Difference between pages "Sodium azide test" and "Sodium carbonate"

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[[File:azide1.jpg|thumb|Iodide-Azide Test]]
 
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
  
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A microchemical test used to identify potentially hazardous [[sulfur|sulfur]] components in materials prior to their use near [[silver|silver]] objects. The sodium azide test detects the presence of reducible sulfur but not stable sulfur compounds such as sulfates. Reducible sulfur compounds can readily tarnish silver. For the test, 3 gm of sodium azide is dissolved in 100 ml of a 0.05 M [[iodine|iodine]] solution, then mixed with 3 ml [[denatured%20alcohol|methylated spirits]] and allowed to set for 30 minutes. A small portion of the test sample (2 mm fiber or 200 micron particles) is placed on a glass microscope slide under a coverslip. While observing the sample with a microscope (usually 40x), the reagent is introduced under the coverslip. Reducible sulfur produces visually apparent bubbles due to the formation of nitrogen during its reaction with the sodium azide/iodine solution. [[Wool|Wool]] fibers can be used as a reference for a positive test.
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White, odorless crystals. Sodium carbonate has three distinct hydrated forms. The monohydrate is commonly called sodium carbonate while anhydrous sodium carbonate is called [[soda%20ash|soda ash]], and sodium carbonate decahydrate is called [[sal%20soda|sal soda]], or natron. Anhydrous sodium carbonate occurs in nature as the mineral thermonatrite. It forms a strongly alkaline aqueous solution and is used in the manufacture of [[leather|leather]] and [[paper|paper]]. Sodium carbonate is used as an ingredient in some types of [[glass|glass]], [[detergent|detergents]], [[bleaching%20agent|bleaches]], and [[water%20softener|water softeners]]. It is also used in photographic [[developer|developing]] baths and textiles [[dye|dye]] baths.
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[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiNACO3.jpg~FTIR|sodium carbonate.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
  
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iodide azide test
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soda; sodium carbonate monohydrate; soda monohydrate; soda crystals; calcined soda ash
  
 
== Risks ==
 
== Risks ==
  
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* Sodium azide is highly toxic.
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* Noncombustible.
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* ThermoFisher: [https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=S227I1&productDescription=SODIUM+AZIDE+GRAN+PURIF+1+KG&vendorId=VN00033897&countryCode=US&language=en SDS]
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* Toxic by ingestion and inhalation.
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* Corrosive.
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* Skin contact will cause burns.
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* ThermoFisher: [https://beta-static.fishersci.com/content/dam/fishersci/en_US/documents/programs/education/regulatory-documents/sds/chemicals/chemicals-s/S25539D.pdf SDS]
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== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
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Soluble in water, glycerol. Insoluble in ethanol.
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{| class="wikitable"
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|-
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! scope="row"| Composition
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| NaCO3 - H2O
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|-
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! scope="row"| CAS
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| 497-19-8
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|-
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! scope="row"| Melting Point
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| 109 C
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|-
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! scope="row"| Density
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| 1.55 g/ml
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|-
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! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
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| mol. wt. = 105.99
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|-
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! scope="row"| Refractive Index
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| 1.415, 1.535, 1.546
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|}
  
 
==Resources and Citations==
 
==Resources and Citations==
  
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* V. Daniels, S Ward, "A Rapid Test for the Detection of Substance which will Tarnish Silver" ''Studies in Conservation'', 27(2), 1982, p.58-60.
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* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 734
  
 
* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
 
* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  
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* Pam Hatchfield, ''Pollutants in the Museum Environment'', Archetype Press, London, 2002
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* Hermann Kuhn, ''Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities'', Butterworths, London, 1986
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* Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
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* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
 +
 
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* John and Margaret Cannon, ''Dye Plants and Dyeing'', Herbert Press, London, 1994
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* ''The Dictionary of Paper'', American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
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* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
 +
 
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* Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
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* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983  Comment: entry 8739
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* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
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* Photographic chemicals: www.jetcity.com/~mrjones/chemdesc.htm
  
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* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8724
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* ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: ref. index = 1.415, 1.535, 1.546
  
  
  
 
[[Category:Materials database]]
 
[[Category:Materials database]]

Latest revision as of 14:59, 1 June 2022

Description

White, odorless crystals. Sodium carbonate has three distinct hydrated forms. The monohydrate is commonly called sodium carbonate while anhydrous sodium carbonate is called Soda ash, and sodium carbonate decahydrate is called Sal soda, or natron. Anhydrous sodium carbonate occurs in nature as the mineral thermonatrite. It forms a strongly alkaline aqueous solution and is used in the manufacture of Leather and Paper. Sodium carbonate is used as an ingredient in some types of Glass, detergents, bleaches, and water softeners. It is also used in photographic developing baths and textiles Dye baths.

FTIR

AaiNACO3.jpg

Chemical structure

Sodium carbonate.jpg

Synonyms and Related Terms

soda; sodium carbonate monohydrate; soda monohydrate; soda crystals; calcined soda ash

Risks

  • Noncombustible.
  • Toxic by ingestion and inhalation.
  • Corrosive.
  • Skin contact will cause burns.
  • ThermoFisher: SDS

Physical and Chemical Properties

Soluble in water, glycerol. Insoluble in ethanol.

Composition NaCO3 - H2O
CAS 497-19-8
Melting Point 109 C
Density 1.55 g/ml
Molecular Weight mol. wt. = 105.99
Refractive Index 1.415, 1.535, 1.546

Resources and Citations

  • G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 734
  • Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  • Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
  • Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
  • Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
  • John and Margaret Cannon, Dye Plants and Dyeing, Herbert Press, London, 1994
  • The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
  • Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
  • Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
  • The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8739
  • The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
  • Photographic chemicals: www.jetcity.com/~mrjones/chemdesc.htm
  • CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: ref. index = 1.415, 1.535, 1.546

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