Beta radiography - Revision history

MDerrick at 15:43, 29 October 2020

2020-10-29T15:43:26Z

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	bêtagraphie (Fr.); Betaradiographie (Deut.); radiografia por particulas beta (Port.)		bêtagraphie (Fr.); Betaradiographie (Deut.); radiografia por particulas beta (Port.)

	== ~~Additional Information~~ ==		== Resources and Citations ==

	* D.P. Erastov, The beta-radiographic technique of reproducing watermarks found in documents, Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. - Laboratory for the techniques for restoring and preserving documents and books, Leningrad, Collected Works for 1958, in Russian		* D.P. Erastov, The beta-radiographic technique of reproducing watermarks found in documents, Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. - Laboratory for the techniques for restoring and preserving documents and books, Leningrad, Collected Works for 1958, in Russian
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	* J. E. Brown, R. Mulholland, "Using microfocus x-radiography and other techniques to create a digital watermark database." In book. Works of art on paper: books, documents and photographs: techniques and conservation: contributions to the Baltimore Congress, 2-6 September 2002. International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, V. Daniels, A. Donnithorne, and P. Smith, Editors, 2002.		* J. E. Brown, R. Mulholland, "Using microfocus x-radiography and other techniques to create a digital watermark database." In book. Works of art on paper: books, documents and photographs: techniques and conservation: contributions to the Baltimore Congress, 2-6 September 2002. International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, V. Daniels, A. Donnithorne, and P. Smith, Editors, 2002.

	~~== Sources Checked for Data in Record ==~~

	* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971		* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971

	* ~~External source or communication Comment:~~ Jean-Louis Boutaine, 20/06/2007		* Jean-Louis Boutaine, Contributions, 20/06/2007

	* ''A Glossary of Paper Conservation Terms'', Margaret Ellis (ed.), Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York City, 1998		* ''A Glossary of Paper Conservation Terms'', Margaret Ellis (ed.), Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York City, 1998

	* External source or communication Comment: Jean-Louis Boutaine, 20/06/2007



	[[Category:Materials database]]		[[Category:Materials database]]

MDerrick: /* Sources Checked for Data in Record */

2020-05-20T22:14:23Z

Sources Checked for Data in Record

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	* External source or communication Comment: Jean-Louis Boutaine, 20/06/2007		* External source or communication Comment: Jean-Louis Boutaine, 20/06/2007

	* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971



	[[Category:Materials database]]		[[Category:Materials database]]

Jruggiero: Text replace - "== Authority ==" to "== Sources Checked for Data in Record =="

2016-04-29T19:05:17Z

Text replace - "== Authority ==" to "== Sources Checked for Data in Record =="

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	* J. E. Brown, R. Mulholland, "Using microfocus x-radiography and other techniques to create a digital watermark database." In book. Works of art on paper: books, documents and photographs: techniques and conservation: contributions to the Baltimore Congress, 2-6 September 2002. International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, V. Daniels, A. Donnithorne, and P. Smith, Editors, 2002.		* J. E. Brown, R. Mulholland, "Using microfocus x-radiography and other techniques to create a digital watermark database." In book. Works of art on paper: books, documents and photographs: techniques and conservation: contributions to the Baltimore Congress, 2-6 September 2002. International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, V. Daniels, A. Donnithorne, and P. Smith, Editors, 2002.

	== ~~Authority~~ ==		== Sources Checked for Data in Record ==

	* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971		* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971

JLBoutaine: /* Additional Information */

2013-12-16T16:29:04Z

Additional Information

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	* D. Kushel, Radiographic methods used in the recording of structure and watermarks in historic papers, in: F. W. Robinson, Fresh woods and pastures, Seventeenth-Century Dutch landscape drawings from the Peck Collection, S. 117–140, Chapel Hill (1999)		* D. Kushel, Radiographic methods used in the recording of structure and watermarks in historic papers, in: F. W. Robinson, Fresh woods and pastures, Seventeenth-Century Dutch landscape drawings from the Peck Collection, S. 117–140, Chapel Hill (1999)

	° J. E. Brown, R. Mulholland, "Using microfocus x-radiography and other techniques to create a digital watermark database." In book. Works of art on paper: books, documents and photographs: techniques and conservation: contributions to the Baltimore Congress, 2-6 September 2002. International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, V. Daniels, A. Donnithorne, and P. Smith, Editors, 2002.		* J. E. Brown, R. Mulholland, "Using microfocus x-radiography and other techniques to create a digital watermark database." In book. Works of art on paper: books, documents and photographs: techniques and conservation: contributions to the Baltimore Congress, 2-6 September 2002. International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, V. Daniels, A. Donnithorne, and P. Smith, Editors, 2002.

	== Authority ==		== Authority ==

JLBoutaine: /* Additional Information */

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Additional Information

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	* D. Schnitger, E. Ziesche, Elektronenradiographie von Wasserzeichen, Proc. Symposium Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Kunstwerken Berlin (19-20/11/1987) DGZfP Berlin		* D. Schnitger, E. Ziesche, Elektronenradiographie von Wasserzeichen, Proc. Symposium Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Kunstwerken Berlin (19-20/11/1987) DGZfP Berlin

	° H.Tomimasu, D.Kim, P.Luner, M.Suk, "Comparison of Four Paper Imaging techniques: Beta Radiography, Electrography, Light Transmission and Soft X-radiography" TAPPI Journal, 74(7):165-175, 1991.		* H.Tomimasu, D.Kim, P.Luner, M.Suk, "Comparison of Four Paper Imaging techniques: Beta Radiography, Electrography, Light Transmission and Soft X-radiography" TAPPI Journal, 74(7):165-175, 1991.

	* C. Bustarret, L'histoire du papier appliquée à l'étude des manuscrits modernes : la base de données PROFIL, IPH Congress Book , 10 (1994) 39-43		* C. Bustarret, L'histoire du papier appliquée à l'étude des manuscrits modernes : la base de données PROFIL, IPH Congress Book , 10 (1994) 39-43

JLBoutaine: /* Additional Information */

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Additional Information

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 == Additional Information ==
-° D.Kushel, "Radiographic Methods Used in the Recording of Structure and   Watermarks in Historic Papers"° H.Tomimasu, D.Kim, P.Luner, M.Suk, "Comparison   of Four Paper Imaging techniques: Beta Radiography, Electrography, Light   Transmission and Soft X-radiography" TAPPI Journal, 74(7):165-175, 1991.°   Jean E. Brown, Richard Mulholland, "Using microfocus x-radiography and other   techniques to create a digital watermark database." In book. Works of art on   paper: books, documents and photographs: techniques and conservation:   contributions to the Baltimore Congress, 2-6 September 2002. International   Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, Daniels, Vincent,   Donnithorne, Alan, and Smith, Perry, Editors, 2002.
+* D.P. Erastov, The beta-radiographic technique of reproducing watermarks found in documents, Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. - Laboratory for the techniques for restoring and preserving documents and books, Leningrad, Collected Works for 1958, in Russian
 == Authority ==

JLBoutaine at 20:14, 15 August 2013

2013-08-15T20:14:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:14, 15 August 2013
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	A radiographic technique that uses a plane beta source to produce an image on a radiographic film. Since 1967, beta radiography has used a source plate composed of a thin polymethacrylate sheet labeled with radioactive carbon-14. This isotope emits pure beta particles of low energy (150 keV), which can penetrate a maximum of 10 inches of air, 0.3 mm of skin or a sheet of paper (Kushel). The technique is performed by first layering a sheet of film, emulsion side up, then the paper to be examine, covered with the beta plate. A glass weight or vacuum is applied to press the layers together and minimize air gaps which deteriorate the image quality. The image corresponds to the mass per unit area of the paper or material being examined. Thin layers of organic ink or paint usually do not appear on the radiograph but mineral ink or paint absorb the beta particles and so appear on the radiograph. Beta radiography produces high quality and high contrast images of watermarks and other texture characteristics of paper.		A radiographic technique that uses a plane beta source to produce an image on a radiographic film. Since 1967, beta radiography has used a source plate composed of a thin polymethacrylate sheet labeled with radioactive carbon-14. This isotope emits pure beta particles of low energy (150 keV), which can penetrate a maximum of 10 inches of air, 0.3 mm of skin or a sheet of paper (Kushel). The technique is performed by first layering a sheet of film, emulsion side up, then the paper to be examine, covered with the beta plate. A glass weight or vacuum is applied to press the layers together and minimize air gaps which deteriorate the image quality. The image corresponds to the mass per unit area of the paper or material being examined. Thin layers of organic ink or paint usually do not appear on the radiograph but mineral ink or paint absorb the beta particles and so appear on the radiograph. Beta radiography produces high quality and high contrast images of watermarks and other texture characteristics of paper.
			Due to legal issues concerning the use of radioactive sources, electron transmission radiography is a possible substitution technique.

	== Synonyms and Related Terms ==		== Synonyms and Related Terms ==

Unknown user at 12:22, 24 July 2013

2013-07-24T12:22:21Z

New page

[[File:Antique_Laid_Paper_beta_radiog.jpg|thumb|Antique Laid Paper with Straubourg Lily Watermark]]
== Description ==

A radiographic technique that uses a plane beta source to produce an image on a radiographic film. Since 1967, beta radiography has used a source plate composed of a thin polymethacrylate sheet labeled with radioactive carbon-14. This isotope emits pure beta particles of low energy (150 keV), which can penetrate a maximum of 10 inches of air, 0.3 mm of skin or a sheet of paper (Kushel). The technique is performed by first layering a sheet of film, emulsion side up, then the paper to be examine, covered with the beta plate. A glass weight or vacuum is applied to press the layers together and minimize air gaps which deteriorate the image quality. The image corresponds to the mass per unit area of the paper or material being examined. Thin layers of organic ink or paint usually do not appear on the radiograph but mineral ink or paint absorb the beta particles and so appear on the radiograph. Beta radiography produces high quality and high contrast images of watermarks and other texture characteristics of paper.

== Synonyms and Related Terms ==

bêtagraphie (Fr.); Betaradiographie (Deut.); radiografia por particulas beta (Port.)

== Additional Information ==

° D.Kushel, "Radiographic Methods Used in the Recording of Structure and Watermarks in Historic Papers"° H.Tomimasu, D.Kim, P.Luner, M.Suk, "Comparison of Four Paper Imaging techniques: Beta Radiography, Electrography, Light Transmission and Soft X-radiography" TAPPI Journal, 74(7):165-175, 1991.° Jean E. Brown, Richard Mulholland, "Using microfocus x-radiography and other techniques to create a digital watermark database." In book. Works of art on paper: books, documents and photographs: techniques and conservation: contributions to the Baltimore Congress, 2-6 September 2002. International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, Daniels, Vincent, Donnithorne, Alan, and Smith, Perry, Editors, 2002.

== Authority ==

* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971

* External source or communication Comment: Jean-Louis Boutaine, 20/06/2007

* ''A Glossary of Paper Conservation Terms'', Margaret Ellis (ed.), Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York City, 1998

* External source or communication Comment: Jean-Louis Boutaine, 20/06/2007

* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971

[[Category:Materials database]]