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− | [[File:ps30228spodumene.jpg|thumb|Spodumene]]
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| == Description == | | == Description == |
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− | A transparent to translucent colored [[gemstone|gemstone]]. Spodumene is composed of lithium aluminum silicate. It can occur as a colorless, gray, green (hiddenite), yellow, pink (kunzite), lavender, or gray crystals. Spudomenes are only found in granite pegmatites. They are mined in Sweden, Ireland, the Malagasy Republic, Brazil, Mexico, Canada, and the U.S. (South Dakota, California, North Carolina). Spudomene is used industrially as a source of [[lithium|lithium]]. It is also used in the manufacture of [[ceramic|Ceramics]], [[enamel, inorganic|Enamel]], and [[glass|glass]]. It undergoes an irreversible expansion from its alpha to beta form at 900C.
| + | Colorless crystals. Titanium potassium oxalate is used as a mordant in dyeing [[cotton|cotton]] and [[leather|leather]]. It is also used as a sensitizer of aluminum for photography (Lewis 1993). |
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| == Synonyms and Related Terms == | | == Synonyms and Related Terms == |
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− | hiddenite (green); kunzite (pink to lavender); triphane; Kunzit, Spodumen (Deut.); espodúmeno (Esp.); spodumen (Pol.); espodumena (Port.); spodumen (Ned.); spudomene (sp.)
| + | T.P.O. |
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| + | ==Risks== |
| + | * Toxic |
| + | * Neoprene gloves and goggles are recommended |
| + | * Loba Chem: [https://www.lobachemie.com/lab-chemical-msds/MSDS-POTASSIUM-TITANIUM-OXALATE-CASNO-14402-67-05461-EN.aspx SDS] |
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| == Physical and Chemical Properties == | | == Physical and Chemical Properties == |
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− | * Monoclinic system with flat, prismatic, striated crystals. | + | * Soluble in water. |
− | * Cleavage is good in one direction (87 degrees)
| + | * Composition = K2TiC2O5 - 2H2O |
− | * Fracture = uneven and splintery.
| + | * Loba Chem: [https://www.lobachemie.com/lab-chemical-msds/MSDS-POTASSIUM-TITANIUM-OXALATE-CASNO-14402-67-05461-EN.aspx SDS] |
− | * Luster = vitreous to pearly. | |
− | * Streak = white.
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− | {| class="wikitable"
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− | |-
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− | ! scope="row"| Composition
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− | | LiAlSi2O6
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− | |-
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− | ! scope="row"| Mohs Hardness
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− | | 6.5 - 7.0
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− | |-
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− | ! scope="row"| Density
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− | | 3.13 - 3.20 g/ml
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− | |-
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− | ! scope="row"| Refractive Index
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− | | 1.648 - 1.679
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− | |}
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− | == Resources and Citations ==
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− | * Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Spodumene.shtml Spodumene] | |
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− | * Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
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− | * Robert Fournier, ''Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery'', Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
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− | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "spodumene" [Accessed December 4, 2001]. (tech info)
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− | * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
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− | * Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spodumene (Accessed Sept. 17, 2005)
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− | * ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
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− | * Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
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− | * ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
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| [[Category:Materials database]] | | [[Category:Materials database]] |