Asphaltum - Revision history

MDerrick at 17:57, 14 August 2020

2020-08-14T17:57:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:57, 14 August 2020
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	[[File:1993.775-SC31053.jpg\|thumb\|]]		[[File:1993.775-SC31053.jpg\|thumb\|Mexican effigy<br>1993.775]]
	== Description ==		== Description ==

MDerrick at 19:00, 11 August 2020

2020-08-11T19:00:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:00, 11 August 2020
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	1) An old name for [[asphalt\|asphalt]] generally used prior to the 1800s.		1) An old name for [[asphalt\|asphalt]] generally used prior to the 1800s.

	2) In the 17th and 18th centuries, the term asphaltum also referred to a transparent brown, [[asphalt\|asphalt]]-based pigment used in [[watercolor%20paint\|watercolor]] and [[oil%20paint\|oil paints] for glazes and shadows. The oily material can slow the drying of [[linseed%20oil\|linseed oil]] producing a soft film. With time, asphaltum in dried oil films can result in the movement or disfigurement of the film as well as [[~~allligator~~%20crack\|~~allligator~~ cracks]]. Asphaltum was sold commercially as a transparent brown artist pigment under the name bitumen (Gettens and Stout 1966).		2) In the 17th and 18th centuries, the term asphaltum also referred to a transparent brown, [[asphalt\|asphalt]]-based pigment used in [[watercolor%20paint\|watercolor]] and [[oil%20paint\|oil paints] for glazes and shadows. The oily material can slow the drying of [[linseed%20oil\|linseed oil]] producing a soft film. With time, asphaltum in dried oil films can result in the movement or disfigurement of the film as well as [[alligator%20crack\|alligator cracks]]. Asphaltum was sold commercially as a transparent brown artist pigment under the name bitumen (Gettens and Stout 1966).

	== Synonyms and Related Terms ==		== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
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	[[[SliderGallery rightalign\|Asphaltum, Forbes Raw Materials.TIF~FTIR]]]		[[[SliderGallery rightalign\|Asphaltum, Forbes Raw Materials.TIF~FTIR]]]

	== ~~Other~~ Properties ==		== Risks ==

			Combustible. Softens at slightly elevated temperatures.

			Ages poorly in dried oil films resulting in movement, disfigurement and/or cracks.
			== Physical and Chemical Properties ==

	Soluble in petroleum hydrocarbons, turpentine, and most organic solvents. Partially soluble in oils.		Soluble in petroleum hydrocarbons, turpentine, and most organic solvents. Partially soluble in oils.

	Microscopic ID: amorphous, brown particles with conchoidal fracture and/or curved particle boundaries. RI < 1.662. Isotropic in crossed polars.		Microscopic ID: amorphous, brown particles with conchoidal fracture and/or curved particle boundaries. RI < 1.662. Isotropic in crossed polars.

	~~== Hazards and Safety ==~~

	~~Combustible. Softens at slightly elevated temperatures.~~

	~~Ages poorly in dried oil films resulting in movement, disfigurement and/or cracks.~~

	== Additional Images ==		== Additional Images ==
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	== ~~Additional Information~~ ==		== Resources and Citations ==

	° R.White "Brown and Black Organic Glazes, Pigments and Paints" ''National Gallery Technical Bulletin'', 10:58-71, 1986. ° R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966

	~~== Sources Checked for Data in Record ==~~		* R.White "Brown and Black Organic Glazes, Pigments and Paints" ''National Gallery Technical Bulletin'', 10:58-71, 1986. ° R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966

	* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966		* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966

EMysak at 13:19, 25 October 2019

2019-10-25T13:19:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:19, 25 October 2019
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	2) bitumen; Antwerp brown; asphalt paint; Asphalt (Deut.); asfalto (Port.); asphalte (Fr.); asfalto (Esp.); asfaltos (Gr.); alfalto (It.); bitume (It.); asfalt (Ned.); asfalto (Port.)		2) bitumen; Antwerp brown; asphalt paint; Asphalt (Deut.); asfalto (Port.); asphalte (Fr.); asfalto (Esp.); asfaltos (Gr.); alfalto (It.); bitume (It.); asfalt (Ned.); asfalto (Port.)

	[[[SliderGallery rightalign\|~~MFA-~~ Asphaltum.~~jpg~~~FTIR]]]		[[[SliderGallery rightalign\|Asphaltum, Forbes Raw Materials.TIF~FTIR]]]

	== Other Properties ==		== Other Properties ==

KMoffitt: added microscopic ID info and PLM images and reference info

2017-09-27T19:36:18Z

added microscopic ID info and PLM images and reference info

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:36, 27 September 2017
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	Soluble in petroleum hydrocarbons, turpentine, and most organic solvents. Partially soluble in oils.		Soluble in petroleum hydrocarbons, turpentine, and most organic solvents. Partially soluble in oils.

			Microscopic ID: amorphous, brown particles with conchoidal fracture and/or curved particle boundaries. RI < 1.662. Isotropic in crossed polars.

	== Hazards and Safety ==		== Hazards and Safety ==
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	Ages poorly in dried oil films resulting in movement, disfigurement and/or cracks.		Ages poorly in dried oil films resulting in movement, disfigurement and/or cracks.

			== Additional Images ==

			<gallery>

			File:Asphaltum PPL 200x.jpg\|Asphaltum, PPL, 200x
			File:Asphaltum XPL 200x.jpg\|Asphaltum, XPL, 200x

			</gallery>


	== Additional Information ==		== Additional Information ==
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	* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000		* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000

			* Eastaugh, N. et al. ''The Pigment Compendium, a Dictionary and Optical Microscopy of Historical Pigments'', Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008.

	[[Category:Materials database]]		[[Category:Materials database]]

Jruggiero: Text replace - "== Authority ==" to "== Sources Checked for Data in Record =="

2016-04-29T18:54:45Z

Text replace - "== Authority ==" to "== Sources Checked for Data in Record =="

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:54, 29 April 2016
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	° R.White "Brown and Black Organic Glazes, Pigments and Paints" ''National Gallery Technical Bulletin'', 10:58-71, 1986. ° R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966		° R.White "Brown and Black Organic Glazes, Pigments and Paints" ''National Gallery Technical Bulletin'', 10:58-71, 1986. ° R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966

	== ~~Authority~~ ==		== Sources Checked for Data in Record ==

	* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966		* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966

GEthier: /* Description */

2014-01-08T15:12:07Z

Description

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:12, 8 January 2014
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	== Description ==		== Description ==

	1) An old name for [~~http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=~~asphalt asphalt] generally used prior to the 1800s.		1) An old name for [[asphalt\|asphalt]] generally used prior to the 1800s.

	2) In the 17th and 18th centuries, the term asphaltum also referred to a transparent brown, [~~http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=~~asphalt asphalt]-based pigment used in [~~http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=~~watercolor%20paint watercolor] and [~~http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=~~oil%20paint oil paints] for glazes and shadows. The oily material can slow the drying of [~~http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=~~linseed%20oil linseed oil] producing a soft film. With time, asphaltum in dried oil films can result in the movement or disfigurement of the film as well as [~~http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=~~allligator%20crack allligator cracks]. Asphaltum was sold commercially as a transparent brown artist pigment under the name bitumen (Gettens and Stout 1966).		2) In the 17th and 18th centuries, the term asphaltum also referred to a transparent brown, [[asphalt\|asphalt]]-based pigment used in [[watercolor%20paint\|watercolor]] and [[oil%20paint\|oil paints] for glazes and shadows. The oily material can slow the drying of [[linseed%20oil\|linseed oil]] producing a soft film. With time, asphaltum in dried oil films can result in the movement or disfigurement of the film as well as [[allligator%20crack\|allligator cracks]]. Asphaltum was sold commercially as a transparent brown artist pigment under the name bitumen (Gettens and Stout 1966).

	== Synonyms and Related Terms ==		== Synonyms and Related Terms ==

Unknown user at 12:48, 24 July 2013

2013-07-24T12:48:44Z

Unknown user at 18:25, 27 April 2013

2013-04-27T18:25:08Z

New page

[[File:1993.775-SC31053.jpg|thumb|]]
== Description ==

1) An old name for [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=asphalt asphalt] generally used prior to the 1800s.

2) In the 17th and 18th centuries, the term asphaltum also referred to a transparent brown, [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=asphalt asphalt]-based pigment used in [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=watercolor paint watercolor] and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=oil paint oil paints] for glazes and shadows. The oily material can slow the drying of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=linseed oil linseed oil] producing a soft film. With time, asphaltum in dried oil films can result in the movement or disfigurement of the film as well as [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=allligator crack allligator cracks]. Asphaltum was sold commercially as a transparent brown artist pigment under the name bitumen (Gettens and Stout 1966).

== Synonyms and Related Terms ==

2) bitumen; Antwerp brown; asphalt paint; Asphalt (Deut.); asfalto (Port.); asphalte (Fr.); asfalto (Esp.); asfaltos (Gr.); alfalto (It.); bitume (It.); asfalt (Ned.); asfalto (Port.)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|MFA- Asphaltum.jpg~FTIR]]]

== Other Properties ==

Soluble in petroleum hydrocarbons, turpentine, and most organic solvents. Partially soluble in oils.

== Hazards and Safety ==

Combustible. Softens at slightly elevated temperatures.

Ages poorly in dried oil films resulting in movement, disfigurement and/or cracks.

== Additional Information ==

R.White "Brown and Black Organic Glazes, Pigments and Paints" ''National Gallery Technical Bulletin'', 10:58-71, 1986. R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966

== Authority ==

* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966

* Ralph Mayer, Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)

* Susan E. Schur, Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, ''Technology and Conservation'', Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985

* R.D. Harley, R.D. Harley, ''Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835'', Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982

* ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996

* Thomas B. Brill, Thomas B. Brill, ''Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities'', Plenum Press, New York City, 1980

* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000

[[Category:Materials database]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:48, 24 July 2013
Line 4:		Line 4:
	1) An old name for [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=asphalt asphalt] generally used prior to the 1800s.		1) An old name for [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=asphalt asphalt] generally used prior to the 1800s.

	2) In the 17th and 18th centuries, the term asphaltum also referred to a transparent brown, [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=asphalt asphalt]-based pigment used in [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=watercolor ~~paint~~ watercolor] and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=oil ~~paint~~ oil paints] for glazes and shadows. The oily material can slow the drying of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=linseed ~~oil~~ linseed oil] producing a soft film. With time, asphaltum in dried oil films can result in the movement or disfigurement of the film as well as [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=allligator ~~crack~~ allligator cracks]. Asphaltum was sold commercially as a transparent brown artist pigment under the name bitumen (Gettens and Stout 1966).		2) In the 17th and 18th centuries, the term asphaltum also referred to a transparent brown, [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=asphalt asphalt]-based pigment used in [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=watercolor%20paint watercolor] and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=oil%20paint oil paints] for glazes and shadows. The oily material can slow the drying of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=linseed%20oil linseed oil] producing a soft film. With time, asphaltum in dried oil films can result in the movement or disfigurement of the film as well as [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=allligator%20crack allligator cracks]. Asphaltum was sold commercially as a transparent brown artist pigment under the name bitumen (Gettens and Stout 1966).

	== Synonyms and Related Terms ==		== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Line 24:		Line 24:
	== Additional Information ==		== Additional Information ==

	R.White "Brown and Black Organic Glazes, Pigments and Paints" ''National Gallery Technical Bulletin'', 10:58-71, 1986. R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966		° R.White "Brown and Black Organic Glazes, Pigments and Paints" ''National Gallery Technical Bulletin'', 10:58-71, 1986. ° R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966

	== Authority ==		== Authority ==

	* ~~R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout,~~ R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966		* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966

	* ~~Ralph Mayer,~~ Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)		* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)

	* ~~Susan E. Schur,~~ Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, ''Technology and Conservation'', Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985		* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, ''Technology and Conservation'', Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985

	* ~~R.D. Harley,~~ R.D. Harley, ''Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835'', Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982		* R.D. Harley, ''Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835'', Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982

	* ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996		* ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996

	* ~~Thomas B. Brill,~~ Thomas B. Brill, ''Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities'', Plenum Press, New York City, 1980		* Thomas B. Brill, ''Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities'', Plenum Press, New York City, 1980

	* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000		* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000