Wax crayon
Description
A hard, colored, wax-based stick usually wrapped in a protective paper. The popular Crayola brand crayons were introduced in 1903 by Binney & Smith. Marketed for children, these first crayons contained wax paraffin wax, acid stearic acid, oil, and pigments. Today, many different quality wax crayons are produced for children as well as for artists. The base for the crayons is a wax (such as paraffin, beeswax, wax carnauba, or polyethylene) mixed with a colorant (pigment or dye). Some soft crayons have small amounts of an oil and/or fat (stearic acid, tallow) while some hard crayons have a filler (kaolin, talc). A few brands produce a water-soluble type crayon that contains an emulsified wax and glycol polyethylene glycol (Ellis and Yeh 1997).
Synonyms and Related Terms
crayon; wax stick; Crayola [Binney & Smith]; school crayon; Neocolor I [Caran d'Ache]; Munsell Perma Pressed Crayons [Binney & Smith]
Other Properties
Soluble in petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents.
Hazards and Safety
Halos may form when used on absorbent material. Bloom may form on surface.
Additional Information
Binney & Smith: Crayola History M.Holben Ellis, M.Brigitte Yeh,"Categories of Wax-based Drawing Media" WAAC Newsletter, Vol 19(3), 1997.
Additional Images
Rubens Crayola Artists' Crayon
Authority
- Kurt Wehlte, Kurt Wehlte, The Materials and Techniques of Painting, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1975 Comment: p. 561
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 Comment: date 1902
- Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "crayon." Encyclopdia Britannica. 13 Oct. 2004 .
- Website address 1, Website address 1 Comment: www.crayola.com (date 1903)
- Book and Paper Group, Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989