Hematite - Revision history

MDerrick at 19:43, 24 January 2023

2023-01-24T19:43:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:43, 24 January 2023
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	[[File:1972.1172b-SC37892.jpg\|thumb\|Maya vessel<br>MFA# 1972.1172]]		[[File:1972.1172b-SC37892.jpg\|thumb\|Maya vessel<br>MFA# 1972.1172]]

	== Synonyms and Related Terms ==		== Synonyms and Related Terms ==

	iron (III) oxide; haematite (Br.); Hämatit (Deut.); Blutstein (Deut.); Eisenglanz (Deut.); Specularit (Deut.); Iserin (Deut.); Roteisenstein (Deut.); Roteisenerz (Deut.); hematites (Esp.); hématite (Fr.); hematiet (Ned.); hemtyt (Pol); hematite (Port.); iron sesquioxide; red iron ore; bloodstone; iron oxide red; red iron oxide; ferric oxide, red ocher; black diamond; iron rose; kidney ore; martite; paint ore; specularite		iron (III) oxide; haematite (Br.); Hämatit (Deut.); Blutstein (Deut.); Eisenglanz (Deut.); Specularit (Deut.); Iserin (Deut.); Roteisenstein (Deut.); Roteisenerz (Deut.); hematites (Esp.); hématite (Fr.); hematiet (Ned.); hemtyt (Pol); hematite (Port.); iron sesquioxide; red iron ore; bloodstone; iron oxide red; red iron oxide; ferric oxide, red ocher; black diamond; iron rose; kidney ore; martite; paint ore; specularite

	[[[SliderGallery rightalign\|Hematite crystals, large (Forbes MFA 70) 50X resize.tif~Raman (MFA)\|PIG72.jpg~XRD (MFA)\|fkhaemsem.jpg~SEM (MFA)\|fkhaemedsbw.jpg~EDS (MFA)\|hematite.jpg~Chemical structure]]]		[[[SliderGallery rightalign\|Hematite crystals, large (Forbes MFA 70) 50X resize.tif~Raman (MFA)\|PIG72.jpg~XRD (MFA)\|fkhaemsem.jpg~SEM (MFA)\|fkhaemedsbw.jpg~EDS (MFA)\|hematite.jpg~Chemical structure]]]

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	== Physical and Chemical Properties ==		== Physical and Chemical Properties ==

	* ~~Hexagonal~~ crystal ~~systems~~ with granular crystals.		* Trigonal crystal system with thick granular or tabular crystals
	* ~~No cleavage planes.~~		* Cleavage = none
	* Fracture = uneven to splintery.		* Fracture = uneven to splintery
	* Luster = metallic.		* Luster = metallic
	* Streak = dark red to cherry red.		* Streak = dark red to cherry red
			* Fluorescence = inert

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
Line 48:		Line 47:
	! scope="row"\| Refractive Index		! scope="row"\| Refractive Index
	\| 2.78; 3.01		\| 2.78; 3.01
			\|-
			! scope="row"\| Birefringence
			\| 0.280 (usually not detectable)
	\|}		\|}

MDerrick: /* Resources and Citations */

2023-01-24T19:40:14Z

Resources and Citations

MDerrick at 16:30, 9 December 2022

2022-12-09T16:30:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:30, 9 December 2022
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	iron (III) oxide; haematite (Br.); Hämatit (Deut.); Blutstein (Deut.); Eisenglanz (Deut.); Specularit (Deut.); Iserin (Deut.); Roteisenstein (Deut.); Roteisenerz (Deut.); hematites (Esp.); hématite (Fr.); hematiet (Ned.); hemtyt (Pol); hematite (Port.); iron sesquioxide; red iron ore; bloodstone; iron oxide red; red iron oxide; ferric oxide, red ocher; black diamond; iron rose; kidney ore; martite; paint ore; specularite		iron (III) oxide; haematite (Br.); Hämatit (Deut.); Blutstein (Deut.); Eisenglanz (Deut.); Specularit (Deut.); Iserin (Deut.); Roteisenstein (Deut.); Roteisenerz (Deut.); hematites (Esp.); hématite (Fr.); hematiet (Ned.); hemtyt (Pol); hematite (Port.); iron sesquioxide; red iron ore; bloodstone; iron oxide red; red iron oxide; ferric oxide, red ocher; black diamond; iron rose; kidney ore; martite; paint ore; specularite

	[[[SliderGallery rightalign\|Hematite crystals, large (Forbes MFA 70) 50X resize.tif~Raman (MFA)\|PIG72.jpg~XRD\|fkhaemsem.jpg~SEM\|fkhaemedsbw.jpg~EDS\|hematite.jpg~Chemical structure]]]		[[[SliderGallery rightalign\|Hematite crystals, large (Forbes MFA 70) 50X resize.tif~Raman (MFA)\|PIG72.jpg~XRD (MFA)\|fkhaemsem.jpg~SEM (MFA)\|fkhaemedsbw.jpg~EDS (MFA)\|hematite.jpg~Chemical structure]]]

	== Risks ==		== Risks ==

MDerrick at 19:24, 31 August 2022

2022-08-31T19:24:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:24, 31 August 2022
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	[[File:Hematiteballs141112.jpg\|thumb\| Hematite Balls MFA# 14.1112]]		[[File:Hematiteballs141112.jpg\|thumb\|Hematite Balls<br>MFA# 14.1112]]
	[[File:93.1483-20-24.jpg\|thumb\|MFA #93.1483]]		[[File:93.1483-20-24.jpg\|thumb\|Cylinder seal<br>MFA# 93.1483]]
	== Description ==		== Description ==

	A metallic black-gray or dark red mineral primarily composed of [[ferric oxide\|iron oxide]]. Hematite is commonly found throughout the world. The primary source for hematite is a sedimentary deposit in the Lake Superior district in North America. Other deposits include Brazil (Minas Gerais), Venezuela (Cerro Bolívar) and Canada (Labrador, Quebec). Hematite physically occurs in many forms: specular ore (steel gray color, shiny crystals); micaceous hematite (gray, scaly flakes), [[red ocher]] (soft, fine-grain, red powder); kidney ore (massive, gray botryoidal form), and pencil ore (gray, fibrous crystals). Because hematite has a high [[iron]] content (70%), it is primarily used for smelting iron. Hematite has been used since ancient times as a red pigment in paints and glazes. It was also used for seals, beads, and small carvings since the early 3rd millineum. Hematite is still used as a paint pigment. It is also used in [[jewelers' rouge]] for polishing glass. Hematite can be used to produce the sparkle in [[aventurine]] ceramic glazes.		A metallic black-gray or dark red mineral primarily composed of [[ferric oxide\|iron oxide]]. Hematite is commonly found throughout the world. The primary source for hematite is a sedimentary deposit in the Lake Superior district in North America. Other deposits include Brazil (Minas Gerais), Venezuela (Cerro Bolívar) and Canada (Labrador, Quebec). Hematite physically occurs in many forms: specular ore (steel gray color, shiny crystals); micaceous hematite (gray, scaly flakes), [[red ocher]] (soft, fine-grain, red powder); kidney ore (massive, gray botryoidal form), and pencil ore (gray, fibrous crystals). Because hematite has a high [[iron]] content (70%), it is primarily used for smelting iron. Hematite has been used since ancient times as a red pigment in paints and glazes. It was also used for seals, beads, and small carvings since the early 3rd millineum. Hematite is still used as a paint pigment. It is also used in [[jewelers' rouge]] for polishing glass. Hematite can be used to produce the sparkle in [[aventurine]] ceramic glazes.

	[[File:1972.1172b-SC37892.jpg\|thumb\|]]		[[File:1972.1172b-SC37892.jpg\|thumb\|Maya vessel<br>MFA# 1972.1172]]

	== Synonyms and Related Terms ==		== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
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	[[[SliderGallery rightalign\|Hematite crystals, large (Forbes MFA 70) 50X resize.tif~Raman (MFA)\|PIG72.jpg~XRD\|fkhaemsem.jpg~SEM\|fkhaemedsbw.jpg~EDS\|hematite.jpg~Chemical structure]]]		[[[SliderGallery rightalign\|Hematite crystals, large (Forbes MFA 70) 50X resize.tif~Raman (MFA)\|PIG72.jpg~XRD\|fkhaemsem.jpg~SEM\|fkhaemedsbw.jpg~EDS\|hematite.jpg~Chemical structure]]]

	== ~~Other Properties~~ ==		== Risks ==

	~~Hexagonal crystal systems with granular crystals~~. ~~No cleavage planes~~.		* Noncombustible. No significant hazards.
			* Fisher Scientific: [https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/00795.htm MSDS]

	Fracture = uneven to splintery. Luster = metallic. Streak = dark red to cherry red.		== Physical and Chemical Properties ==

			* Hexagonal crystal systems with granular crystals.
			* No cleavage planes.
			* Fracture = uneven to splintery.
			* Luster = metallic.
			* Streak = dark red to cherry red.

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\|-		\|-
	! scope="row"\| Melting Point		! scope="row"\| Melting Point
	\| 2849		\| 2849 C
	\|-		\|-
	! scope="row"\| Density		! scope="row"\| Density
	\| 4.2-5.3		\| 4.2-5.3 g/ml
	\|-		\|-
	! scope="row"\| Molecular Weight		! scope="row"\| Molecular Weight
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	\| 2.78; 3.01		\| 2.78; 3.01
	\|}		\|}

	~~== Hazards and Safety ==~~

	~~Noncombustible. No significant hazards.~~

	~~Fisher Scientific: [https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/00795.htm MSDS]~~

	~~== Additional Information ==~~

	~~° Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Hematite.shtml Hematite]~~

	== Comparisons ==		== Comparisons ==
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	</gallery>		</gallery>

			==Resources and Citations==
			* Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Hematite.shtml Hematite]

	~~== Sources Checked for Data in Record ==~~		* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: hematite" [Accessed December 11, 2001].

	* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: hematite" ~~Encyclopædia Britannica~~ [Accessed December 11, 2001].

	* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966		* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966
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	* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979		* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979

	* Wikipedia~~, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com Comment~~: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematite (Accessed Sept. 7, 2005)		* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematite (Accessed Sept. 7, 2005)

	* Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979		* Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979

MDerrick: /* Comparisons */

2020-05-30T18:18:13Z

Comparisons

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:18, 30 May 2020
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	== Comparisons ==		== Comparisons ==

	[[media:~~download_file_213~~.pdf\|Properties of Common Abrasives]]		[[media:download_file_200.pdf\|Properties of Common Abrasives]]



	== Additional Images ==		== Additional Images ==

MDerrick at 18:36, 20 April 2020

2020-04-20T18:36:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:36, 20 April 2020
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	[[File:93.1483-20-24.jpg\|thumb\|]]		[[File:Hematiteballs141112.jpg\|thumb\| Hematite Balls MFA# 14.1112]]
			[[File:93.1483-20-24.jpg\|thumb\|MFA #93.1483]]
	== Description ==		== Description ==

EMysak at 02:30, 5 November 2019

2019-11-05T02:30:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:30, 4 November 2019
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	iron (III) oxide; haematite (Br.); Hämatit (Deut.); Blutstein (Deut.); Eisenglanz (Deut.); Specularit (Deut.); Iserin (Deut.); Roteisenstein (Deut.); Roteisenerz (Deut.); hematites (Esp.); hématite (Fr.); hematiet (Ned.); hemtyt (Pol); hematite (Port.); iron sesquioxide; red iron ore; bloodstone; iron oxide red; red iron oxide; ferric oxide, red ocher; black diamond; iron rose; kidney ore; martite; paint ore; specularite		iron (III) oxide; haematite (Br.); Hämatit (Deut.); Blutstein (Deut.); Eisenglanz (Deut.); Specularit (Deut.); Iserin (Deut.); Roteisenstein (Deut.); Roteisenerz (Deut.); hematites (Esp.); hématite (Fr.); hematiet (Ned.); hemtyt (Pol); hematite (Port.); iron sesquioxide; red iron ore; bloodstone; iron oxide red; red iron oxide; ferric oxide, red ocher; black diamond; iron rose; kidney ore; martite; paint ore; specularite

	[[[SliderGallery rightalign\|~~hematiteitaly3~~.~~jpg~~~Raman\|PIG72.jpg~XRD\|fkhaemsem.jpg~SEM\|fkhaemedsbw.jpg~EDS\|hematite.jpg~Chemical structure]]]		[[[SliderGallery rightalign\|Hematite crystals, large (Forbes MFA 70) 50X resize.tif~Raman (MFA)\|PIG72.jpg~XRD\|fkhaemsem.jpg~SEM\|fkhaemedsbw.jpg~EDS\|hematite.jpg~Chemical structure]]]

	== Other Properties ==		== Other Properties ==

Jruggiero: Text replace - "== Authority ==" to "== Sources Checked for Data in Record =="

2016-05-01T11:10:26Z

Text replace - "== Authority ==" to "== Sources Checked for Data in Record =="

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:10, 1 May 2016
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	== ~~Authority~~ ==		== Sources Checked for Data in Record ==

	* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: hematite" Encyclopædia Britannica [Accessed December 11, 2001].		* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: hematite" Encyclopædia Britannica [Accessed December 11, 2001].

GEthier: /* Description */

2014-01-16T16:47:53Z

Description

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:47, 16 January 2014
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	== Description ==		== Description ==

	A metallic black-gray or dark red mineral primarily composed of [~~http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=~~ferric~~%20oxide~~ iron oxide]. Hematite is commonly found throughout the world. The primary source for hematite is a sedimentary deposit in the Lake Superior district in North America. Other deposits include Brazil (Minas Gerais), Venezuela (Cerro Bolívar) and Canada (Labrador, Quebec). Hematite physically occurs in many forms: specular ore (steel gray color, shiny crystals); micaceous hematite (gray, scaly flakes), [~~http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=red%20ocher~~ red ocher] (soft, fine-grain, red powder); kidney ore (massive, gray botryoidal form), and pencil ore (gray, fibrous crystals). Because hematite has a high [~~http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=iron~~ iron] content (70%), it is primarily used for smelting iron. Hematite has been used since ancient times as a red pigment in paints and glazes. It was also used for seals, beads, and small carvings since the early 3rd millineum. Hematite is still used as a paint pigment. It is also used in [~~http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=jewelers%27%20rouge~~ jewelers' rouge] for polishing glass. Hematite can be used to produce the sparkle in [~~http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=aventurine~~ aventurine] ceramic glazes.		A metallic black-gray or dark red mineral primarily composed of [[ferric oxide\|iron oxide]]. Hematite is commonly found throughout the world. The primary source for hematite is a sedimentary deposit in the Lake Superior district in North America. Other deposits include Brazil (Minas Gerais), Venezuela (Cerro Bolívar) and Canada (Labrador, Quebec). Hematite physically occurs in many forms: specular ore (steel gray color, shiny crystals); micaceous hematite (gray, scaly flakes), [[red ocher]] (soft, fine-grain, red powder); kidney ore (massive, gray botryoidal form), and pencil ore (gray, fibrous crystals). Because hematite has a high [[iron]] content (70%), it is primarily used for smelting iron. Hematite has been used since ancient times as a red pigment in paints and glazes. It was also used for seals, beads, and small carvings since the early 3rd millineum. Hematite is still used as a paint pigment. It is also used in [[jewelers' rouge]] for polishing glass. Hematite can be used to produce the sparkle in [[aventurine]] ceramic glazes.

	[[File:1972.1172b-SC37892.jpg\|thumb\|]]		[[File:1972.1172b-SC37892.jpg\|thumb\|]]

	== Synonyms and Related Terms ==		== Synonyms and Related Terms ==

Unknown user at 12:41, 24 July 2013

2013-07-24T12:41:10Z

New page

[[File:93.1483-20-24.jpg|thumb|]]
== Description ==

A metallic black-gray or dark red mineral primarily composed of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=ferric%20oxide iron oxide]. Hematite is commonly found throughout the world. The primary source for hematite is a sedimentary deposit in the Lake Superior district in North America. Other deposits include Brazil (Minas Gerais), Venezuela (Cerro Bolívar) and Canada (Labrador, Quebec). Hematite physically occurs in many forms: specular ore (steel gray color, shiny crystals); micaceous hematite (gray, scaly flakes), [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=red%20ocher red ocher] (soft, fine-grain, red powder); kidney ore (massive, gray botryoidal form), and pencil ore (gray, fibrous crystals). Because hematite has a high [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=iron iron] content (70%), it is primarily used for smelting iron. Hematite has been used since ancient times as a red pigment in paints and glazes. It was also used for seals, beads, and small carvings since the early 3rd millineum. Hematite is still used as a paint pigment. It is also used in [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=jewelers%27%20rouge jewelers' rouge] for polishing glass. Hematite can be used to produce the sparkle in [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=aventurine aventurine] ceramic glazes.

[[File:1972.1172b-SC37892.jpg|thumb|]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==

iron (III) oxide; haematite (Br.); Hämatit (Deut.); Blutstein (Deut.); Eisenglanz (Deut.); Specularit (Deut.); Iserin (Deut.); Roteisenstein (Deut.); Roteisenerz (Deut.); hematites (Esp.); hématite (Fr.); hematiet (Ned.); hemtyt (Pol); hematite (Port.); iron sesquioxide; red iron ore; bloodstone; iron oxide red; red iron oxide; ferric oxide, red ocher; black diamond; iron rose; kidney ore; martite; paint ore; specularite

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|hematiteitaly3.jpg~Raman|PIG72.jpg~XRD|fkhaemsem.jpg~SEM|fkhaemedsbw.jpg~EDS|hematite.jpg~Chemical structure]]]

== Other Properties ==

Hexagonal crystal systems with granular crystals. No cleavage planes.

Fracture = uneven to splintery. Luster = metallic. Streak = dark red to cherry red.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="row"| Composition
| Fe2O3
|-
! scope="row"| CAS
| 1309-37-1; 1317-60-8
|-
! scope="row"| Mohs Hardness
| 5.5 - 6.5
|-
! scope="row"| Melting Point
| 2849
|-
! scope="row"| Density
| 4.2-5.3
|-
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
| mol. wt. = 159.6922
|-
! scope="row"| Refractive Index
| 2.78; 3.01
|}

== Hazards and Safety ==

Noncombustible. No significant hazards.

Fisher Scientific: [https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/00795.htm MSDS]

== Additional Information ==

° Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Hematite.shtml Hematite]

== Comparisons ==

[[media:download_file_213.pdf|Properties of Common Abrasives]]

== Additional Images ==

<gallery>
File:Hematiteemr1.jpg|Hematite
File:Hematiteemr2.jpg|Hematite
File:6869 hematite_2up.jpg|Hematite
File:hematite C100x.jpg|hematite
File:24_Hematite_200X.jpg|Hematite
File:24_Hematite_200X_R.jpg|Hematite
File:24_Hematite_200X_pol.jpg|Hematite
</gallery>

== Authority ==

* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: hematite" Encyclopædia Britannica [Accessed December 11, 2001].

* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966

* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)

* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979

* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematite (Accessed Sept. 7, 2005)

* Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979

* Jack Odgen, ''Jewellery of the Ancient World'', Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982

* George Savage, ''Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook'', Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954

* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976

* Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997

* A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, ''Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries'', Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962

* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998

* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993

* ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=4.9-5.3

[[Category:Materials database]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:40, 24 January 2023
Line 68:		Line 68:
	==Resources and Citations==		==Resources and Citations==
	* Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Hematite.shtml Hematite]		* Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Hematite.shtml Hematite]
			* Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
	* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: hematite" [Accessed December 11, 2001].		* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: hematite" [Accessed December 11, 2001].

	* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966		* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966

	* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)		* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)

	* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979		* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
			* Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematite Hematite] (Accessed Sept. 7, 2005 and Jn 2023)
	* Wikipedia: ~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematite (Accessed Sept. 7, 2005)

	* Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979		* Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979

	* Jack Odgen, ''Jewellery of the Ancient World'', Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982		* Jack Odgen, ''Jewellery of the Ancient World'', Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982

	* George Savage, ''Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook'', Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954		* George Savage, ''Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook'', Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954

	* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976		* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976

	* Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997		* Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997

	* A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, ''Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries'', Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962		* A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, ''Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries'', Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962

	* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998		* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998

	* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993		* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993

	* ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=4.9-5.3		* ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=4.9-5.3