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| − | [[File:blueverditer C100x.jpg|thumb|Blue verditer]]
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| | == Description == | | == Description == |
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| − | Synthetically prepared azure blue pigment composed of [[basic copper carbonate]]. Blue verditer was first made in the 17th century and became widely used in the 19th century for both [[distemper]] and [[oil paint|oil]] based interior house paints. It is no longer commonly used. Blue verditer particles are more rounded and regular in size than ground [[azurite]].
| + | Currently used as a common name for solid [[sulfur]]. In early times, brimstone was used to refer to any ore or stone that burned. |
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| − | [[File:44_Blue verditer_200X.jpg|thumb|Blue verditer]]
| + | ==Resources and Citations== |
| − | [[File:44_Blue verditer_200X_pol.jpg|thumb|Blue verditer]]
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| − | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | |
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| − | basic copper carbonate (synthetic); Pigment Blue 30; CI 77420; Bremerblau (Deut.); bleu de Brême (Fr.); bleu de montagne (Fr.); azul montaña (Esp.); verdeterra blu (It.); basisch kopercarbonaat (syn) (Ned.); blue bice; copper blue; Bremen blue; cendres blue; ashes blue; mountain blue, lime blue
| + | * Thomas Gregory, ''The Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942 |
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| − | [[[SliderGallery rightalign|Blue verditer (MFA 436).PNG~FTIR (MFA)|Blue verditer, collodion slide (Forbes MFA 436), 532 nm.TIF~Raman (MFA)| PIG436.jpg~XRD|f436sem.jpg~SEM|f436edsbw.jpg~EDS|Slide3 F436.PNG~XRF]]]
| + | * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 783 |
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| − | ==Physical and Chemical Properties==
| + | * Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, ''Technology and Conservation'', Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985 |
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| − | * Insoluble in water and ethanol. | + | * ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996 |
| − | * Decomposes in acids with the evolution of carbon dioxide bubbles.
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| − | * Turns black with warm alkalis, hydrogen sulfide or sulfur fumes.
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| − | * Microscopically appears as tiny round aggregates that are highly birefringent and blue in transmitted light.
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| − | * Pleochroic from pale blue to deep blue.
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| − | {| class="wikitable"
| + | * ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 |
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| − | ! scope="row"| Composition
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| − | | 2CuCO3-Cu(OH)2
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| − | ! scope="row"| Density
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| − | | 3.8 g/ml
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| − | ! scope="row"| Refractive Index
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| − | | 1.730; 1.838; 1.758
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| − | |}
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| − | == Comparisons ==
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| − | [[media:download_file_499.pdf|Characteristics of Common Blue Pigments]]
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| − | == Resources and Citations ==
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| − | * ''Artists' Pigments: A Handbook of their History and Characteristics'', Ashok Roy (ed.), National Gallery of Art, Washington DC, Vol. 2, 1993 Comment: R. Gettens, and E. West Fitzhugh, "Azurite and Blue Verditer" cites uses of verditer in house paints as early as 1638 and 1671. | |
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| − | * R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966
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| − | * Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing) Comment: probably originating in the 18th c.; widely used in the 19th c.
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| − | * R.D. Harley, ''Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835'', Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982 Comment: relatively new color in the 17th c.
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| − | * Kurt Wehlte, ''The Materials and Techniques of Painting'', Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1975
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| − | * R. Newman, E. Farrell, 'House Paint Pigments', ''Paint in America '', R. Moss ed., Preservation Press, New York City, 1994
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| − | * Book and Paper Group, ''Paper Conservation Catalog'', AIC, 1984, 1989
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| − | * Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
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| | [[Category:Materials database]] | | [[Category:Materials database]] |