Difference between revisions of "Sardonyx"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | A | + | A red color [[onyx]], which is an [[agate|agate]] with parallel bands of [[chalcedony]]. Sardonyx has layers of brownish [[sard]] alternating with lighter-color layers of red [[carnelian]]. Often used as a gemstone, it has been mined or gathered since before 2200 BCE. |
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
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onyx; quartz; agate; chalcedony | onyx; quartz; agate; chalcedony | ||
[[File:Sardonyx seal 017550.jpg|thumb|Sardonyx seal<br>MFA# 01.7550]] | [[File:Sardonyx seal 017550.jpg|thumb|Sardonyx seal<br>MFA# 01.7550]] | ||
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== Physical and Chemical Properties == | == Physical and Chemical Properties == | ||
| − | * Fracture = conchoidal | + | * Fracture = conchoidal, uneven |
| − | * Luster = vitreous to waxy | + | * Luster = vitreous to waxy |
| − | * Streak = white | + | * Streak = white |
| − | * Mohs Hardness = 7.0 | + | * Mohs Hardness = 6.5 - 7.0 |
* Density = 2.6 g/ml | * Density = 2.6 g/ml | ||
| + | * Fluorescence = generally inert | ||
| + | * Pleochroism = absent | ||
| + | * Refractive Index = 1.530 - 1.543 | ||
== Comparisons == | == Comparisons == | ||
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* Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Quartz.shtml Quartz] | * Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Quartz.shtml Quartz] | ||
| − | + | * Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016. | |
* Jack Odgen, ''Jewellery of the Ancient World'', Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982 | * Jack Odgen, ''Jewellery of the Ancient World'', Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982 | ||
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* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | * ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | ||
| − | + | * Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onyx#Varieties Onyx varieties] Accessed Dec 2022 | |
* A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, ''Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries'', Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962 | * A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, ''Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries'', Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962 | ||
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* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | * ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | ||
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* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979 | * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979 | ||
Latest revision as of 11:53, 3 January 2023
Description
A red color Onyx, which is an Agate with parallel bands of Chalcedony. Sardonyx has layers of brownish Sard alternating with lighter-color layers of red Carnelian. Often used as a gemstone, it has been mined or gathered since before 2200 BCE.
Synonyms and Related Terms
onyx; quartz; agate; chalcedony
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Fracture = conchoidal, uneven
- Luster = vitreous to waxy
- Streak = white
- Mohs Hardness = 6.5 - 7.0
- Density = 2.6 g/ml
- Fluorescence = generally inert
- Pleochroism = absent
- Refractive Index = 1.530 - 1.543
Comparisons
Properties of Common Gemstones
Resources and Citations
- Mineralogy Database: Quartz
- Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
- Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
- Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
- Wikipedia: Onyx varieties Accessed Dec 2022
- A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
- C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979