Difference between revisions of "Kaolin"

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[[File:Image3_802417.jpg|thumb|'''MFA Acc. #:''' 17.967]]
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[[File:Thomas Davies Pottery 2011.1807.jpg|thumb|Face jug<br>MFA #: 2011.1807]]
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
  
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A type of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=primary%20clay primary clay] formed by the weathering of aluminum silicates, such as [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=feldspar feldspars] and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=nepheline nepheline]. When pure, kaolin is a soft, white, absorbent powder composed primarily of the mineral [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=kaolinite kaolinite], a hydrated aluminum silicate. Impurities, such as iron oxide, silica, and other minerals, can produce yellow, red, blue, gray, or brownish color clays. Kaolin occurs at many locations around the world (France, England, Germany, China, United States, etc.). Kaolin is used to produce fine quality [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=porcelain porcelain] and china. It is also used as a base for lake colors and as a filler in paints, pastels, papers, rubbers, cements, and epoxies. Kaolin (as brick dust) has been used as an [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=abrasive abrasive] for polishing [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=gold gold] and other metals. It is also a useful [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=absorbent absorbent] for oils and greases and has been used commercially for cleaning fabrics, furs, and carpets.
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A type of [[primary clay] formed by the weathering of aluminum silicates, such as [[feldspar|feldspars]] and [[nepheline]]. When pure, kaolin is a soft, white, absorbent powder composed primarily of the mineral [[kaolinite]], a hydrated aluminum silicate. Impurities, such as iron oxide, silica, and other minerals, can produce yellow, red, blue, gray, or brownish color clays. Kaolin occurs at many locations around the world (France, England, Germany, China, United States, etc.). Kaolin is used to produce fine quality [[porcelain]] and china. It is also used as a base for lake colors and as a filler in paints, pastels, papers, rubbers, cements, and epoxies. Kaolin (as brick dust) has been used as an [[abrasive]] for polishing [[gold]] and other metals. It is also a useful [[absorbent]] for oils and greases and has been used commercially for cleaning fabrics, furs, and carpets.
  
 
[[File:kaolinemr1.jpg|thumb|Kaolin]]
 
[[File:kaolinemr1.jpg|thumb|Kaolin]]
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== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
  
 
kaolinite; China clay; Devonshire clay; Pigment White 19; CI 77005; Kaolinit (Deut.); Satinkreide (Deut.); caolín (Esp.); kaoliini (Fin.); kaolin (Fr.); blanc de Chine (Fr.); kaolinis (Gr.); caolino (It.); terra bianca (It.); bolo bianco (It.); creta Eretria (old Roman); bolus alba (old Roman); kaolien (Ned.); caulino (Port.); satinkrita (Sven.); dkar po (Tibetan); bolus alba; porcelain clay; white bole; argilla; paper clay; brick dust; fuller's earth; white bolus; white heart; pipe clay; pipeclay;
 
kaolinite; China clay; Devonshire clay; Pigment White 19; CI 77005; Kaolinit (Deut.); Satinkreide (Deut.); caolín (Esp.); kaoliini (Fin.); kaolin (Fr.); blanc de Chine (Fr.); kaolinis (Gr.); caolino (It.); terra bianca (It.); bolo bianco (It.); creta Eretria (old Roman); bolus alba (old Roman); kaolien (Ned.); caulino (Port.); satinkrita (Sven.); dkar po (Tibetan); bolus alba; porcelain clay; white bole; argilla; paper clay; brick dust; fuller's earth; white bolus; white heart; pipe clay; pipeclay;
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==Risks==
  
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== Other Properties ==
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* Noncombustible 
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* ThermoFisher: [https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=AC211740010&productDescription=KAOLIN+1KG&vendorId=VN00032119&countryCode=US&language=en SDS]
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== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
  
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Insoluble in water, cold acids or alkalis
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* Insoluble in water, cold acids or alkalis
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* Microscopically particles are translucent and colorless with moderate relief.  Under crossed polars, particles have low birefringence.   
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Microscopically particles are translucent and colorless with moderate relief.  Under crossed polars, particles have low birefringence.   
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* Kaolin fluoresces a pale white.
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Kaolin fluoresces a pale white.
 
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
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|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Density
 
! scope="row"| Density
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| 2.6-2.63
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| 2.6-2.63 g/ml
 
|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Refractive Index
 
! scope="row"| Refractive Index
 
| 1.558; 1.565; 1.564
 
| 1.558; 1.565; 1.564
 
|}
 
|}
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== Hazards and Safety ==
 
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Noncombustible 
 
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Mallinckrodt Baker: [http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/k0870.htm MSDS]
 
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== Additional Information ==
 
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WebMinerals: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Kaolinite.shtml Kaolinite]
 
  
 
== Comparisons ==
 
== Comparisons ==
  
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[[media:download_file_207.pdf|Properties of Common Abrasives]]
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[[media:download_file_200.pdf|Properties of Common Abrasives]]
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[[media:download_file_532.pdf|Characteristics of Common White Pigments]]
 
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[[media:download_file_512.pdf|Characteristics of Common White Pigments]]
  
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== Authority ==
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== Resources and Citations ==
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* WebMinerals: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Kaolinite.shtml Kaolinite]
  
 
* Nicholas Eastaugh, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, Ruth Siddall, ''Pigment Compendium'', Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2004
 
* Nicholas Eastaugh, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, Ruth Siddall, ''Pigment Compendium'', Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2004
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* Robert Fournier, ''Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery'', Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
 
* Robert Fournier, ''Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery'', Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
  
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* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: "Kaolin." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2 Sept. 2004 .
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* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: "Kaolin." Accessed: 2 Sept. 2004.
  
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* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com  Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolin (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)
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* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolin (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)
  
 
* Reed Kay, ''The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials'', Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
 
* Reed Kay, ''The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials'', Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
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* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983  Comment: entry #5294
 
* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983  Comment: entry #5294
  
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* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
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* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
  
  
  
 
[[Category:Materials database]]
 
[[Category:Materials database]]

Latest revision as of 12:36, 15 September 2022

Face jug
MFA #: 2011.1807

Description

A type of [[primary clay] formed by the weathering of aluminum silicates, such as feldspars and Nepheline. When pure, kaolin is a soft, white, absorbent powder composed primarily of the mineral Kaolinite, a hydrated aluminum silicate. Impurities, such as iron oxide, silica, and other minerals, can produce yellow, red, blue, gray, or brownish color clays. Kaolin occurs at many locations around the world (France, England, Germany, China, United States, etc.). Kaolin is used to produce fine quality Porcelain and china. It is also used as a base for lake colors and as a filler in paints, pastels, papers, rubbers, cements, and epoxies. Kaolin (as brick dust) has been used as an Abrasive for polishing Gold and other metals. It is also a useful Absorbent for oils and greases and has been used commercially for cleaning fabrics, furs, and carpets.

Kaolin

Synonyms and Related Terms

kaolinite; China clay; Devonshire clay; Pigment White 19; CI 77005; Kaolinit (Deut.); Satinkreide (Deut.); caolín (Esp.); kaoliini (Fin.); kaolin (Fr.); blanc de Chine (Fr.); kaolinis (Gr.); caolino (It.); terra bianca (It.); bolo bianco (It.); creta Eretria (old Roman); bolus alba (old Roman); kaolien (Ned.); caulino (Port.); satinkrita (Sven.); dkar po (Tibetan); bolus alba; porcelain clay; white bole; argilla; paper clay; brick dust; fuller's earth; white bolus; white heart; pipe clay; pipeclay;

Risks

  • Noncombustible
  • ThermoFisher: SDS

Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Insoluble in water, cold acids or alkalis
  • Microscopically particles are translucent and colorless with moderate relief. Under crossed polars, particles have low birefringence.
  • Kaolin fluoresces a pale white.
Composition Al2Si2O5(OH4)
CAS 1332-58-7
Mohs Hardness 2.0 - 2.5
Density 2.6-2.63 g/ml
Refractive Index 1.558; 1.565; 1.564

Comparisons

Properties of Common Abrasives

Characteristics of Common White Pigments

Resources and Citations

  • Nicholas Eastaugh, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, Ruth Siddall, Pigment Compendium, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2004
  • R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
  • Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
  • Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
  • Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
  • Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
  • Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
  • Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
  • Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  • Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
  • Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
  • The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry #5294

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