Shellac - Revision history

MDerrick at 20:41, 17 March 2025

2025-03-17T20:41:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:41, 17 March 2025
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	File:X shellac german.jpg\|German shellac		File:X shellac german.jpg\|German shellac
	File:X shellac lemon1.jpg\|Lemon shellac		File:X shellac lemon1.jpg\|Lemon shellac
			File:Shellac varities.png\|Shellac color varieties
	</gallery>		</gallery>

MDerrick at 20:39, 17 March 2025

2025-03-17T20:39:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:39, 17 March 2025
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	<gallery>		<gallery>
	File:Bo.tree_bark.jpg\|thumb\|Bo tree''Ficus religiosa''		File:Bo.tree_bark.jpg\|thumb\|Bo tree or sacred fig, ''Ficus religiosa''
	File:X shellac german.jpg\|German shellac		File:X shellac german.jpg\|German shellac
	File:X shellac lemon1.jpg\|Lemon shellac		File:X shellac lemon1.jpg\|Lemon shellac

MDerrick: /* Physical and Chemical Properties */

2025-03-17T20:38:31Z

Physical and Chemical Properties

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:38, 17 March 2025
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	* Acid number = 48-64		* Acid number = 48-64
	* Autofluoresces orange: shade depends on initial color of shellac		* Autofluoresces orange: shade depends on initial color of shellac
	* Melting Point = ~~115~~-~~120~~ C		* Melting Point = 75-90 C
	* Density = 1.035-1.140 g/ml		* Density = 1.035-1.140 g/ml
	* Refractive Index = 1.516		* Refractive Index = 1.516

MDerrick at 20:35, 17 March 2025

2025-03-17T20:35:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:35, 17 March 2025
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	== Description ==		== Description ==
	[[File:MFA1992203 Shellac.jpg\|thumb\|Shellaced paper<br>MFA# 1992.206]]		[[File:MFA1992203 Shellac.jpg\|thumb\|Shellaced paper<br>MFA# 1992.206]]
	A resinous substance excreted by the female of the lac insect, Laccifer lacca, native to India. The insects primarily deposit lac on the twigs and soft new branches of several varieties of soapberry and acacia trees, such as the sacred fig, ''Ficus religiosa'', found in India, Thailand, Myanmar (Burma), and elsewhere in southeast Asia. Lac was used as early as about 1200 BCE in India. Shellac and [[lac dye]] were imported to Europe in the 17th century. The resin coated twigs, also called sticklac, undergoes several processing steps to extract useful components. The raw lac is washed, heated and drawn out into thin sheets. Once cooled, the shellac is broken into small flakes for sale as flake shellac. The color of shellac ranges from a pale yellow to a deep red. Shellac is soluble in alcohol and is used to obtain the high gloss on French polished furniture. It is also used as a protective coating for plaster molds and casts. In the 19th century, shellac was filled with wood flour and used for molded composition products such as buttons, picture frames, [[daguerreotype]] and [[ambrotype]] cases, and gramophone records. Black pigmented, mineral-filled shellac was used for 78 rpm phonograph records, mirror frames, brooches, and dressing table sets. Shellac was often adulterated with [[rosin]] (Doerner 1934).

	[[File:shellacframevt.jpg\|thumb\|Shellac-based picture frame]]		[[File:shellacframevt.jpg\|thumb\|Shellac-based picture frame]]
			A resinous substance excreted by the female of the lac insect, ''Laccifer lacca'', native to India. The insects primarily deposit lac on the twigs and soft new branches of several varieties of soapberry and acacia trees, such as the sacred fig, ''Ficus religiosa'', found in India, Thailand, Myanmar (Burma), and elsewhere in southeast Asia. Lac was used as early as about 1200 BCE in India. Shellac and [[lac dye]] were imported to Europe in the 17th century. The resin coated twigs, also called sticklac, undergoes several processing steps to extract useful components. The raw lac is washed, heated and drawn out into thin sheets. Once cooled, the shellac is broken into small flakes for sale as flake shellac. The color of shellac ranges from a pale yellow to a deep red. Shellac is soluble in alcohol and is used to obtain the high gloss on French polished furniture. It is also used as a protective coating for plaster molds and casts. In the 19th century, shellac was filled with wood flour and used for molded composition products such as buttons, picture frames, [[daguerreotype]] and [[ambrotype]] cases, and gramophone records. Black pigmented, mineral-filled shellac was used for 78 rpm phonograph records, mirror frames, brooches, and dressing table sets. Shellac was often adulterated with [[rosin]] (Doerner 1934).
			[[[SliderGallery rightalign\|Shellac, Orange, Gettens 100.A17.TIF~FTIR(MFA)]]]
	== Synonyms and Related Terms ==		== Synonyms and Related Terms ==

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	== Risks ==		== Risks ==
	~~[[[SliderGallery rightalign\|Shellac, Orange, Gettens 100.A17.TIF~FTIR(MFA)]]]~~
	Moisture can produce a white haze in a shellac finish.		* Moisture can produce a white haze in a shellac finish.

	== Physical and Chemical Properties ==		== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
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	* Saponification number = 185-213		* Saponification number = 185-213
	* Acid number = 48-64		* Acid number = 48-64

	* Autofluoresces orange: shade depends on initial color of shellac		* Autofluoresces orange: shade depends on initial color of shellac
			* Melting Point = 115-120 C
	~~{\| class="wikitable"~~		* Density = 1.035-1.140 g/ml
	\|-		* Refractive Index = 1.516
	~~! scope="row"\|~~ Melting Point
	\| 115-120 C
	\|-
	~~! scope~~=~~"row"\| Density~~
	\| 1.035-1.140 g/ml
	\|-
	~~! scope="row"\|~~ Refractive Index
	\| 1.516
	\|}

	== Comparisons ==		== Comparisons ==
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	* K.Wehlte, ''The Materials and Techniques of Painting'', Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1975.		* K.Wehlte, ''The Materials and Techniques of Painting'', Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1975.

	* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 705		* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 705

	* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)		* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)

	* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993		* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993

	* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982		* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982

	* ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996		* ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996

	* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8623		* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8623
			* Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellac Shellac] (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006 and March 2025)
	* Wikipedia: ~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellac (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)

	* Pam Hatchfield, ''Pollutants in the Museum Environment'', Archetype Press, London, 2002		* Pam Hatchfield, ''Pollutants in the Museum Environment'', Archetype Press, London, 2002

	* Thomas B. Brill, ''Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities'', Plenum Press, New York City, 1980 Comment: ref. index = 1.516		* Thomas B. Brill, ''Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities'', Plenum Press, New York City, 1980 Comment: ref. index = 1.516

	* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, ''Technology and Conservation'', Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985		* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, ''Technology and Conservation'', Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985

	* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "lac" [Accessed February 6, 2003].		* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "lac" [Accessed February 6, 2003].

	* Website: www.nswpmith.com.au/historyofplastics.html		* Website: www.nswpmith.com.au/historyofplastics.html

	* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000		* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000

MDerrick: /* Physical and Chemical Properties */

2022-05-30T20:51:45Z

Physical and Chemical Properties

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:51, 30 May 2022
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	== Physical and Chemical Properties ==		== Physical and Chemical Properties ==

	Fresh shellac is soluble in ethanol, acetone. Shellac becomes insoluble with age.		* Fresh shellac is soluble in ethanol, acetone. Shellac becomes insoluble with age.
			* Insoluble in water, turpentine or mineral spirit.
			* Iodine number = 10-18
			* Saponification number = 185-213
			* Acid number = 48-64

	~~Insoluble in water, turpentine or mineral spirit.~~		* Autofluoresces orange: shade depends on initial color of shellac

	~~Iodine number = 10-18; Saponification number = 185-213; Acid number = 48-64~~

	Autofluoresces orange: shade depends on initial color of shellac

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-
	! scope="row"\| Melting Point		! scope="row"\| Melting Point
	\| 115-120		\| 115-120 C
	\|-		\|-
	! scope="row"\| Density		! scope="row"\| Density
	\| 1.035-1.140		\| 1.035-1.140 g/ml
	\|-		\|-
	! scope="row"\| Refractive Index		! scope="row"\| Refractive Index

MDerrick: /* Applications */

2020-11-03T17:46:37Z

Applications

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:46, 3 November 2020
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	== Applications ==		== Applications ==
	* Coating		* Coating
			* Natural plastic

	== Risks ==		== Risks ==

MDerrick at 17:46, 3 November 2020

2020-11-03T17:46:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:46, 3 November 2020
Line 11:		Line 11:

	== Applications ==		== Applications ==
	~~[[[SliderGallery rightalign\|Shellac, Orange, Gettens 100.A17.TIF~FTIR(MFA)]]]~~		* Coating

	== Risks ==		== Risks ==
			[[[SliderGallery rightalign\|Shellac, Orange, Gettens 100.A17.TIF~FTIR(MFA)]]]
	Moisture can produce a white haze in a shellac finish.		Moisture can produce a white haze in a shellac finish.

MDerrick at 17:45, 3 November 2020

2020-11-03T17:45:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:45, 3 November 2020
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	[[File:~~Bo.tree_bark~~.jpg\|thumb\|~~Bo tree~~		[[File:MFA1991444 Shellac.jpg\|thumb\|Lacquer base of shellac and red ocher; MFA# 1991.444]]

	~~''Ficus religiosa''~~]]
	== Description ==		== Description ==
			[[File:MFA1992203 Shellac.jpg\|thumb\|Shellaced paper<br>MFA# 1992.206]]
	A resinous substance excreted by the female of the lac insect, Laccifer lacca, native to India. The insects primarily deposit lac on the twigs and soft new branches of several varieties of soapberry and acacia trees, such as the sacred fig, ''Ficus religiosa'', found in India, Thailand, Myanmar (Burma), and elsewhere in southeast Asia. Lac was used as early as about 1200 BCE in India. Shellac and [[lac dye]] were imported to Europe in the 17th century. The resin coated twigs, also called sticklac, undergoes several processing steps to extract useful components. The raw lac is washed, heated and drawn out into thin sheets. Once cooled, the shellac is broken into small flakes for sale as flake shellac. The color of shellac ranges from a pale yellow to a deep red. Shellac is soluble in alcohol and is used to obtain the high gloss on French polished furniture. It is also used as a protective coating for plaster molds and casts. In the 19th century, shellac was filled with wood flour and used for molded composition products such as buttons, picture frames, [[daguerreotype]] and [[ambrotype]] cases, and gramophone records. Black pigmented, mineral-filled shellac was used for 78 rpm phonograph records, mirror frames, brooches, and dressing table sets. Shellac was often adulterated with [[rosin]] (Doerner 1934).		A resinous substance excreted by the female of the lac insect, Laccifer lacca, native to India. The insects primarily deposit lac on the twigs and soft new branches of several varieties of soapberry and acacia trees, such as the sacred fig, ''Ficus religiosa'', found in India, Thailand, Myanmar (Burma), and elsewhere in southeast Asia. Lac was used as early as about 1200 BCE in India. Shellac and [[lac dye]] were imported to Europe in the 17th century. The resin coated twigs, also called sticklac, undergoes several processing steps to extract useful components. The raw lac is washed, heated and drawn out into thin sheets. Once cooled, the shellac is broken into small flakes for sale as flake shellac. The color of shellac ranges from a pale yellow to a deep red. Shellac is soluble in alcohol and is used to obtain the high gloss on French polished furniture. It is also used as a protective coating for plaster molds and casts. In the 19th century, shellac was filled with wood flour and used for molded composition products such as buttons, picture frames, [[daguerreotype]] and [[ambrotype]] cases, and gramophone records. Black pigmented, mineral-filled shellac was used for 78 rpm phonograph records, mirror frames, brooches, and dressing table sets. Shellac was often adulterated with [[rosin]] (Doerner 1934).

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	<gallery>		<gallery>
			File:Bo.tree_bark.jpg\|thumb\|Bo tree''Ficus religiosa''
	File:X shellac german.jpg\|German shellac		File:X shellac german.jpg\|German shellac
	File:X shellac lemon1.jpg\|Lemon shellac		File:X shellac lemon1.jpg\|Lemon shellac

MDerrick at 17:29, 21 August 2020

2020-08-21T17:29:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:29, 21 August 2020
Line 52:		Line 52:
	</gallery>		</gallery>

	== ~~Additional Information~~ ==		== Resources and Citations ==

	° K.Wehlte, ''The Materials and Techniques of Painting'', Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1975.		* K.Wehlte, ''The Materials and Techniques of Painting'', Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1975.

	~~° M.Doerner, ''The Materials of the Artist'', Harcourt, Brace & Company, 1934.~~

	~~== Sources Checked for Data in Record ==~~

	* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 705		* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 705
Line 72:		Line 68:
	* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8623		* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8623

	* Wikipedia~~, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com Comment~~: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellac (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)		* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellac (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)

	* Pam Hatchfield, ''Pollutants in the Museum Environment'', Archetype Press, London, 2002		* Pam Hatchfield, ''Pollutants in the Museum Environment'', Archetype Press, London, 2002
Line 80:		Line 76:
	* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, ''Technology and Conservation'', Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985		* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, ''Technology and Conservation'', Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985

	* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "lac" ~~Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service.~~ [Accessed February 6, 2003].		* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "lac" [Accessed February 6, 2003].

	* Website ~~address 1 Comment~~: www.nswpmith.com.au/historyofplastics.html		* Website: www.nswpmith.com.au/historyofplastics.html

	* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000		* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000

EMysak at 01:00, 19 June 2020

2020-06-19T01:00:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:00, 18 June 2020
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	== Applications ==		== Applications ==
	[[[SliderGallery rightalign\|~~MFA-~~ Shellac.~~jpg~~~FTIR]]]		[[[SliderGallery rightalign\|Shellac, Orange, Gettens 100.A17.TIF~FTIR(MFA)]]]

	== Risks ==		== Risks ==