https://cameo.mfa.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Zhang&feedformat=atom CAMEO - User contributions [en] 2024-03-29T02:20:05Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.35.3 https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Crown_daisy_(Chrysanthemum_coronarium)_LC&diff=61957 Crown daisy (Chrysanthemum coronarium) LC 2018-05-09T16:07:02Z <p>Zhang: /* Identified compounds */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:Chrysanthemum coronarium.jpg|thumb|Flowers of Crown daisy, By Alvesgaspar - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3571023]]<br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> <br /> ''Glebionis coronaria'' is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family. It is native to the Mediterranean region. It is also cultivated and naturalized in East Asia and in scattered locations in North America.<br /> <br /> == Historical importance ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==<br /> <br /> HPLC-DAD-MS analysis was performed with an Agilent 1100 liquid chromatography system consisting of an automatic injector, a gradient pump, a HP series 1100 DAD, and an Agilent series 1100 VL on-line atmospheric pressure ionization electrospray ionization mass spectrometer. Separations were done on a Vydac 214TP52 analytical column (2.1 mm diameterX250 mm; 5-ím particle size). The column was eluted at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min with a tertiary gradient of water (A),acetonitrile (B), and 1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid (C) with the following elution program: 0 min, 90% A, 5% B, 5% C; 0-55 min, a linear gradient to 35% A, 60% B, 5% C; 55-60 min, a linear gradient elution to 15% A, 80% B, 5% C; 60-62 min, isocratic elution at 15% A, 80% B, 5% C; 62-70 min gradient elution to 90% A, 5% B, 5% C; and reequilibration with the latter solvent for 15 min. The mass spectrometer was run both in the negative and positive ion mode.<br /> <br /> == Chromatograms ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Daisy LC.PNG|center|frame|Absorbance at 350nm (mAU)]]<br /> <br /> <br /> == Sample information ==<br /> <br /> [[File:Daisy-1 LC.PNG|center|frame|sample information, By R. A. Laursen, Boston University ]]<br /> <br /> == Identified compounds ==<br /> <br /> [[[SliderGallery rightalign|Patuletin.PNG~Patuletin 3-O-glucoside UV-Vis|.JPG~ UV-Vis|.jpg~ UV-Vis]]]<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Compound<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| RT (min.)<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| MW<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| UV/vis<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Other<br /> |-<br /> | Quercetagetin 3-O-glucoside<br /> | 26.4<br /> | 480<br /> | 356<br /> | Comments here<br /> |-<br /> | Patuletin 3-O-glucoside<br /> | 29.9<br /> | x<br /> | x<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | Luteolin<br /> | x<br /> | x<br /> | x<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | Apigenin<br /> | <br /> | x<br /> | x<br /> | x<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1]<br /> [2]<br /> [3]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Reference Materials]]<br /> [[Category:Natural Dyes]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Chinese_grass_(Miscanthus_tinctorius)_LC&diff=61874 Chinese grass (Miscanthus tinctorius) LC 2018-03-22T17:24:37Z <p>Zhang: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:Chinese grass dry.jpg|thumb|'''Chinese grass from Tanakanao/ Photo by X. Zhang ]]<br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> <br /> Chinese grass (''Miscanthus tinctorius'') is also called kariyasu, yama kariyasu (mountain kariyasu) or kizome gusa (graa for making yellow) in Japanese. <br /> <br /> Chinese grass is a tufted perennial grass with culms 80-100 cm long.<br /> <br /> == Historical importance ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==<br /> <br /> HPLC-DAD-MS analysis was performed with an Agilent 1100 liquid chromatography system consisting of an automatic injector, a gradient pump, a HP series 1100 DAD, and an Agilent series 1100 VL on-line atmospheric pressure ionization electrospray ionization mass spectrometer. Separations were done on a Vydac 214TP52 analytical column (2.1 mm diameterX250 mm; 5-ím particle size). The column was eluted at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min with a tertiary gradient of water (A),acetonitrile (B), and 1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid (C) with the following elution program: 0 min, 90% A, 5% B, 5% C; 0-55 min, a linear gradient to 35% A, 60% B, 5% C; 55-60 min, a linear gradient elution to 15% A, 80% B, 5% C; 60-62 min, isocratic elution at 15% A, 80% B, 5% C; 62-70 min gradient elution to 90% A, 5% B, 5% C; and reequilibration with the latter solvent for 15 min. The mass spectrometer was run both in the negative and positive ion mode.<br /> <br /> == Chromatograms ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Chinese grass lc.PNG|center|frame|Absorbance at 350nm (mAU)]]<br /> <br /> == Sample information ==<br /> <br /> [[File:Chinese grassinfo.PNG|center|frame|Sample information, by R. Laursen, Boston University]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1]<br /> [2]<br /> [3]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Reference Materials]]<br /> [[Category:Natural Dyes]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Martius_Yellow&diff=61852 Martius Yellow 2018-02-06T14:24:06Z <p>Zhang: /* Synonyms and Related Terms */</p> <hr /> <div>== Description ==<br /> <br /> A yellow synthetic dye developed independently by Ganahl in 1856 and Martius in 1864.<br /> <br /> == Synonyms and Related Terms ==<br /> <br /> CI 10315; Acid Yellow 24, 2,4-Dinitronaphthol; Martinsgelb.<br /> <br /> == Sources Checked for Data in Record ==<br /> <br /> * Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Materials database]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=MFA_35.1968,_Fragment_of_silk,_Japan_(9th_or_10th_century)&diff=61851 MFA 35.1968, Fragment of silk, Japan (9th or 10th century) 2018-02-01T17:12:00Z <p>Zhang: </p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 35.1968. 17.4 x 22.5 cm (6 7/8 x 8 7/8 in.) (Gift of Yamanaka &amp; Co.). <br /> <br /> Textile fragment with design of floral motifs and latticework in yellow supplementary weft patterning on a yellow twill-weave silk ground. [1].<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 35.1968 sampling.JPG|center|frame|Fragment of silk. The samples were collected by textile curator Masumi Kataoka in 2010 © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. ]]<br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 35.1968 result.JPG|center|frame|Three threads were collected for dye analysis, analyzed by prof. R. Laursen at Boston University]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Two golden yellow and one blue samples were analyzed. Berberine and other alkanoids were identified. The dyeing source was a protoberberine type, probably [http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Amur_cork_tree_(Phellodendrom_amurense_Rupr._Rutaceae)_LC amur cork tree].<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] http://https://www.mfa.org/collections/object/fragment-of-silk-65626<br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=MFA_35.1968,_Fragment_of_silk,_Japan_(9th_or_10th_century)&diff=61850 MFA 35.1968, Fragment of silk, Japan (9th or 10th century) 2018-02-01T17:11:17Z <p>Zhang: /* Artifact Information */</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 35.1968. 17.4 x 22.5 cm (6 7/8 x 8 7/8 in.) (Gift of Yamanaka &amp; Co.). <br /> <br /> Textile fragment with design of floral motifs and latticework in yellow supplementary weft patterning on a yellow twill-weave silk ground. [1].<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 35.1968 sampling.JPG|center|frame|Fragment of silk. The samples were collected by textile curator Masumi Kataoka in 2010 © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. ]]<br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 35.1968 result.JPG|center|frame|Three threads were collected for dye analysis, analyzed by prof. R. Laursen at Boston University]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Two golden yellow and one blue samples were analyzed. Berberine and other alkanoids were identified. The dyeing source was a protoberberine type, probably [http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Amur_cork_tree_(Phellodendrom_amurense_Rupr._Rutaceae)_LC amur cork tree].<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] http://https://www.mfa.org/collections/search?search_api_views_fulltext=35.1967<br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=MFA_35.1968,_Fragment_of_silk,_Japan_(9th_or_10th_century)&diff=61849 MFA 35.1968, Fragment of silk, Japan (9th or 10th century) 2018-02-01T17:10:40Z <p>Zhang: /* Artifact Information */</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 35.1968. 17.4 x 22.5 cm (6 7/8 x 8 7/8 in.) (Gift of Yamanaka &amp; Co.). <br /> <br /> Textile fragment with design of floral motifs and latticework in yellow supplementary weft patterning on a yellow twill-weave silk ground. [1].<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 35.1968 sampling.JPG|center|frame|Fragment of silk. © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. ]]<br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 35.1968 result.JPG|center|frame|Three threads were collected for dye analysis, analyzed by prof. R. Laursen at Boston University]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Two golden yellow and one blue samples were analyzed. Berberine and other alkanoids were identified. The dyeing source was a protoberberine type, probably [http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Amur_cork_tree_(Phellodendrom_amurense_Rupr._Rutaceae)_LC amur cork tree].<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] http://https://www.mfa.org/collections/search?search_api_views_fulltext=35.1967<br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=File:MFA_35.1968_sampling.JPG&diff=61848 File:MFA 35.1968 sampling.JPG 2018-02-01T17:10:02Z <p>Zhang: MFA 35.1968</p> <hr /> <div>MFA 35.1968</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=MFA_35.1968,_Fragment_of_silk,_Japan_(9th_or_10th_century)&diff=61847 MFA 35.1968, Fragment of silk, Japan (9th or 10th century) 2018-02-01T17:05:55Z <p>Zhang: /* Summary of results */</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 35.1968. 17.4 x 22.5 cm (6 7/8 x 8 7/8 in.) (Gift of Yamanaka &amp; Co.). <br /> <br /> Textile fragment with design of floral motifs and latticework in yellow supplementary weft patterning on a yellow twill-weave silk ground. [1].<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 35.1976.PNG|center|frame|Fragment with design of flowers and cyprus fence. © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. ]]<br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 35.1968 result.JPG|center|frame|Three threads were collected for dye analysis, analyzed by prof. R. Laursen at Boston University]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Two golden yellow and one blue samples were analyzed. Berberine and other alkanoids were identified. The dyeing source was a protoberberine type, probably [http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Amur_cork_tree_(Phellodendrom_amurense_Rupr._Rutaceae)_LC amur cork tree].<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] http://https://www.mfa.org/collections/search?search_api_views_fulltext=35.1967<br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=File:MFA_35.1968_result.JPG&diff=61846 File:MFA 35.1968 result.JPG 2018-02-01T17:04:34Z <p>Zhang: by Laursen.</p> <hr /> <div>by Laursen.</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=MFA_35.1968,_Fragment_of_silk,_Japan_(9th_or_10th_century)&diff=61845 MFA 35.1968, Fragment of silk, Japan (9th or 10th century) 2018-02-01T17:01:33Z <p>Zhang: Created page with &quot;== Artifact Information == Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 35.1968. 17.4 x 22.5 cm (6 7/8 x 8 7/8 in.) (Gift of Yamanaka &amp; Co.). Textile fragment with design of floral motifs a...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 35.1968. 17.4 x 22.5 cm (6 7/8 x 8 7/8 in.) (Gift of Yamanaka &amp; Co.). <br /> <br /> Textile fragment with design of floral motifs and latticework in yellow supplementary weft patterning on a yellow twill-weave silk ground. [1].<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 35.1976.PNG|center|frame|Fragment with design of flowers and cyprus fence. © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. ]]<br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 35. 1967 result.PNG|center|frame|Two threads were collected for dye analysis, analyzed by prof. R. Laursen at Boston University]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Two gold yellow silk samples were analyzed. Berberine and other alkanoids were identified. The dyeing source was a protoberberine type, probably [http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Amur_cork_tree_(Phellodendrom_amurense_Rupr._Rutaceae)_LC amur cork tree].<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] http://https://www.mfa.org/collections/search?search_api_views_fulltext=35.1967<br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=MFA_35.1972,_fragment_of_silk_waving,_Japan_(Nara_period,_8th_century)&diff=61844 MFA 35.1972, fragment of silk waving, Japan (Nara period, 8th century) 2018-02-01T16:53:19Z <p>Zhang: </p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 35.1972. 13 x 17 cm (5 1/8 x 6 11/16 in.) overall fragments<br /> <br /> Fragment (only a few strands) olive, red, tan silk cord, basket weave.; small red silk fragment mounted with piece is a gift of Yamanaka &amp; Co., Boston, to the MFA on December 5, 1935[1]. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 35.1972 sampling.JPG|center|frame|MFA 35.1972 Silk textile fragment. The samples were collected by textile curator Masumi Kataoka in 2010 © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. ]]<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 35.1972 result.JPG|Frame| golden and green threads were collected for dye analysis, analyzed by Prof. Laursen at Boston University, 2010. ]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] http://https://www.mfa.org/collections/object/fragment-of-silk-weaving-65635<br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=File:MFA_35.1972_result.JPG&diff=61843 File:MFA 35.1972 result.JPG 2018-02-01T16:52:56Z <p>Zhang: By Laursen, 2010.</p> <hr /> <div>By Laursen, 2010.</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=MFA_35.1972,_fragment_of_silk_waving,_Japan_(Nara_period,_8th_century)&diff=61842 MFA 35.1972, fragment of silk waving, Japan (Nara period, 8th century) 2018-02-01T16:48:58Z <p>Zhang: </p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 35.1972. 13 x 17 cm (5 1/8 x 6 11/16 in.) overall fragments<br /> <br /> Fragment (only a few strands) olive, red, tan silk cord, basket weave.; small red silk fragment mounted with piece is a gift of Yamanaka &amp; Co., Boston, to the MFA on December 5, 1935[1]. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 35.1972 sampling.JPG|center|frame|MFA 35.1972 Silk textile fragment. The samples were collected by textile curator Masumi Kataoka in 2010 © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. ]]<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 35.1969 result.JPG|Frame| golden and green threads were collected for dye analysis, analyzed by Prof. Laursen at Boston University, 2010. ]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] http://https://www.mfa.org/collections/object/fragment-of-silk-weaving-65635<br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=File:MFA_35.1972_sampling.JPG&diff=61841 File:MFA 35.1972 sampling.JPG 2018-02-01T16:48:15Z <p>Zhang: MFA 35.1972</p> <hr /> <div>MFA 35.1972</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=MFA_35.1972,_fragment_of_silk_waving,_Japan_(Nara_period,_8th_century)&diff=61840 MFA 35.1972, fragment of silk waving, Japan (Nara period, 8th century) 2018-02-01T16:42:17Z <p>Zhang: Created page with &quot;== Artifact Information == Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 35.1972. 13 x 17 cm (5 1/8 x 6 11/16 in.) overall fragments Fragment (only a few strands) olive, red, tan silk cord, b...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 35.1972. 13 x 17 cm (5 1/8 x 6 11/16 in.) overall fragments<br /> <br /> Fragment (only a few strands) olive, red, tan silk cord, basket weave.; small red silk fragment mounted with piece is a gift of Yamanaka &amp; Co., Boston, to the MFA on December 5, 1935[1]. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 35.1969 sampling.JPG|center|frame|MFA 35.1969 Silk textile fragment with floral design. The samples were collected by textile curator Masumi Kataoka in 2010 © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. ]]<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 35.1969 result.JPG|Frame| golden and green threads were collected for dye analysis, analyzed by Prof. Laursen at Boston University, 2010. ]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] http://https://www.mfa.org/collections/object/fragment-of-silk-weaving-65635<br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=MFA_35.1969,_Textile_fragment_with_floral_design,_Japan_(Nara_period,_8th_century)&diff=61839 MFA 35.1969, Textile fragment with floral design, Japan (Nara period, 8th century) 2018-02-01T16:36:53Z <p>Zhang: </p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 35.1969. 11.43 x 8.89 cm (4 1/2 x 3 1/2 in.)<br /> <br /> The textile fragment with floral design in blue and yellow silk on a green silk ground is a gift of Yamanaka &amp; Co., Boston, to the MFA on December 5, 1935[1]. The textile is made of silk with supplementary weft patterning. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 35.1969 sampling.JPG|center|frame|MFA 35.1969 Silk textile fragment with floral design. The samples were collected by textile curator Masumi Kataoka in 2010 © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. ]]<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 35.1969 result.JPG|Frame| golden and green threads were collected for dye analysis, analyzed by Prof. Laursen at Boston University, 2010. ]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] http://https://www.mfa.org/collections/object/textile-fragment-65627<br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=File:MFA_35.1969_result.JPG&diff=61838 File:MFA 35.1969 result.JPG 2018-02-01T16:35:48Z <p>Zhang: MFA 35.1969, By R. A. Laursen, 2010.</p> <hr /> <div>MFA 35.1969, By R. A. Laursen, 2010.</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=MFA_35.1969,_Textile_fragment_with_floral_design,_Japan_(Nara_period,_8th_century)&diff=61837 MFA 35.1969, Textile fragment with floral design, Japan (Nara period, 8th century) 2018-02-01T16:23:46Z <p>Zhang: </p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 35.1969. 11.43 x 8.89 cm (4 1/2 x 3 1/2 in.)<br /> <br /> The textile fragment with floral design in blue and yellow silk on a green silk ground is a gift of Yamanaka &amp; Co., Boston, to the MFA on December 5, 1935[1]. The textile is made of silk with supplementary weft patterning. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 35.1969 sampling.JPG|center|frame|MFA 35.1969 Silk textile fragment with floral design. The samples were collected by textile curator Masumi Kataoka in 2010 © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. ]]<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 30.121 result.JPG|Frame| red and purple threads were collected for dye analysis, analyzed by Dr. Xian Zhang at Boston University, 2009. ]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] http://https://www.mfa.org/collections/object/textile-fragment-65627<br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=File:MFA_35.1969_sampling.JPG&diff=61836 File:MFA 35.1969 sampling.JPG 2018-02-01T16:21:15Z <p>Zhang: MFA 35.1969</p> <hr /> <div>MFA 35.1969</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=MFA_35.1969,_Textile_fragment_with_floral_design,_Japan_(Nara_period,_8th_century)&diff=61835 MFA 35.1969, Textile fragment with floral design, Japan (Nara period, 8th century) 2018-02-01T16:20:34Z <p>Zhang: Created page with &quot;== Artifact Information == Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 35.1969. 11.43 x 8.89 cm (4 1/2 x 3 1/2 in.) The textile fragment with floral design in blue and yellow silk on a gree...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 35.1969. 11.43 x 8.89 cm (4 1/2 x 3 1/2 in.)<br /> <br /> The textile fragment with floral design in blue and yellow silk on a green silk ground is a gift of Yamanaka &amp; Co., Boston, to the MFA on December 5, 1935[1]. The textile is made of silk with supplementary weft patterning. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 30.121.JPG|center|frame|MFA 30.121 Painted cotton fragment © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. ]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 30.121 detail1.JPG|center|frame|MFA 30.121 Painted cotton fragment, detail © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. ]]<br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 30.121 LC.JPG|Frame| Sample 1, red thread, analyzed by Dr. Xian Zhang at Boston University, 2009. ]]<br /> <br /> [[File:MFA 30.121 result.JPG|Frame| red and purple threads were collected for dye analysis, analyzed by Dr. Xian Zhang at Boston University, 2009. ]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] http://https://www.mfa.org/collections/object/textile-fragment-65627<br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=CNSM_1858,_Small_Dragon_Robe,_China_(Qing_Dynasty,_1644-1911_CE)&diff=61809 CNSM 1858, Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE) 2018-01-18T16:49:28Z <p>Zhang: /* Summary of results */</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE).<br /> Height: 94 cm<br /> Width: 136 cm <br /> <br /> Exisiting dragon robes are far from rare. This one however, really is, due to its small size.<br /> The dragon motifs are exquisitely worked on a yellow silk ground with gold couching technique while polychrome silk threads are used for clouds, bats and flowers. The most plausible explanation for a dragon robe of this size is that it is tailored specially to fit a child emperor. (depicted by Yan Xue, translated by Huiwei Shen).<br /> <br /> <br /> China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #1858.<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic1.jpg|center|frame|Image of the small Dragon Robe. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic2.png|center|frame|Sampling of colored threads. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> <br /> == Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==<br /> <br /> The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [1]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.<br /> <br /> <br /> An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> HPLC-MS analysis shows several common dyes were used to dye the Qing dynasty object. Bright yellow threads (part A) were dyed with [http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Pagoda_tree_(Styphnolobium_japonicum)_LC pagoda tree buds] due to the fact that a big peak corresponding to rutin is seen in HPLC profile of the yellow dye. [http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Safflower_(Carthamus_tinctorius)_LC Safflower] was identified in red threads (part B), along with [http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Chinese_cork_tree_(Phellodendron_chinense)_LC ''Phellodendron spp''], which is in good agreement with a dyeing recipe recorded in Tian Gong Kai Wu (Explotation of the Works of Nature, written by Song Yingxin in 1637). Indigo can be used not only to produce a blue color (part C), but also to produce various green colors by overdyeing with pagoda tree buds (part E) or Phellodendron spp.,(part F) Purple threads (part D) were dyed with a mixture of sappanwood and indigo.<br /> <br /> == HPLC profile ==<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 A.JPG|center|frame| Sample A Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 B.JPG|center|frame| Sample B Absorbance at 500nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 C.JPG|center|frame| Sample C Absorbance at 600nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM1858 D.JPG|center|frame| Sample D Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM1858 E.JPG|center|frame| Sample E Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 F.JPG|center|frame| Sample F Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 compounds.JPG|center|frame| CNSM 1858 Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Mouri C, Laursen R. Identification and partial characterization of C-glycosylfalvone markers in Asian plant dyes using liquid chromatogrphy tandem mass spectrometery. Journal of Chromatography A 2011; 1218: 7325-30.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=CNSM_1858,_Small_Dragon_Robe,_China_(Qing_Dynasty,_1644-1911_CE)&diff=61808 CNSM 1858, Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE) 2018-01-18T16:44:17Z <p>Zhang: /* Summary of results */</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE).<br /> Height: 94 cm<br /> Width: 136 cm <br /> <br /> Exisiting dragon robes are far from rare. This one however, really is, due to its small size.<br /> The dragon motifs are exquisitely worked on a yellow silk ground with gold couching technique while polychrome silk threads are used for clouds, bats and flowers. The most plausible explanation for a dragon robe of this size is that it is tailored specially to fit a child emperor. (depicted by Yan Xue, translated by Huiwei Shen).<br /> <br /> <br /> China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #1858.<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic1.jpg|center|frame|Image of the small Dragon Robe. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic2.png|center|frame|Sampling of colored threads. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> <br /> == Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==<br /> <br /> The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [1]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.<br /> <br /> <br /> An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> HPLC-MS analysis shows several common dyes were used to dye the Qing dynasty object. Bright yellow threads (part A) were dyed with [http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Pagoda_tree_(Styphnolobium_japonicum)_LC pagoda tree buds] due to the fact that a big peak corresponding to rutin is seen in HPLC profile of the yellow dye. [http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Safflower_(Carthamus_tinctorius)_LC Safflower] was identified in red threads (part B), along with ''Phellodendron spp'', which is in good agreement with a dyeing recipe recorded in Tian Gong Kai Wu (Explotation of the Works of Nature, written by Song Yingxin in 1637). Indigo can be used not only to produce a blue color (part C), but also to produce various green colors by overdyeing with pagoda tree buds (part E) or Phellodendron spp.,(part F) Purple threads (part D) were dyed with a mixture of sappanwood and indigo.<br /> <br /> == HPLC profile ==<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 A.JPG|center|frame| Sample A Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 B.JPG|center|frame| Sample B Absorbance at 500nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 C.JPG|center|frame| Sample C Absorbance at 600nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM1858 D.JPG|center|frame| Sample D Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM1858 E.JPG|center|frame| Sample E Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 F.JPG|center|frame| Sample F Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 compounds.JPG|center|frame| CNSM 1858 Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Mouri C, Laursen R. Identification and partial characterization of C-glycosylfalvone markers in Asian plant dyes using liquid chromatogrphy tandem mass spectrometery. Journal of Chromatography A 2011; 1218: 7325-30.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Safflower_(Carthamus_tinctorius)_LC&diff=61807 Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) LC 2018-01-18T16:41:18Z <p>Zhang: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:Safflowerdry.jpg|thumb|'''dried safflower, Photo by X. Zhang]]<br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> <br /> Safflower is an annual spiny plant that can grow to 1 m high. The plant is native to the area between northern India and the Near East [1]. <br /> <br /> The petals of the safflower plant (''Carthamus tinctorius L.'') contain several yellow dyes, but most famous is its red dye, carthamin, which has been used as a red colorant for textiles and cosmetics, especially in Asia, for centuries. Carthamin is isolated by washing safflower petals extensively with water to remove the yellow dyes, extracting the insoluble red pigment into an alkaline solution and then precipitating the red dye itself by acidification with citric or acetic acid (e.g., from lemon juice, vinegar, etc.) Often the dye is further purified by adsorption onto cotton or other substances, from which it can be re-extracted and then used for dyeing [2].<br /> <br /> Dyeing with carthamin is normally done at ambient temperature, and one needs to work relatively quickly as the dye in solution is not very stable. In 1997, Kim and Paik studied the stability of solutions of carthamin and found that it has a half-life at 25 °C, at pH 5 (near the pH at which dyeing is done) of only 4 h. They also found that the stability decreases at higher temperatures, with the half-life decreasing to about 4 min at 80 °C [3]. <br /> <br /> == Historical Importance ==<br /> <br /> Safflower has been cultivated in the eastern Mediterranean since earliest antiquity and later in southern Europe (Spain, Italy and France) and central Europe. It spread east to China along the ancient silk road around the 3rd or 4th century [1].<br /> <br /> In the Asian tradition, safflower was usually used with a yellow dye, usually one that contains berberine, to produce a fiery red color having an orange hue [4].<br /> <br /> Examples:<br /> <br /> [http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/CNSM_1858,_Small_Dragon_Robe,_China_(Qing_Dynasty,_1644-1911_CE) CNSM 1858]<br /> <br /> [http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/PEM_E79076,_embroidered_silk_shawl,_China_(19th_century) PEM E79076]<br /> <br /> [http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/V%26A_T.187-1948,_Woman%27s_robe_of_weft-pattern_woven_silk,_China_(early_18th_century) V&amp;A T.187-1948]<br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Sample preparation ==<br /> <br /> HPLC-DAD profile of safflower dye. A sample (~0.1g) from Tanakano, Japan was extracted with 1 mL methanol: (v:v=1:1). Then the upper 30 μl of solution was removed for HPLC-DAD-MS analysis (20 μl was injected).<br /> <br /> HPLC-DAD-MS analysis was performed with an Agilent 1100 liquid chromatography system consisting of an automatic injector, a gradient pump, a HP series 1100 DAD, and an Agilent series 1100 VL on-line atmospheric pressure ionization electrospray ionization mass spectrometer. Separations were done on a Vydac 214TP52 analytical column (2.1 mm diameterX250 mm; 5-ím particle size). The column was eluted at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min with a tertiary gradient of water (A),acetonitrile (B), and 1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid (C) with the following elution program: 0 min, 90% A, 5% B, 5% C; 0-55 min, a linear gradient to 35% A, 60% B, 5% C; 55-60 min, a linear gradient elution to 15% A, 80% B, 5% C; 60-62 min, isocratic elution at 15% A, 80% B, 5% C; 62-70 min gradient elution to 90% A, 5% B, 5% C; and reequilibration with the latter solvent for 15 min. The mass spectrometer was run both in the negative and positive ion mode.<br /> <br /> == ==<br /> <br /> HPLC-DAD<br /> <br /> [[|600px|center|Absorbance at 350nm (mAU)]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Result<br /> <br /> [[File:isoUV.jpg|700px|center|compounds identified]]<br /> <br /> == Identified compounds ==<br /> <br /> [[[SliderGallery rightalign|~HPLC-DAD|R UV-Vis|T~test3|I UV-VIs]]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> [1] D. Cardon &quot;Natural Dyes, Sources, Tradition, Technology and Science&quot; 54.<br /> <br /> [2] J. Wouters, C. Grzywacz, A. Claro, Markers for Identification of Faded Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Colorants by HPLC-PDA-MS, Studies in Conservation, 2010, 55, 186-203.<br /> <br /> [3] J.-B. Kim and Y.-S. Paik, &quot;Stability of carthamin fromCarthamus tinctorius in aqueous solution: pH and temperature effects&quot;, Archives of Pharmacal Research, December 1997, Volume 20, Issue 6, pp 643–646.<br /> <br /> [4] R.A. Laursen and C. Mouri &quot;Decomposition and analysis of carthamin in safflower-dyed textiles&quot;, e-Preservation Science 2013, 10, 35-37.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Reference Materials]]<br /> [[Category:Natural Dyes]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Safflower_(Carthamus_tinctorius)_LC&diff=61806 Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) LC 2018-01-18T16:40:23Z <p>Zhang: /* Historical Importance */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:Safflowerdry.jpg|thumb|'''dried safflower, Photo by X. Zhang]]<br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> <br /> Safflower is an annual spiny plant that can grow to 1 m high. The plant is native to the area between northern India and the Near East [1]. <br /> <br /> The petals of the safflower plant (''Carthamus tinctorius L.'') contain several yellow dyes, but most famous is its red dye, carthamin, which has been used as a red colorant for textiles and cosmetics, especially in Asia, for centuries. Carthamin is isolated by washing safflower petals extensively with water to remove the yellow dyes, extracting the insoluble red pigment into an alkaline solution and then precipitating the red dye itself by acidification with citric or acetic acid (e.g., from lemon juice, vinegar, etc.) Often the dye is further purified by adsorption onto cotton or other substances, from which it can be re-extracted and then used for dyeing [2].<br /> <br /> Dyeing with carthamin is normally done at ambient temperature, and one needs to work relatively quickly as the dye in solution is not very stable. In 1997, Kim and Paik studied the stability of solutions of carthamin and found that it has a half-life at 25 °C, at pH 5 (near the pH at which dyeing is done) of only 4 h. They also found that the stability decreases at higher temperatures, with the half-life decreasing to about 4 min at 80 °C [3]. <br /> <br /> == Historical Importance ==<br /> <br /> Safflower has been cultivated in the eastern Mediterranean since earliest antiquity and later in southern Europe (Spain, Italy and France) and central Europe. It spread east to China along the ancient silk road around the 3rd or 4th century [1].<br /> <br /> In the Asian tradition, safflower was usually used with a yellow dye, usually one that contains berberine, to produce a fiery red color having an orange hue [4].<br /> <br /> Examples:<br /> <br /> [http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/CNSM_1858,_Small_Dragon_Robe,_China_(Qing_Dynasty,_1644-1911_CE)#Summary_of_results CNSM 1858]<br /> <br /> [http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/PEM_E79076,_embroidered_silk_shawl,_China_(19th_century) PEM E79076]<br /> <br /> [http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/V%26A_T.187-1948,_Woman%27s_robe_of_weft-pattern_woven_silk,_China_(early_18th_century) V&amp;A T.187-1948]<br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Sample preparation ==<br /> <br /> HPLC-DAD profile of safflower dye. A sample (~0.1g) from Tanakano, Japan was extracted with 1 mL methanol: (v:v=1:1). Then the upper 30 μl of solution was removed for HPLC-DAD-MS analysis (20 μl was injected).<br /> <br /> HPLC-DAD-MS analysis was performed with an Agilent 1100 liquid chromatography system consisting of an automatic injector, a gradient pump, a HP series 1100 DAD, and an Agilent series 1100 VL on-line atmospheric pressure ionization electrospray ionization mass spectrometer. Separations were done on a Vydac 214TP52 analytical column (2.1 mm diameterX250 mm; 5-ím particle size). The column was eluted at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min with a tertiary gradient of water (A),acetonitrile (B), and 1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid (C) with the following elution program: 0 min, 90% A, 5% B, 5% C; 0-55 min, a linear gradient to 35% A, 60% B, 5% C; 55-60 min, a linear gradient elution to 15% A, 80% B, 5% C; 60-62 min, isocratic elution at 15% A, 80% B, 5% C; 62-70 min gradient elution to 90% A, 5% B, 5% C; and reequilibration with the latter solvent for 15 min. The mass spectrometer was run both in the negative and positive ion mode.<br /> <br /> == ==<br /> <br /> HPLC-DAD<br /> <br /> [[|600px|center|Absorbance at 350nm (mAU)]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Result<br /> <br /> [[File:isoUV.jpg|700px|center|compounds identified]]<br /> <br /> == Identified compounds ==<br /> <br /> [[[SliderGallery rightalign|~HPLC-DAD|R UV-Vis|T~test3|I UV-VIs]]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> [1] D. Cardon &quot;Natural Dyes, Sources, Tradition, Technology and Science&quot; 54.<br /> <br /> [2] J. Wouters, C. Grzywacz, A. Claro, Markers for Identification of Faded Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Colorants by HPLC-PDA-MS, Studies in Conservation, 2010, 55, 186-203.<br /> <br /> [3] J.-B. Kim and Y.-S. Paik, &quot;Stability of carthamin fromCarthamus tinctorius in aqueous solution: pH and temperature effects&quot;, Archives of Pharmacal Research, December 1997, Volume 20, Issue 6, pp 643–646.<br /> <br /> [4] R.A. Laursen and C. Mouri &quot;Decomposition and analysis of carthamin in safflower-dyed textiles&quot;, e-Preservation Science 2013, 10, 35-37.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Reference Materials]]<br /> [[Category:Natural Dyes]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=CNSM_1858,_Small_Dragon_Robe,_China_(Qing_Dynasty,_1644-1911_CE)&diff=61805 CNSM 1858, Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE) 2018-01-18T16:38:44Z <p>Zhang: /* Summary of results */</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE).<br /> Height: 94 cm<br /> Width: 136 cm <br /> <br /> Exisiting dragon robes are far from rare. This one however, really is, due to its small size.<br /> The dragon motifs are exquisitely worked on a yellow silk ground with gold couching technique while polychrome silk threads are used for clouds, bats and flowers. The most plausible explanation for a dragon robe of this size is that it is tailored specially to fit a child emperor. (depicted by Yan Xue, translated by Huiwei Shen).<br /> <br /> <br /> China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #1858.<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic1.jpg|center|frame|Image of the small Dragon Robe. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic2.png|center|frame|Sampling of colored threads. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> <br /> == Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==<br /> <br /> The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [1]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.<br /> <br /> <br /> An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> HPLC-MS analysis shows several common dyes were used to dye the Qing dynasty object. Bright yellow threads (part A) were dyed with [http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Pagoda_tree_(Styphnolobium_japonicum)_LC pagoda tree buds] due to the fact that a big peak corresponding to rutin is seen in HPLC profile of the yellow dye. Safflower was identified in red threads (part B), along with ''Phellodendron spp'', which is in good agreement with a dyeing recipe recorded in Tian Gong Kai Wu (Explotation of the Works of Nature, written by Song Yingxin in 1637). Indigo can be used not only to produce a blue color (part C), but also to produce various green colors by overdyeing with pagoda tree buds (part E) or Phellodendron spp.,(part F) Purple threads (part D) were dyed with a mixture of sappanwood and indigo.<br /> <br /> == HPLC profile ==<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 A.JPG|center|frame| Sample A Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 B.JPG|center|frame| Sample B Absorbance at 500nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 C.JPG|center|frame| Sample C Absorbance at 600nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM1858 D.JPG|center|frame| Sample D Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM1858 E.JPG|center|frame| Sample E Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 F.JPG|center|frame| Sample F Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 compounds.JPG|center|frame| CNSM 1858 Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Mouri C, Laursen R. Identification and partial characterization of C-glycosylfalvone markers in Asian plant dyes using liquid chromatogrphy tandem mass spectrometery. Journal of Chromatography A 2011; 1218: 7325-30.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=CNSM_1858,_Small_Dragon_Robe,_China_(Qing_Dynasty,_1644-1911_CE)&diff=61804 CNSM 1858, Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE) 2018-01-18T16:37:07Z <p>Zhang: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE).<br /> Height: 94 cm<br /> Width: 136 cm <br /> <br /> Exisiting dragon robes are far from rare. This one however, really is, due to its small size.<br /> The dragon motifs are exquisitely worked on a yellow silk ground with gold couching technique while polychrome silk threads are used for clouds, bats and flowers. The most plausible explanation for a dragon robe of this size is that it is tailored specially to fit a child emperor. (depicted by Yan Xue, translated by Huiwei Shen).<br /> <br /> <br /> China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #1858.<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic1.jpg|center|frame|Image of the small Dragon Robe. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic2.png|center|frame|Sampling of colored threads. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> <br /> == Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==<br /> <br /> The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [1]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.<br /> <br /> <br /> An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> HPLC-MS analysis shows several common dyes were used to dye the Qing dynasty object. Bright yellow threads (part A) were dyed with pagoda tree buds due to the fact that a big peak corresponding to rutin is seen in HPLC profile of the yellow dye. Safflower was identified in red threads (part B), along with ''Phellodendron spp'', which is in good agreement with a dyeing recipe recorded in Tian Gong Kai Wu (Explotation of the Works of Nature, written by Song Yingxin in 1637). Indigo can be used not only to produce a blue color (part C), but also to produce various green colors by overdyeing with pagoda tree buds (part E) or Phellodendron spp.,(part F) Purple threads (part D) were dyed with a mixture of sappanwood and indigo.<br /> <br /> == HPLC profile ==<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 A.JPG|center|frame| Sample A Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 B.JPG|center|frame| Sample B Absorbance at 500nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 C.JPG|center|frame| Sample C Absorbance at 600nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM1858 D.JPG|center|frame| Sample D Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM1858 E.JPG|center|frame| Sample E Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 F.JPG|center|frame| Sample F Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 compounds.JPG|center|frame| CNSM 1858 Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Mouri C, Laursen R. Identification and partial characterization of C-glycosylfalvone markers in Asian plant dyes using liquid chromatogrphy tandem mass spectrometery. Journal of Chromatography A 2011; 1218: 7325-30.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=CNSM_1858,_Small_Dragon_Robe,_China_(Qing_Dynasty,_1644-1911_CE)&diff=61803 CNSM 1858, Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE) 2018-01-18T16:36:45Z <p>Zhang: /* Summary of results */</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE).<br /> Height: 94 cm<br /> Width: 136 cm <br /> <br /> Exisiting dragon robes are far from rare. This one however, really is, due to its small size.<br /> The dragon motifs are exquisitely worked on a yellow silk ground with gold couching technique while polychrome silk threads are used for clouds, bats and flowers. The most plausible explanation for a dragon robe of this size is that it is tailored specially to fit a child emperor. (depicted by Yan Xue, translated by Huiwei Shen).<br /> <br /> <br /> China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #1858.<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic1.jpg|center|frame|Image of the small Dragon Robe. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic2.png|center|frame|Sampling of colored threads. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> <br /> == Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==<br /> <br /> The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [1]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.<br /> <br /> <br /> An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> HPLC-MS analysis shows several common dyes were used to dye the Qing dynasty object. Bright yellow threads (part A) were dyed with pagoda tree buds due to the fact that a big peak corresponding to rutin is seen in HPLC profile of the yellow dye. Safflower was identified in red threads (part B), along with ''Phellodendron spp'', which is in good agreement with a dyeing recipe recorded in Tian Gong Kai Wu (Explotation of the Works of Nature, written by Song Yingxin in 1637). Indigo can be used not only to produce a blue color (part C), but also to produce various green colors by overdyeing with pagoda tree buds (part E) or Phellodendron spp.,(part F) Purple threads (part D) were dyed with a mixture of sappanwood and indigo.<br /> <br /> == HPLC profile ==<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 A.JPG|center|frame| Sample A Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 B.JPG|center|frame| Sample B Absorbance at 500nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 C.JPG|center|frame| Sample C Absorbance at 600nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM1858 D.JPG|center|frame| Sample D Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM1858 E.JPG|center|frame| Sample E Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 F.JPG|center|frame| Sample F Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 compounds.JPG|center|frame| CNSM 1858 Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] [1] Xu X. Studies of samite with birds from Tibetan Tombs in Dulan of Qinghai. China Tibetology 1996; 1: 3-26. <br /> <br /> [2] Richard A. Laursen and Chika Mouri &quot;Decomposition and analysis of cathamin in safflower-dyed textiles&quot;, e-Preservation Science 2013, 10, 35-37.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=CNSM_1858,_Small_Dragon_Robe,_China_(Qing_Dynasty,_1644-1911_CE)&diff=61802 CNSM 1858, Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE) 2018-01-18T16:36:19Z <p>Zhang: /* Summary of results */</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE).<br /> Height: 94 cm<br /> Width: 136 cm <br /> <br /> Exisiting dragon robes are far from rare. This one however, really is, due to its small size.<br /> The dragon motifs are exquisitely worked on a yellow silk ground with gold couching technique while polychrome silk threads are used for clouds, bats and flowers. The most plausible explanation for a dragon robe of this size is that it is tailored specially to fit a child emperor. (depicted by Yan Xue, translated by Huiwei Shen).<br /> <br /> <br /> China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #1858.<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic1.jpg|center|frame|Image of the small Dragon Robe. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic2.png|center|frame|Sampling of colored threads. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> <br /> == Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==<br /> <br /> The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [1]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.<br /> <br /> <br /> An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> HPLC-MS analysis shows several common dyes were used to dye the Qing dynasty object. Bright yellow threads (part A) were dyed with pagoda tree buds due to the fact that a big peak corresponding to rutin is seen in HPLC profile of the yellow dye. Safflower was identified in red threads (part B)[1], along with ''Phellodendron spp'', which is in good agreement with a dyeing recipe recorded in Tian Gong Kai Wu (Explotation of the Works of Nature, written by Song Yingxin in 1637). Indigo can be used not only to produce a blue color (part C), but also to produce various green colors by overdyeing with pagoda tree buds (part E) or Phellodendron spp.,(part F) Purple threads (part D) were dyed with a mixture of sappanwood and indigo.<br /> <br /> == HPLC profile ==<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 A.JPG|center|frame| Sample A Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 B.JPG|center|frame| Sample B Absorbance at 500nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 C.JPG|center|frame| Sample C Absorbance at 600nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM1858 D.JPG|center|frame| Sample D Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM1858 E.JPG|center|frame| Sample E Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 F.JPG|center|frame| Sample F Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 compounds.JPG|center|frame| CNSM 1858 Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] [1] Xu X. Studies of samite with birds from Tibetan Tombs in Dulan of Qinghai. China Tibetology 1996; 1: 3-26. <br /> <br /> [2] Richard A. Laursen and Chika Mouri &quot;Decomposition and analysis of cathamin in safflower-dyed textiles&quot;, e-Preservation Science 2013, 10, 35-37.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=CNSM_1858,_Small_Dragon_Robe,_China_(Qing_Dynasty,_1644-1911_CE)&diff=61801 CNSM 1858, Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE) 2018-01-18T16:35:32Z <p>Zhang: /* HPLC profile */</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE).<br /> Height: 94 cm<br /> Width: 136 cm <br /> <br /> Exisiting dragon robes are far from rare. This one however, really is, due to its small size.<br /> The dragon motifs are exquisitely worked on a yellow silk ground with gold couching technique while polychrome silk threads are used for clouds, bats and flowers. The most plausible explanation for a dragon robe of this size is that it is tailored specially to fit a child emperor. (depicted by Yan Xue, translated by Huiwei Shen).<br /> <br /> <br /> China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #1858.<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic1.jpg|center|frame|Image of the small Dragon Robe. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic2.png|center|frame|Sampling of colored threads. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> <br /> == Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==<br /> <br /> The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [1]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.<br /> <br /> <br /> An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> HPLC-MS analysis shows several common dyes were used to dye the Qing dynasty object. Bright yellow threads (part A) were dyed with pagoda tree buds due to the fact that a big peak corresponding to rutin is seen in HPLC profile of the yellow dye. Safflower was identified in red threads (part B), along with ''Phellodendron spp'', which is in good agreement with a dyeing recipe recorded in Tian Gong Kai Wu (Explotation of the Works of Nature, written by Song Yingxin in 1637). Indigo can be used not only to produce a blue color (part C), but also to produce various green colors by overdyeing with pagoda tree buds (part E) or Phellodendron spp.,(part F) Purple threads (part D) were dyed with a mixture of sappanwood and indigo.<br /> <br /> == HPLC profile ==<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 A.JPG|center|frame| Sample A Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 B.JPG|center|frame| Sample B Absorbance at 500nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 C.JPG|center|frame| Sample C Absorbance at 600nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM1858 D.JPG|center|frame| Sample D Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM1858 E.JPG|center|frame| Sample E Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 F.JPG|center|frame| Sample F Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 compounds.JPG|center|frame| CNSM 1858 Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] [1] Xu X. Studies of samite with birds from Tibetan Tombs in Dulan of Qinghai. China Tibetology 1996; 1: 3-26. <br /> <br /> [2] Richard A. Laursen and Chika Mouri &quot;Decomposition and analysis of cathamin in safflower-dyed textiles&quot;, e-Preservation Science 2013, 10, 35-37.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=File:CNSM_1858_compounds.JPG&diff=61800 File:CNSM 1858 compounds.JPG 2018-01-18T16:34:52Z <p>Zhang: CNSM 1858 compounds, By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum.</p> <hr /> <div>CNSM 1858 compounds, By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum.</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=CNSM_1858,_Small_Dragon_Robe,_China_(Qing_Dynasty,_1644-1911_CE)&diff=61799 CNSM 1858, Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE) 2018-01-18T16:31:35Z <p>Zhang: /* HPLC profile */</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE).<br /> Height: 94 cm<br /> Width: 136 cm <br /> <br /> Exisiting dragon robes are far from rare. This one however, really is, due to its small size.<br /> The dragon motifs are exquisitely worked on a yellow silk ground with gold couching technique while polychrome silk threads are used for clouds, bats and flowers. The most plausible explanation for a dragon robe of this size is that it is tailored specially to fit a child emperor. (depicted by Yan Xue, translated by Huiwei Shen).<br /> <br /> <br /> China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #1858.<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic1.jpg|center|frame|Image of the small Dragon Robe. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic2.png|center|frame|Sampling of colored threads. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> <br /> == Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==<br /> <br /> The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [1]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.<br /> <br /> <br /> An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> HPLC-MS analysis shows several common dyes were used to dye the Qing dynasty object. Bright yellow threads (part A) were dyed with pagoda tree buds due to the fact that a big peak corresponding to rutin is seen in HPLC profile of the yellow dye. Safflower was identified in red threads (part B), along with ''Phellodendron spp'', which is in good agreement with a dyeing recipe recorded in Tian Gong Kai Wu (Explotation of the Works of Nature, written by Song Yingxin in 1637). Indigo can be used not only to produce a blue color (part C), but also to produce various green colors by overdyeing with pagoda tree buds (part E) or Phellodendron spp.,(part F) Purple threads (part D) were dyed with a mixture of sappanwood and indigo.<br /> <br /> == HPLC profile ==<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 A.JPG|center|frame| Sample A Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 B.JPG|center|frame| Sample B Absorbance at 500nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 C.JPG|center|frame| Sample C Absorbance at 600nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM1858 D.JPG|center|frame| Sample D Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM1858 E.JPG|center|frame| Sample E Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 F.JPG|center|frame| Sample F Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 2703 compounds.PNG|center|frame| Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] [1] Xu X. Studies of samite with birds from Tibetan Tombs in Dulan of Qinghai. China Tibetology 1996; 1: 3-26. <br /> <br /> [2] Richard A. Laursen and Chika Mouri &quot;Decomposition and analysis of cathamin in safflower-dyed textiles&quot;, e-Preservation Science 2013, 10, 35-37.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=File:CNSM_1858_F.JPG&diff=61798 File:CNSM 1858 F.JPG 2018-01-18T16:30:44Z <p>Zhang: CNSM 1858, sample F, HPLC profile, By Jian Liu.</p> <hr /> <div>CNSM 1858, sample F, HPLC profile, By Jian Liu.</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=File:CNSM1858_E.JPG&diff=61797 File:CNSM1858 E.JPG 2018-01-18T16:28:38Z <p>Zhang: CNSM 1858, sample E, HPLC profile By Jian Liu.</p> <hr /> <div>CNSM 1858, sample E, HPLC profile By Jian Liu.</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=CNSM_1858,_Small_Dragon_Robe,_China_(Qing_Dynasty,_1644-1911_CE)&diff=61796 CNSM 1858, Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE) 2018-01-18T16:27:26Z <p>Zhang: /* HPLC profile */</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE).<br /> Height: 94 cm<br /> Width: 136 cm <br /> <br /> Exisiting dragon robes are far from rare. This one however, really is, due to its small size.<br /> The dragon motifs are exquisitely worked on a yellow silk ground with gold couching technique while polychrome silk threads are used for clouds, bats and flowers. The most plausible explanation for a dragon robe of this size is that it is tailored specially to fit a child emperor. (depicted by Yan Xue, translated by Huiwei Shen).<br /> <br /> <br /> China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #1858.<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic1.jpg|center|frame|Image of the small Dragon Robe. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic2.png|center|frame|Sampling of colored threads. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> <br /> == Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==<br /> <br /> The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [1]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.<br /> <br /> <br /> An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> HPLC-MS analysis shows several common dyes were used to dye the Qing dynasty object. Bright yellow threads (part A) were dyed with pagoda tree buds due to the fact that a big peak corresponding to rutin is seen in HPLC profile of the yellow dye. Safflower was identified in red threads (part B), along with ''Phellodendron spp'', which is in good agreement with a dyeing recipe recorded in Tian Gong Kai Wu (Explotation of the Works of Nature, written by Song Yingxin in 1637). Indigo can be used not only to produce a blue color (part C), but also to produce various green colors by overdyeing with pagoda tree buds (part E) or Phellodendron spp.,(part F) Purple threads (part D) were dyed with a mixture of sappanwood and indigo.<br /> <br /> == HPLC profile ==<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 A.JPG|center|frame| Sample A Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 B.JPG|center|frame| Sample B Absorbance at 500nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 C.JPG|center|frame| Sample C Absorbance at 600nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM1858 D.JPG|center|frame| Sample D Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 2703 compounds.PNG|center|frame| Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] [1] Xu X. Studies of samite with birds from Tibetan Tombs in Dulan of Qinghai. China Tibetology 1996; 1: 3-26. <br /> <br /> [2] Richard A. Laursen and Chika Mouri &quot;Decomposition and analysis of cathamin in safflower-dyed textiles&quot;, e-Preservation Science 2013, 10, 35-37.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=CNSM_1858,_Small_Dragon_Robe,_China_(Qing_Dynasty,_1644-1911_CE)&diff=61795 CNSM 1858, Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE) 2018-01-18T16:27:02Z <p>Zhang: /* HPLC profile */</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE).<br /> Height: 94 cm<br /> Width: 136 cm <br /> <br /> Exisiting dragon robes are far from rare. This one however, really is, due to its small size.<br /> The dragon motifs are exquisitely worked on a yellow silk ground with gold couching technique while polychrome silk threads are used for clouds, bats and flowers. The most plausible explanation for a dragon robe of this size is that it is tailored specially to fit a child emperor. (depicted by Yan Xue, translated by Huiwei Shen).<br /> <br /> <br /> China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #1858.<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic1.jpg|center|frame|Image of the small Dragon Robe. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic2.png|center|frame|Sampling of colored threads. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> <br /> == Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==<br /> <br /> The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [1]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.<br /> <br /> <br /> An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> HPLC-MS analysis shows several common dyes were used to dye the Qing dynasty object. Bright yellow threads (part A) were dyed with pagoda tree buds due to the fact that a big peak corresponding to rutin is seen in HPLC profile of the yellow dye. Safflower was identified in red threads (part B), along with ''Phellodendron spp'', which is in good agreement with a dyeing recipe recorded in Tian Gong Kai Wu (Explotation of the Works of Nature, written by Song Yingxin in 1637). Indigo can be used not only to produce a blue color (part C), but also to produce various green colors by overdyeing with pagoda tree buds (part E) or Phellodendron spp.,(part F) Purple threads (part D) were dyed with a mixture of sappanwood and indigo.<br /> <br /> == HPLC profile ==<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 A.JPG|center|frame| Sample A Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 B.JPG|center|frame| Sample B Absorbance at 500nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 C.JPG|center|frame| Sample C Absorbance at 600nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM1858 D.JPG|center|frame| Sample C Absorbance at 600nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 2703 compounds.PNG|center|frame| Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] [1] Xu X. Studies of samite with birds from Tibetan Tombs in Dulan of Qinghai. China Tibetology 1996; 1: 3-26. <br /> <br /> [2] Richard A. Laursen and Chika Mouri &quot;Decomposition and analysis of cathamin in safflower-dyed textiles&quot;, e-Preservation Science 2013, 10, 35-37.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=File:CNSM1858_D.JPG&diff=61794 File:CNSM1858 D.JPG 2018-01-18T16:26:11Z <p>Zhang: CNSM 1858, Sample D, HPLC profile, By Jian Liu.</p> <hr /> <div>CNSM 1858, Sample D, HPLC profile, By Jian Liu.</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=CNSM_1858,_Small_Dragon_Robe,_China_(Qing_Dynasty,_1644-1911_CE)&diff=61793 CNSM 1858, Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE) 2018-01-18T16:24:03Z <p>Zhang: /* HPLC profile */</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE).<br /> Height: 94 cm<br /> Width: 136 cm <br /> <br /> Exisiting dragon robes are far from rare. This one however, really is, due to its small size.<br /> The dragon motifs are exquisitely worked on a yellow silk ground with gold couching technique while polychrome silk threads are used for clouds, bats and flowers. The most plausible explanation for a dragon robe of this size is that it is tailored specially to fit a child emperor. (depicted by Yan Xue, translated by Huiwei Shen).<br /> <br /> <br /> China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #1858.<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic1.jpg|center|frame|Image of the small Dragon Robe. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic2.png|center|frame|Sampling of colored threads. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> <br /> == Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==<br /> <br /> The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [1]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.<br /> <br /> <br /> An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> HPLC-MS analysis shows several common dyes were used to dye the Qing dynasty object. Bright yellow threads (part A) were dyed with pagoda tree buds due to the fact that a big peak corresponding to rutin is seen in HPLC profile of the yellow dye. Safflower was identified in red threads (part B), along with ''Phellodendron spp'', which is in good agreement with a dyeing recipe recorded in Tian Gong Kai Wu (Explotation of the Works of Nature, written by Song Yingxin in 1637). Indigo can be used not only to produce a blue color (part C), but also to produce various green colors by overdyeing with pagoda tree buds (part E) or Phellodendron spp.,(part F) Purple threads (part D) were dyed with a mixture of sappanwood and indigo.<br /> <br /> == HPLC profile ==<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 A.JPG|center|frame| Sample A Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 B.JPG|center|frame| Sample B Absorbance at 500nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 C.JPG|center|frame| Sample C Absorbance at 600nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 2703 compounds.PNG|center|frame| Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] [1] Xu X. Studies of samite with birds from Tibetan Tombs in Dulan of Qinghai. China Tibetology 1996; 1: 3-26. <br /> <br /> [2] Richard A. Laursen and Chika Mouri &quot;Decomposition and analysis of cathamin in safflower-dyed textiles&quot;, e-Preservation Science 2013, 10, 35-37.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=CNSM_1858,_Small_Dragon_Robe,_China_(Qing_Dynasty,_1644-1911_CE)&diff=61792 CNSM 1858, Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE) 2018-01-18T16:23:42Z <p>Zhang: /* HPLC profile */</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE).<br /> Height: 94 cm<br /> Width: 136 cm <br /> <br /> Exisiting dragon robes are far from rare. This one however, really is, due to its small size.<br /> The dragon motifs are exquisitely worked on a yellow silk ground with gold couching technique while polychrome silk threads are used for clouds, bats and flowers. The most plausible explanation for a dragon robe of this size is that it is tailored specially to fit a child emperor. (depicted by Yan Xue, translated by Huiwei Shen).<br /> <br /> <br /> China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #1858.<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic1.jpg|center|frame|Image of the small Dragon Robe. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic2.png|center|frame|Sampling of colored threads. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> <br /> == Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==<br /> <br /> The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [1]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.<br /> <br /> <br /> An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> HPLC-MS analysis shows several common dyes were used to dye the Qing dynasty object. Bright yellow threads (part A) were dyed with pagoda tree buds due to the fact that a big peak corresponding to rutin is seen in HPLC profile of the yellow dye. Safflower was identified in red threads (part B), along with ''Phellodendron spp'', which is in good agreement with a dyeing recipe recorded in Tian Gong Kai Wu (Explotation of the Works of Nature, written by Song Yingxin in 1637). Indigo can be used not only to produce a blue color (part C), but also to produce various green colors by overdyeing with pagoda tree buds (part E) or Phellodendron spp.,(part F) Purple threads (part D) were dyed with a mixture of sappanwood and indigo.<br /> <br /> == HPLC profile ==<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 A.JPG|center|frame| Sample A Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 B.JPG|center|frame| Sample B Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 C.JPG|center|frame| Sample C Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 2703 compounds.PNG|center|frame| Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] [1] Xu X. Studies of samite with birds from Tibetan Tombs in Dulan of Qinghai. China Tibetology 1996; 1: 3-26. <br /> <br /> [2] Richard A. Laursen and Chika Mouri &quot;Decomposition and analysis of cathamin in safflower-dyed textiles&quot;, e-Preservation Science 2013, 10, 35-37.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=File:CNSM_1858_C.JPG&diff=61791 File:CNSM 1858 C.JPG 2018-01-18T16:22:57Z <p>Zhang: CNSM 1858, Sample C, HPLC profile, By Jian Liu.</p> <hr /> <div>CNSM 1858, Sample C, HPLC profile, By Jian Liu.</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=CNSM_1858,_Small_Dragon_Robe,_China_(Qing_Dynasty,_1644-1911_CE)&diff=61790 CNSM 1858, Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE) 2018-01-18T16:21:11Z <p>Zhang: /* HPLC profile */</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE).<br /> Height: 94 cm<br /> Width: 136 cm <br /> <br /> Exisiting dragon robes are far from rare. This one however, really is, due to its small size.<br /> The dragon motifs are exquisitely worked on a yellow silk ground with gold couching technique while polychrome silk threads are used for clouds, bats and flowers. The most plausible explanation for a dragon robe of this size is that it is tailored specially to fit a child emperor. (depicted by Yan Xue, translated by Huiwei Shen).<br /> <br /> <br /> China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #1858.<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic1.jpg|center|frame|Image of the small Dragon Robe. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic2.png|center|frame|Sampling of colored threads. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> <br /> == Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==<br /> <br /> The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [1]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.<br /> <br /> <br /> An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> HPLC-MS analysis shows several common dyes were used to dye the Qing dynasty object. Bright yellow threads (part A) were dyed with pagoda tree buds due to the fact that a big peak corresponding to rutin is seen in HPLC profile of the yellow dye. Safflower was identified in red threads (part B), along with ''Phellodendron spp'', which is in good agreement with a dyeing recipe recorded in Tian Gong Kai Wu (Explotation of the Works of Nature, written by Song Yingxin in 1637). Indigo can be used not only to produce a blue color (part C), but also to produce various green colors by overdyeing with pagoda tree buds (part E) or Phellodendron spp.,(part F) Purple threads (part D) were dyed with a mixture of sappanwood and indigo.<br /> <br /> == HPLC profile ==<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 A.JPG|center|frame| Sample A Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 B.JPG|center|frame| Sample B Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 2703 compounds.PNG|center|frame| Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] [1] Xu X. Studies of samite with birds from Tibetan Tombs in Dulan of Qinghai. China Tibetology 1996; 1: 3-26. <br /> <br /> [2] Richard A. Laursen and Chika Mouri &quot;Decomposition and analysis of cathamin in safflower-dyed textiles&quot;, e-Preservation Science 2013, 10, 35-37.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=File:CNSM_1858_B.JPG&diff=61789 File:CNSM 1858 B.JPG 2018-01-18T16:20:22Z <p>Zhang: CNSM 1858, sample B, By Jian Liu.</p> <hr /> <div>CNSM 1858, sample B, By Jian Liu.</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=CNSM_1858,_Small_Dragon_Robe,_China_(Qing_Dynasty,_1644-1911_CE)&diff=61788 CNSM 1858, Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE) 2018-01-18T16:19:48Z <p>Zhang: /* HPLC profile */</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE).<br /> Height: 94 cm<br /> Width: 136 cm <br /> <br /> Exisiting dragon robes are far from rare. This one however, really is, due to its small size.<br /> The dragon motifs are exquisitely worked on a yellow silk ground with gold couching technique while polychrome silk threads are used for clouds, bats and flowers. The most plausible explanation for a dragon robe of this size is that it is tailored specially to fit a child emperor. (depicted by Yan Xue, translated by Huiwei Shen).<br /> <br /> <br /> China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #1858.<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic1.jpg|center|frame|Image of the small Dragon Robe. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic2.png|center|frame|Sampling of colored threads. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> <br /> == Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==<br /> <br /> The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [1]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.<br /> <br /> <br /> An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> HPLC-MS analysis shows several common dyes were used to dye the Qing dynasty object. Bright yellow threads (part A) were dyed with pagoda tree buds due to the fact that a big peak corresponding to rutin is seen in HPLC profile of the yellow dye. Safflower was identified in red threads (part B), along with ''Phellodendron spp'', which is in good agreement with a dyeing recipe recorded in Tian Gong Kai Wu (Explotation of the Works of Nature, written by Song Yingxin in 1637). Indigo can be used not only to produce a blue color (part C), but also to produce various green colors by overdyeing with pagoda tree buds (part E) or Phellodendron spp.,(part F) Purple threads (part D) were dyed with a mixture of sappanwood and indigo.<br /> <br /> == HPLC profile ==<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 A.JPG|center|frame| Sample A Absorbance at 350nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 2703 compounds.PNG|center|frame| Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] [1] Xu X. Studies of samite with birds from Tibetan Tombs in Dulan of Qinghai. China Tibetology 1996; 1: 3-26. <br /> <br /> [2] Richard A. Laursen and Chika Mouri &quot;Decomposition and analysis of cathamin in safflower-dyed textiles&quot;, e-Preservation Science 2013, 10, 35-37.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=File:CNSM_1858_A.JPG&diff=61787 File:CNSM 1858 A.JPG 2018-01-18T16:19:06Z <p>Zhang: CNSM 1858, sample A, By Jian Liu.</p> <hr /> <div>CNSM 1858, sample A, By Jian Liu.</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=CNSM_1858,_Small_Dragon_Robe,_China_(Qing_Dynasty,_1644-1911_CE)&diff=61786 CNSM 1858, Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE) 2018-01-18T16:06:47Z <p>Zhang: /* Summary of results */</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE).<br /> Height: 94 cm<br /> Width: 136 cm <br /> <br /> Exisiting dragon robes are far from rare. This one however, really is, due to its small size.<br /> The dragon motifs are exquisitely worked on a yellow silk ground with gold couching technique while polychrome silk threads are used for clouds, bats and flowers. The most plausible explanation for a dragon robe of this size is that it is tailored specially to fit a child emperor. (depicted by Yan Xue, translated by Huiwei Shen).<br /> <br /> <br /> China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #1858.<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic1.jpg|center|frame|Image of the small Dragon Robe. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic2.png|center|frame|Sampling of colored threads. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> <br /> == Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==<br /> <br /> The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [1]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.<br /> <br /> <br /> An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> HPLC-MS analysis shows several common dyes were used to dye the Qing dynasty object. Bright yellow threads (part A) were dyed with pagoda tree buds due to the fact that a big peak corresponding to rutin is seen in HPLC profile of the yellow dye. Safflower was identified in red threads (part B), along with ''Phellodendron spp'', which is in good agreement with a dyeing recipe recorded in Tian Gong Kai Wu (Explotation of the Works of Nature, written by Song Yingxin in 1637). Indigo can be used not only to produce a blue color (part C), but also to produce various green colors by overdyeing with pagoda tree buds (part E) or Phellodendron spp.,(part F) Purple threads (part D) were dyed with a mixture of sappanwood and indigo.<br /> <br /> == HPLC profile ==<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 2703 HPLC small.PNG|center|frame| Absorbance at 450nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 2703 compounds.PNG|center|frame| Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] [1] Xu X. Studies of samite with birds from Tibetan Tombs in Dulan of Qinghai. China Tibetology 1996; 1: 3-26. <br /> <br /> [2] Richard A. Laursen and Chika Mouri &quot;Decomposition and analysis of cathamin in safflower-dyed textiles&quot;, e-Preservation Science 2013, 10, 35-37.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=CNSM_1858,_Small_Dragon_Robe,_China_(Qing_Dynasty,_1644-1911_CE)&diff=61785 CNSM 1858, Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE) 2018-01-18T16:05:08Z <p>Zhang: /* Artifact Information */</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE).<br /> Height: 94 cm<br /> Width: 136 cm <br /> <br /> Exisiting dragon robes are far from rare. This one however, really is, due to its small size.<br /> The dragon motifs are exquisitely worked on a yellow silk ground with gold couching technique while polychrome silk threads are used for clouds, bats and flowers. The most plausible explanation for a dragon robe of this size is that it is tailored specially to fit a child emperor. (depicted by Yan Xue, translated by Huiwei Shen).<br /> <br /> <br /> China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #1858.<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic1.jpg|center|frame|Image of the small Dragon Robe. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic2.png|center|frame|Sampling of colored threads. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> <br /> == Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==<br /> <br /> The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [1]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.<br /> <br /> <br /> An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> A mixture of carmine scale insects, lac and madder was identified for red dye. Crimson dye contained tannins, carminic acid, alizarin and purpurin. Blue dye was obtained from indigo plant.<br /> <br /> ''Editor's note'': The identification of carminic acid and usage of multiple red dye sources in one pieces was quite unique. The author is open to further discussion and would like to do collaborative work with institutions that have done similar research or have access to similar objects. <br /> <br /> == HPLC profile ==<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 2703 HPLC small.PNG|center|frame| Absorbance at 450nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 2703 compounds.PNG|center|frame| Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] [1] Xu X. Studies of samite with birds from Tibetan Tombs in Dulan of Qinghai. China Tibetology 1996; 1: 3-26. <br /> <br /> [2] Richard A. Laursen and Chika Mouri &quot;Decomposition and analysis of cathamin in safflower-dyed textiles&quot;, e-Preservation Science 2013, 10, 35-37.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=File:CNSM_1858_pic2.png&diff=61784 File:CNSM 1858 pic2.png 2018-01-18T16:04:20Z <p>Zhang: CNSM 1858, Small dragon robe. From Jian Liu, Chinese National Silk Museum. Jan 2018.</p> <hr /> <div>CNSM 1858, Small dragon robe. From Jian Liu, Chinese National Silk Museum. Jan 2018.</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=CNSM_1858,_Small_Dragon_Robe,_China_(Qing_Dynasty,_1644-1911_CE)&diff=61783 CNSM 1858, Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE) 2018-01-18T16:03:17Z <p>Zhang: </p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE).<br /> Height: 94 cm<br /> Width: 136 cm <br /> <br /> Exisiting dragon robes are far from rare. This one however, really is, due to its small size.<br /> The dragon motifs are exquisitely worked on a yellow silk ground with gold couching technique while polychrome silk threads are used for clouds, bats and flowers. The most plausible explanation for a dragon robe of this size is that it is tailored specially to fit a child emperor. (depicted by Yan Xue, translated by Huiwei Shen).<br /> <br /> <br /> China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #1858.<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic1.jpg|center|frame|Image of the small Dragon Robe. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic1.jpg|center|frame|Image of the small Dragon Robe. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> <br /> == Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==<br /> <br /> The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [1]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.<br /> <br /> <br /> An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> A mixture of carmine scale insects, lac and madder was identified for red dye. Crimson dye contained tannins, carminic acid, alizarin and purpurin. Blue dye was obtained from indigo plant.<br /> <br /> ''Editor's note'': The identification of carminic acid and usage of multiple red dye sources in one pieces was quite unique. The author is open to further discussion and would like to do collaborative work with institutions that have done similar research or have access to similar objects. <br /> <br /> == HPLC profile ==<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 2703 HPLC small.PNG|center|frame| Absorbance at 450nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 2703 compounds.PNG|center|frame| Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] [1] Xu X. Studies of samite with birds from Tibetan Tombs in Dulan of Qinghai. China Tibetology 1996; 1: 3-26. <br /> <br /> [2] Richard A. Laursen and Chika Mouri &quot;Decomposition and analysis of cathamin in safflower-dyed textiles&quot;, e-Preservation Science 2013, 10, 35-37.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=CNSM_1858,_Small_Dragon_Robe,_China_(Qing_Dynasty,_1644-1911_CE)&diff=61782 CNSM 1858, Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE) 2018-01-18T16:02:32Z <p>Zhang: /* Artifact Information */</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE).<br /> Height: 94 cm<br /> Width: 136 cm <br /> <br /> Exisiting dragon robes are far from rare. This one however, really is, due to its small size.<br /> The dragon motifs are exquisitely worked on a yellow silk ground with gold couching technique while polychrome silk threads are used for clouds, bats and flowers. The most plausible explanation for a dragon robe of this size is that it is tailored specially to fit a child emperor. (depicted by Yan Xue, translated by Huiwei Shen).<br /> <br /> <br /> China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #1858.<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 1858 pic1.jpg|center|frame|Image of the small Dragon Robe. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> <br /> == Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==<br /> <br /> The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [1]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.<br /> <br /> <br /> An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> A mixture of carmine scale insects, lac and madder was identified for red dye. Crimson dye contained tannins, carminic acid, alizarin and purpurin. Blue dye was obtained from indigo plant.<br /> <br /> ''Editor's note'': The identification of carminic acid and usage of multiple red dye sources in one pieces was quite unique. The author is open to further discussion and would like to do collaborative work with institutions that have done similar research or have access to similar objects. <br /> <br /> == HPLC profile ==<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 2703 HPLC small.PNG|center|frame| Absorbance at 450nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 2703 compounds.PNG|center|frame| Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] [1] Xu X. Studies of samite with birds from Tibetan Tombs in Dulan of Qinghai. China Tibetology 1996; 1: 3-26. <br /> <br /> [2] Richard A. Laursen and Chika Mouri &quot;Decomposition and analysis of cathamin in safflower-dyed textiles&quot;, e-Preservation Science 2013, 10, 35-37.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=File:CNSM_1858_pic1.jpg&diff=61781 File:CNSM 1858 pic1.jpg 2018-01-18T16:01:40Z <p>Zhang: CNSM 1858, From Jian Liu.</p> <hr /> <div>CNSM 1858, From Jian Liu.</div> Zhang https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=CNSM_1858,_Small_Dragon_Robe,_China_(Qing_Dynasty,_1644-1911_CE)&diff=61780 CNSM 1858, Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE) 2018-01-18T15:58:15Z <p>Zhang: Created page with &quot;== Artifact Information == Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE). Height: 94 cm Width: 136 cm Exisiting dragon robes are far from rare. This one however, re...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>== Artifact Information ==<br /> <br /> Small Dragon Robe, China (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 CE).<br /> Height: 94 cm<br /> Width: 136 cm <br /> <br /> Exisiting dragon robes are far from rare. This one however, really is, due to its small size.<br /> The dragon motifs are exquisitely worked on a yellow silk ground with gold couching technique while polychrome silk threads are used for clouds, bats and flowers. The most plausible explanation for a dragon robe of this size is that it is tailored specially to fit a child emperor. (depicted by Yan Xue, translated by Huiwei Shen).<br /> <br /> <br /> China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #1858.<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 2703.jpg|center|frame|Image of the samite fragment. © China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China ]]<br /> <br /> == Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==<br /> <br /> The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [1]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.<br /> <br /> <br /> An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Summary of results ==<br /> <br /> A mixture of carmine scale insects, lac and madder was identified for red dye. Crimson dye contained tannins, carminic acid, alizarin and purpurin. Blue dye was obtained from indigo plant.<br /> <br /> ''Editor's note'': The identification of carminic acid and usage of multiple red dye sources in one pieces was quite unique. The author is open to further discussion and would like to do collaborative work with institutions that have done similar research or have access to similar objects. <br /> <br /> == HPLC profile ==<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 2703 HPLC small.PNG|center|frame| Absorbance at 450nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> [[File:CNSM 2703 compounds.PNG|center|frame| Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] [1] Xu X. Studies of samite with birds from Tibetan Tombs in Dulan of Qinghai. China Tibetology 1996; 1: 3-26. <br /> <br /> [2] Richard A. Laursen and Chika Mouri &quot;Decomposition and analysis of cathamin in safflower-dyed textiles&quot;, e-Preservation Science 2013, 10, 35-37.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Dye Analysis]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Textiles]]</div> Zhang