensile strength = 80,000-200,00 psi
Resistant to alkalis; Attacked by dilute acids
Monoclinic, crystals rare, usually fibrous
Cleavage = almost perfect
Fracture = fibrous
Luster = silky
Streak = white
Low birefringence; dispersion = weak

Composition	Mg3Si2O5(OH)4
Mohs Hardness	2.5-3.0
Density	2.2 - 2.5 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.569 - 1.570

Resources and Citations

Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 70
Identification of Textile Materials, The Textile Institute, Manchester, England, 1985
Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "chrysotile." Accessed 7 Sept. 2005 .
Wikipedia: Chrysotile (Accessed Sept. 7, 2005 and Dec 2022)
The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 == Description ==
-A fibrous mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate. Chrysotile is the most widely used type of [[asbestos]] fiber, accounting for about 95% of the world's usage most of which comes from Quebec. Chrysotile fibers are white and have a soft, silky texture. They have excellent flexibility and spinning properties. Chrysotile fibers are used to reinforce polymers and as heat resistant textiles. Because the inhalation of chrysotile fibers causes lung cancer, its use is regulated in the U.S. and banned in Australia and the European Union.
+A fibrous [[serpentine]] mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate. Chrysotile is the most widely used type of [[asbestos]] fiber, accounting for about 95% of the world's usage most of which comes from Quebec. Chrysotile fibers are white and have a soft, silky texture. They have excellent flexibility and spinning properties. Chrysotile fibers are used to reinforce polymers and as heat resistant textiles. Because the inhalation of chrysotile fibers causes lung cancer, its use is regulated in the U.S. and banned in Australia and the European Union.
+[[[SliderGallery rightalign|chrysotileRS.jpg~Raman (RASMIN)]]]
 == Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 asbestos; white asbestos; serpentine; hair of gold (Gr.); clinochrysotile (monoclinic form); orthochrysotile (orthorhombic form); parachrysotlie (orthorhombic form); chrysotiel (Ned.); crisótilo (Port.); Chrysotil (Deut.)
-[[[SliderGallery rightalign|chrysotileRS.jpg~Raman]]]
+== Risks ==
-== Other Properties ==
-Fiber length = 12-300 mm (0.5 - 12 inches)  Diameter = 300-350 angstroms.
+* Noncombustible.  Unaffected by heat.
+* Carcinogenic.
+* Highly toxic by inhalation of dust.
+* Skin contact causes irritation.
+* NIH: [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Chrysotile Information sheet]
-Cross section is polygonal or circular.   Tensile strength = 80,000-200,00 psi
+==Physical and Chemical Properties==
-Resistant to alkalis.   Attacked by dilute acids.
+* Fiber length = 12-300 mm (0.5 - 12 inches)
+* Diameter = 300-350 angstroms
+* Cross section is polygonal or circular
+* Tensile strength = 80,000-200,00 psi
+* Resistant to alkalis; Attacked by dilute acids
+* Monoclinic, crystals rare, usually fibrous
+* Cleavage = almost perfect
+* Fracture = fibrous
+* Luster = silky
+* Streak = white
+* Low birefringence; dispersion = weak
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 22: / Line 34: @@
 ! scope="row"| Composition
 | Mg3Si2O5(OH)4
-|-
-! scope="row"| CAS
-| 12001-29-5
 |-
 ! scope="row"| Mohs Hardness
@@ Line 30: / Line 39: @@
 |-
 ! scope="row"| Density
-| 2.2
+| 2.2 - 2.5 g/ml
 |-
-! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
+! scope="row"| Refractive Index
-| mol. wt. = 554
+| 1.569 - 1.570
 |}
-== Hazards and Safety ==
+==Resources and Citations==
+* Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
-Noncombustible.  Unaffected by heat.
-Carcinogenic.  Highly toxic by inhalation of dust.
-Skin contact causes irritation.
-[http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0014.html International Chemical Safety Card]
-== Authority ==
 * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 70
 * ''Identification of Textile Materials'', The Textile Institute, Manchester, England, 1985
+* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: "chrysotile." Accessed 7 Sept. 2005 .
-* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: "chrysotile." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2005. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. 7 Sept. 2005 .
+* Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysotile Chrysotile] (Accessed Sept. 7, 2005 and Dec 2022)
-* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com  Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysotile (Accessed Sept. 7, 2005)
 * ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998