Tungsten

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Scheelite (calcium tungstate)

Description

Hard, gray, metallic element. Tungsten was discovered in 1783 by Juan Jose and Fausto de Elhuyar of Spain. It has an abundance of 1.5 ppm in the earth's crust and is primarily found in scheelite (CaWO4) and wolframite [(Fe,Mn)WO4] ores. Tungsten is mined in China, Malaya, Mexico, Canada, Bolivia, Peru, and the U.S (Texas, Alaska). Metallic tungsten has the highest melting point of all metals. It is added to steel alloys to increase strength and corrosion resistance. Metallic tungsten is used as wires and filaments in Electric lamps, and furnaces. It is also used for thermocouples, spark plugs, electrical contacts, and cutting tools.

Tungsten metal

Synonyms and Related Terms

W; Wolfraam (Ned.); tungstène (Fr.); Wolfram (Deut., Dan.); tungsteno (It.); wolframio (It., Esp.); tungsténio (Port.); volfram (Sven.) ; scheelite (CaWO4); wolframite [(Fe,Mn)WO4]

Raman

ScheeliteRS.jpg


Risks

  • Powdered tungsten is flammable and may ignite spontaneously (pyrophoric).
  • Contact may cause irritation
  • Fisher Scientific: MSDS

Physical and Chemical Properties

Unaffected by mineral acids except for hydrofluoric mixed with nitric.

Composition W (atomic no. 74)
CAS 7440-33-7
Mohs Hardness 6.5-7.5
Melting Point 3410 C
Density 19.3 g/ml
Molecular Weight atomic wt = 183.85
Boiling Point 5927 C

Resources and Citations

  • Chemical & Engineering News, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 81 (36) , Sept. 8, 2003 Comment: Rick Lowden, p. 142: isolated in 1783 by Spanish chemists Juan Jose and Fausto Elhuyar
  • Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  • The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 9945; states discovered by Scheele in 1781 and isolated by J and F de Elhuyar
  • G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 827
  • Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
  • Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
  • Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
  • The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998