Difference between revisions of "Wool"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| (7 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
[[File:31.901-SC3667.jpg|thumb|'''MFA Acc. #:''' 31.901]] | [[File:31.901-SC3667.jpg|thumb|'''MFA Acc. #:''' 31.901]] | ||
== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | + | [[File:sheepkes.jpg|thumb|Sheep]] | |
Textile fibers obtained from the fleece of sheep. The term wool is also used for a small amount of hair that is obtained from [[camel%20hair|camels]], [[alpaca|alpacas]], Angora rabbits ([[angora|angora]]), Angora goats ([[mohair|mohair]]), Kashmir goats ([[cashmere|cashmere]]), [[llama|llamas]], and [[vicu%C3%B1a|vicuñas]]. Wool, or hair, fibers are composed of [[keratin|keratin]]. Wool has been used by man since Neolithic times. The Phoenicians exported wool as early as the 7th century BCE. Sheep were brought to England in the 6th c. BCE and Britain has been the established leader in world wool trade since at least the 14th century CE. Wool fibers have a hollow core, or medulla, surrounded by a shaft called the cortex. The cortex is covered with a layer of scale-like cells, called epithelial scales. The size and shape of the scales are characteristic of the source of the fiber. The scales are usually coated with a thin outer sheath called the epicuticle. Wool fibers can range in color from white to brown to black. The fleece is obtained by shearing the sheep. | Textile fibers obtained from the fleece of sheep. The term wool is also used for a small amount of hair that is obtained from [[camel%20hair|camels]], [[alpaca|alpacas]], Angora rabbits ([[angora|angora]]), Angora goats ([[mohair|mohair]]), Kashmir goats ([[cashmere|cashmere]]), [[llama|llamas]], and [[vicu%C3%B1a|vicuñas]]. Wool, or hair, fibers are composed of [[keratin|keratin]]. Wool has been used by man since Neolithic times. The Phoenicians exported wool as early as the 7th century BCE. Sheep were brought to England in the 6th c. BCE and Britain has been the established leader in world wool trade since at least the 14th century CE. Wool fibers have a hollow core, or medulla, surrounded by a shaft called the cortex. The cortex is covered with a layer of scale-like cells, called epithelial scales. The size and shape of the scales are characteristic of the source of the fiber. The scales are usually coated with a thin outer sheath called the epicuticle. Wool fibers can range in color from white to brown to black. The fleece is obtained by shearing the sheep. | ||
| − | |||
[[File:Wool 200x BF.POL.jpg|thumb|Wool fibers]] | [[File:Wool 200x BF.POL.jpg|thumb|Wool fibers]] | ||
| + | * For wool fiber identification, see http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Category:FRIL:_Wool | ||
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiWOOL.jpg~FTIR|wool1000m.jpg~SEM]]] | [[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiWOOL.jpg~FTIR|wool1000m.jpg~SEM]]] | ||
| + | == Hazards and Safety == | ||
| + | |||
| + | Damaged by alkalis and most bleach solutions. Decomposes in boiling water. Susceptible to moth larvae and other protein-feeding insects. | ||
== Other Properties == | == Other Properties == | ||
| Line 24: | Line 27: | ||
| 1.32-1.34 | | 1.32-1.34 | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
== Comparisons == | == Comparisons == | ||
| − | [[media: | + | [[media:Properties of Natural Fibers.pdf|Properties of Natural Fibers]] |
| − | |||
| − | |||
== Additional Images == | == Additional Images == | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
| − | |||
File:wool unkn fibers.jpg|Wool | File:wool unkn fibers.jpg|Wool | ||
File:wool unkn det.jpg|Wool | File:wool unkn det.jpg|Wool | ||
| Line 52: | Line 44: | ||
| − | == | + | == Sources Checked for Data in Record == |
| + | * G.Cook, ''Handbook of Textile Fibres:I. Natural Fibres'', 5th edition, Merrow Publishing Co., Durham, England, 1984. | ||
* Walter C. McCrone, John Gustave Delly, ''The Particle Atlas'', W. McCrone Associates, Chicago, IV, 1972 | * Walter C. McCrone, John Gustave Delly, ''The Particle Atlas'', W. McCrone Associates, Chicago, IV, 1972 | ||
| Line 62: | Line 55: | ||
* A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, ''Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries'', Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962 | * A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, ''Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries'', Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962 | ||
| − | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "wool" | + | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "wool" [Accessed November 7, 2001]. |
| − | * Wikipedia | + | * Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wool (Accessed Nov. 29, 2005) |
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966 | * R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966 | ||
Revision as of 13:30, 4 August 2020
Description
Textile fibers obtained from the fleece of sheep. The term wool is also used for a small amount of hair that is obtained from camels, alpacas, Angora rabbits (Angora), Angora goats (Mohair), Kashmir goats (Cashmere), llamas, and vicuñas. Wool, or hair, fibers are composed of Keratin. Wool has been used by man since Neolithic times. The Phoenicians exported wool as early as the 7th century BCE. Sheep were brought to England in the 6th c. BCE and Britain has been the established leader in world wool trade since at least the 14th century CE. Wool fibers have a hollow core, or medulla, surrounded by a shaft called the cortex. The cortex is covered with a layer of scale-like cells, called epithelial scales. The size and shape of the scales are characteristic of the source of the fiber. The scales are usually coated with a thin outer sheath called the epicuticle. Wool fibers can range in color from white to brown to black. The fleece is obtained by shearing the sheep.
- For wool fiber identification, see http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Category:FRIL:_Wool
Synonyms and Related Terms
tweed; flannel; velour; felt; laine (Fr.); Wolle (Deut.); lana (Esp.); lana (It.); wol (Ned.); lã (Port.); ull (Sven.)
Hazards and Safety
Damaged by alkalis and most bleach solutions. Decomposes in boiling water. Susceptible to moth larvae and other protein-feeding insects.
Other Properties
Fiber length = 38-125 mm (fine), 65-150 mm (medium),125-375 mm (long). Fiber width = 17 micrometers( fine), 24-34 micrometers (medium); 40 micrometers (long). Elongation = 25-35% (dry), 25-50% (wet) Moisture regain = 16-18% Wool chars producing the smell of burning hair. It will not continue to burn when the flame is removed.
| Melting Point | 130 (dec) |
|---|---|
| Density | 1.32-1.34 |
Comparisons
Additional Images
Wool
Wool
Lincoln sheep wool
Comparison of wool, cotton and silk fibers
Wool fiber varieties
Drawing of wool fiber cross section
Sources Checked for Data in Record
- G.Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:I. Natural Fibres, 5th edition, Merrow Publishing Co., Durham, England, 1984.
- Walter C. McCrone, John Gustave Delly, The Particle Atlas, W. McCrone Associates, Chicago, IV, 1972
- Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
- Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
- A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962
- Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "wool" [Accessed November 7, 2001].
- Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wool (Accessed Nov. 29, 2005)
- R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
- Website address 1 Comment: www.fabrics.net
- Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
- Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
- Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
- Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000