Iceland spar - Revision history

MDerrick at 18:47, 4 January 2023

2023-01-04T18:47:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:47, 4 January 2023
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	==Physical and Chemical Properties==		==Physical and Chemical Properties==

			* Trigonal crystal system with granular, stalatitic, massive or rhombohedral crystals
			* Perfect cleavage in three directions
			* Fracture = conchoidal
			* Luster = vitreous to pearly
			* Streak = white
			* Can doubly refract light
			* Fluorescence = aged surfaces of calcite may fluoresce purple or blue in ultraviolet light; freshly cleaved surfaces are white to yellow; may be phosphorescent
			* Reacts with acids to evolve carbon dioxide

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-
	! scope="row"\| Composition		! scope="row"\| Composition
	\| CaCO3		\| CaCO3
			\|-
			! scope="row"\| Mohs Hardness
			\| 3.0
			\|-
			! scope="row"\| Density
			\| 2.71-2.72 g/ml
			\|-
			! scope="row"\| Refractive Index
			\| 1.486; 1.658; (1.566)
			\|-
			! scope="row"\| Birefringence
			\| 0.154 - 0.174 (very high)
	\|}		\|}

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	* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 131		* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 131
			* Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
	* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993		* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
			* Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcite Calcite] (Accessed Sept 2 2005 and Dec 2022) hardness = 3, sp = 2.7
	* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, ''Technology and Conservation'', Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985		* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, ''Technology and Conservation'', Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985

	* Jack Odgen, ''Jewellery of the Ancient World'', Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982		* Jack Odgen, ''Jewellery of the Ancient World'', Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982

	* Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997		* Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997

	* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998		* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998

	* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Iceland Spar." Accessed 25 Apr. 2004.		* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Iceland Spar." Accessed 25 Apr. 2004.

MDerrick at 21:04, 14 September 2022

2022-09-14T21:04:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:04, 14 September 2022
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	Iceland crystal; calcite; espato de Islandia (Esp.); espato de Islândia (Port.); Islandspat (Deut.)		Iceland crystal; calcite; espato de Islandia (Esp.); espato de Islândia (Port.); Islandspat (Deut.)

			==Physical and Chemical Properties==
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-
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	\|}		\|}

	== ~~Sources Checked for Data in Record~~ ==		==Resources and Citations==

	* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 131		* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 131
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	* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998		* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998

	* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Iceland Spar." ~~Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service.~~ 25 Apr. 2004 .		* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Iceland Spar." Accessed 25 Apr. 2004.



	[[Category:Materials database]]		[[Category:Materials database]]

Jruggiero: Text replace - "== Authority ==" to "== Sources Checked for Data in Record =="

2016-05-01T11:31:04Z

Text replace - "== Authority ==" to "== Sources Checked for Data in Record =="

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:31, 1 May 2016
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	\|}		\|}

	== ~~Authority~~ ==		== Sources Checked for Data in Record ==

	* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 131		* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 131

GEthier: /* Description */

2014-01-16T19:20:17Z

Description

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:20, 16 January 2014
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	== Description ==		== Description ==

	Crystalline clear [~~http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=calcite~~ calcite] (calcium carbonate). Iceland spar has been commercially mined from the east coast of Iceland since the 17th century. Its double refraction and perfect cleavage was described by E.Bartholin in 1669. Because of its refracting ability, Iceland spar is used in polarizers (Nicol and Ahrens prisms), polarizing microscopes, and other optical instruments.		Crystalline clear [[calcite]] (calcium carbonate). Iceland spar has been commercially mined from the east coast of Iceland since the 17th century. Its double refraction and perfect cleavage was described by E.Bartholin in 1669. Because of its refracting ability, Iceland spar is used in polarizers (Nicol and Ahrens prisms), polarizing microscopes, and other optical instruments.

	== Synonyms and Related Terms ==		== Synonyms and Related Terms ==

Unknown user at 12:41, 24 July 2013

2013-07-24T12:41:14Z

Unknown user at 18:18, 27 April 2013

2013-04-27T18:18:47Z

New page

[[File:image1_calcspar.jpg|thumb|Iceland Spar]]
== Description ==

Crystalline clear [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=calcite calcite] (calcium carbonate). Iceland spar has been commercially mined from the east coast of Iceland since the 17th century. Its double refraction and perfect cleavage was described by E.Bartholin in 1669. Because of its refracting ability, Iceland spar is used in polarizers (Nicol and Ahrens prisms), polarizing microscopes, and other optical instruments.

== Synonyms and Related Terms ==

Iceland crystal; calcite; espato de Islandia (Esp.); espato de Islndia (Port.); Islandspat (Deut.)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="row"| Composition
| CaCO3
|}

== Authority ==

* G.S.Brady, G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 131

* Richard S. Lewis, Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993

* Susan E. Schur, Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, ''Technology and Conservation'', Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985

* Jack Odgen, Jack Odgen, ''Jewellery of the Ancient World'', Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982

* Random House, Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997

* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998

* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Iceland Spar." Encyclopdia Britannica. 2004. Encyclopdia Britannica Premium Service. 25 Apr. 2004 .

[[Category:Materials database]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:41, 24 July 2013
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	== Synonyms and Related Terms ==		== Synonyms and Related Terms ==

	Iceland crystal; calcite; espato de Islandia (Esp.); espato de ~~Islndia~~ (Port.); Islandspat (Deut.)		Iceland crystal; calcite; espato de Islandia (Esp.); espato de Islândia (Port.); Islandspat (Deut.)

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	== Authority ==		== Authority ==

	* ~~G.S.Brady,~~ G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 131		* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 131

	* ~~Richard S. Lewis,~~ Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993		* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993

	* ~~Susan E. Schur,~~ Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, ''Technology and Conservation'', Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985		* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, ''Technology and Conservation'', Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985

	* ~~Jack Odgen,~~ Jack Odgen, ''Jewellery of the Ancient World'', Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982		* Jack Odgen, ''Jewellery of the Ancient World'', Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982

	* ~~Random House,~~ Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997		* Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997

	* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998		* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998

	* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Iceland Spar." ~~Encyclopdia~~ Britannica. 2004. ~~Encyclopdia~~ Britannica Premium Service. 25 Apr. 2004 .		* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Iceland Spar." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. 25 Apr. 2004 .



	[[Category:Materials database]]		[[Category:Materials database]]