Watermark - Revision history

MDerrick at 16:57, 25 March 2025

2025-03-25T16:57:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:57, 25 March 2025
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	==Resources and Citations==		==Resources and Citations==
	* [http://leocode.org LeoCode]: a working compendium of watermarks in the Codex Arundel, Codex Leicester, and other papers of Leonardo da Vinci ,		* [http://leocode.org LeoCode]: a working compendium of watermarks in the Codex Arundel, Codex Leicester, and other papers of Leonardo da Vinci ,

	* R. Allison [http://abacus.bates.edu/Faculty/wmarchive/ The Watermark Archive] (accessed Jan. 6, 2009)		* R. Allison [http://abacus.bates.edu/Faculty/wmarchive/ The Watermark Archive] (accessed Jan. 6, 2009)

	* [http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/viewfile/Main/ProjectExhibitions@filename=bernstein_2009_book_en.pdf The Bernstein project]: The History of Paper and Watermarks from the Middle Ages to the Modern Period		* [http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/viewfile/Main/ProjectExhibitions@filename=bernstein_2009_book_en.pdf The Bernstein project]: The History of Paper and Watermarks from the Middle Ages to the Modern Period

	* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)		* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)

	* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982		* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982

	* Silvie Turner, ''Which Paper?'', Design Press, New York, 1991 Comment: ' .. credited to the Italian papermakers at Fabriano .. papermaking was established there around 1268 and fourteen years later the first watermark, a very rough cross with small circles at each end and a larger one in the middle, appeared ...'		* Silvie Turner, ''Which Paper?'', Design Press, New York, 1991 Comment: ' .. credited to the Italian papermakers at Fabriano .. papermaking was established there around 1268 and fourteen years later the first watermark, a very rough cross with small circles at each end and a larger one in the middle, appeared ...'

	* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "watermark" Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. [Accessed 20 Sept. 2005]. '...existed in Italy before the end of the 13th century'		* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "watermark" Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. [Accessed 20 Sept. 2005]. '...existed in Italy before the end of the 13th century'

	* D. van der Reyden "Identifying the Real Thing" at www.scmre.org/analysis.htm		* D. van der Reyden "Identifying the Real Thing" at www.scmre.org/analysis.htm
			* Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watermark Watermark] (Accessed Sept. 20, 2005 and March 2025) '...were first introduce in Bologna, Italy in 1282;'
	* Wikipedia: ~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watermark (Accessed Sept. 20, 2005) '...were first introduce in Bologna, Italy in 1282;'		* Eric Hebborn, ‘The Art Forger’s Handbook’ The Overlook Press,Woodstock, NY 1997.



	[[Category:Materials database]]		[[Category:Materials database]]

MDerrick at 13:47, 24 April 2022

2022-04-24T13:47:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:47, 24 April 2022
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	* R. Allison [http://abacus.bates.edu/Faculty/wmarchive/ The Watermark Archive] (accessed Jan. 6, 2009)		* R. Allison [http://abacus.bates.edu/Faculty/wmarchive/ The Watermark Archive] (accessed Jan. 6, 2009)

	* ~~The Bernstein project - Bull's Head and Mermaid - The History of Paper and Watermarks from the Middle Ages to the Modern Period -~~		* [http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/viewfile/Main/ProjectExhibitions@filename=bernstein_2009_book_en.pdf The Bernstein project]: The History of Paper and Watermarks from the Middle Ages to the Modern Period
	http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/viewfile/Main/ProjectExhibitions@filename=bernstein_2009_book_en.pdf

	* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)		* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)

MDerrick at 13:45, 24 April 2022

2022-04-24T13:45:04Z

Jruggiero: Text replace - "== Authority ==" to "== Sources Checked for Data in Record =="

2016-05-02T03:59:03Z

Text replace - "== Authority ==" to "== Sources Checked for Data in Record =="

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:59, 1 May 2016
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	http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/viewfile/Main/ProjectExhibitions@filename=bernstein_2009_book_en.pdf		http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/viewfile/Main/ProjectExhibitions@filename=bernstein_2009_book_en.pdf

	== ~~Authority~~ ==		== Sources Checked for Data in Record ==

	* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)		* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)

ALuxner: /* Description */

2014-07-07T19:38:07Z

Description

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:38, 7 July 2014
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	== Description ==		== Description ==

	A distinguishing mark or pattern pressed into a sheet of [[paper]] during its manufacture. Watermarks were first developed about 1282 by Italian papermakers at Fabriano. By the 15th century, most manufacturers were using watermarks to assure quality and authenticity. Now the characteristic patterns provide a method to distinguish paper manufacturers and sometimes date the paper. Watermarks are usually produced by a raised pattern in the paper mold that results in a slightly thinner, more translucent paper in the marked area. More recently, watermarks or shaded marks, were sometimes applied with a dandy roll impression. The dandy roll compresses the fibers in a given region producing an opaque design. Watermark patterns can be seen in [[transmitted light]], [[raking light]], and by low energy [[radiography]] such as soft or [[Grenz radiography]] and [[Beta radiography]] .		A distinguishing mark or pattern pressed into a sheet of [[paper]] during its manufacture. Watermarks were first developed about 1282 by Italian papermakers at Fabriano. By the 15th century, most manufacturers were using watermarks to assure quality and authenticity. Now the characteristic patterns provide a method to distinguish paper manufacturers and sometimes date the paper. Watermarks are usually produced by a raised pattern in the paper mold that results in a slightly thinner, more translucent paper in the marked area. More recently, watermarks or shaded marks, were sometimes applied with a dandy roll impression. The dandy roll compresses the fibers in a given region producing an opaque design. Watermark patterns can be seen in [[transmitted light]], [[raking light]], and by low energy [[radiography]] such as [[soft x-radiography]], [[Grenz radiography]] and [[Beta radiography]] .

	[[File:watermark.jpg\|thumb\|Watermark]]		[[File:watermark.jpg\|thumb\|Watermark]]

ALuxner: /* Description */

2014-07-07T19:34:53Z

Description

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:34, 7 July 2014
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	== Description ==		== Description ==

	A distinguishing mark or pattern pressed into a sheet of [[paper]] during its manufacture. Watermarks were first developed about 1282 by Italian papermakers at Fabriano. By the 15th century, most manufacturers were using watermarks to assure quality and authenticity. Now the characteristic patterns provide a method to distinguish paper manufacturers and sometimes date the paper. Watermarks are usually produced by a raised pattern in the paper mold that results in a slightly thinner, more translucent paper in the marked area. More recently, watermarks or shaded marks, were sometimes applied with a dandy roll impression. The dandy roll compresses the fibers in a given region producing an opaque design. Watermark patterns can be seen in [[transmitted light]], [[raking light]], and by low energy [[radiography]] such ~~a beta~~ or Grenz.		A distinguishing mark or pattern pressed into a sheet of [[paper]] during its manufacture. Watermarks were first developed about 1282 by Italian papermakers at Fabriano. By the 15th century, most manufacturers were using watermarks to assure quality and authenticity. Now the characteristic patterns provide a method to distinguish paper manufacturers and sometimes date the paper. Watermarks are usually produced by a raised pattern in the paper mold that results in a slightly thinner, more translucent paper in the marked area. More recently, watermarks or shaded marks, were sometimes applied with a dandy roll impression. The dandy roll compresses the fibers in a given region producing an opaque design. Watermark patterns can be seen in [[transmitted light]], [[raking light]], and by low energy [[radiography]] such as soft or [[Grenz radiography]] and [[Beta radiography]] .

	[[File:watermark.jpg\|thumb\|Watermark]]		[[File:watermark.jpg\|thumb\|Watermark]]

ALuxner: /* Description */

2014-07-07T19:32:33Z

Description

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:32, 7 July 2014
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	== Description ==		== Description ==

	A distinguishing mark or pattern pressed into a sheet of [~~http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=paper~~ paper] during its manufacture. Watermarks were first developed about 1282 by Italian papermakers at Fabriano. By the 15th century, most manufacturers were using watermarks to assure quality and authenticity. Now the characteristic patterns provide a method to distinguish paper manufacturers and sometimes date the paper. Watermarks are usually produced by a raised pattern in the paper mold that results in a slightly thinner, more translucent paper in the marked area. More recently, watermarks or shaded marks, were sometimes applied with a dandy roll impression. The dandy roll compresses the fibers in a given region producing an opaque design. Watermark patterns can be seen in [~~http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=transmitted%20light~~ transmitted light], [~~http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=raking%20light~~ raking light], and by low energy ([~~http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=~~beta ~~beta]) radiography~~.		A distinguishing mark or pattern pressed into a sheet of [[paper]] during its manufacture. Watermarks were first developed about 1282 by Italian papermakers at Fabriano. By the 15th century, most manufacturers were using watermarks to assure quality and authenticity. Now the characteristic patterns provide a method to distinguish paper manufacturers and sometimes date the paper. Watermarks are usually produced by a raised pattern in the paper mold that results in a slightly thinner, more translucent paper in the marked area. More recently, watermarks or shaded marks, were sometimes applied with a dandy roll impression. The dandy roll compresses the fibers in a given region producing an opaque design. Watermark patterns can be seen in [[transmitted light]], [[raking light]], and by low energy [[radiography]] such a beta or Grenz.

	[[File:watermark.jpg\|thumb\|Watermark]]		[[File:watermark.jpg\|thumb\|Watermark]]

	== Synonyms and Related Terms ==		== Synonyms and Related Terms ==

JLBoutaine: /* Additional Information */

2014-02-05T19:30:10Z

Additional Information

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:30, 5 February 2014
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	== Additional Information ==		== Additional Information ==

	º R. Allison [http://abacus.bates.edu/Faculty/wmarchive/ The Watermark Archive] (accessed Jan. 6, 2009)		* R. Allison [http://abacus.bates.edu/Faculty/wmarchive/ The Watermark Archive] (accessed Jan. 6, 2009)

			* The Bernstein project - Bull's Head and Mermaid - The History of Paper and Watermarks from the Middle Ages to the Modern Period
			http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/viewfile/Main/ProjectExhibitions@filename=bernstein_2009_book_en.pdf

	== Authority ==		== Authority ==

Unknown user at 12:33, 24 July 2013

2013-07-24T12:33:12Z

Unknown user at 18:11, 27 April 2013

2013-04-27T18:11:26Z

New page

[[File:Antique_Laid_Paper_Trans.jpg|thumb|Antique Laid Paper with Straubourg Lily Watermark]]
== Description ==

A distinguishing mark or pattern pressed into a sheet of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=paper paper] during its manufacture. Watermarks were first developed about 1282 by Italian papermakers at Fabriano. By the 15th century, most manufacturers were using watermarks to assure quality and authenticity. Now the characteristic patterns provide a method to distinguish paper manufacturers and sometimes date the paper. Watermarks are usually produced by a raised pattern in the paper mold that results in a slightly thinner, more translucent paper in the marked area. More recently, watermarks or shaded marks, were sometimes applied with a dandy roll impression. The dandy roll compresses the fibers in a given region producing an opaque design. Watermark patterns can be seen in [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=transmitted light transmitted light], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=raking light raking light], and by low energy ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=beta beta]) radiography.

[[File:watermark.jpg|thumb|Watermark]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==

shaded mark; Wasserzeichen (Deut.); filigrane (Fr.); watermerk (Ned.); Znak wodny (Pol.); marca al agua (Esp.)

== Additional Information ==

R. Allison [http://abacus.bates.edu/Faculty/wmarchive/ The Watermark Archive] (accessed Jan. 6, 2009)

== Authority ==

* Ralph Mayer, Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)

* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982

* Silvie Turner, Silvie Turner, ''Which Paper?'', Design Press, New York, 1991 Comment: ' .. credited to the Italian papermakers at Fabriano .. papermaking was established there around 1268 and fourteen years later the first watermark, a very rough cross with small circles at each end and a larger one in the middle, appeared ...'

* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "watermark" Encyclopdia Britannica Premium Service. [Accessed 20 Sept. 2005]. '...existed in Italy before the end of the 13th century'

* Website address 1, Website address 1 Comment: D. van der Reyden "Identifying the Real Thing" at www.scmre.org/analysis.htm

* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watermark (Accessed Sept. 20, 2005) '...were first introduce in Bologna, Italy in 1282;'

[[Category:Materials database]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:45, 24 April 2022
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	shaded mark; Wasserzeichen (Deut.); filigrane (Fr.); watermerk (Ned.); Znak wodny (Pol.); marca al agua (Esp.)		shaded mark; Wasserzeichen (Deut.); filigrane (Fr.); watermerk (Ned.); Znak wodny (Pol.); marca al agua (Esp.)

	== ~~Additional Information~~ ==		==Resources and Citations==
			* [http://leocode.org LeoCode]: a working compendium of watermarks in the Codex Arundel, Codex Leicester, and other papers of Leonardo da Vinci ,

	* R. Allison [http://abacus.bates.edu/Faculty/wmarchive/ The Watermark Archive] (accessed Jan. 6, 2009)		* R. Allison [http://abacus.bates.edu/Faculty/wmarchive/ The Watermark Archive] (accessed Jan. 6, 2009)

	* The Bernstein project - Bull's Head and Mermaid - The History of Paper and Watermarks from the Middle Ages to the Modern Period		* The Bernstein project - Bull's Head and Mermaid - The History of Paper and Watermarks from the Middle Ages to the Modern Period -
	http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/viewfile/Main/ProjectExhibitions@filename=bernstein_2009_book_en.pdf		http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/viewfile/Main/ProjectExhibitions@filename=bernstein_2009_book_en.pdf

	~~== Sources Checked for Data in Record ==~~

	* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)		* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
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	* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "watermark" Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. [Accessed 20 Sept. 2005]. '...existed in Italy before the end of the 13th century'		* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "watermark" Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. [Accessed 20 Sept. 2005]. '...existed in Italy before the end of the 13th century'

	* ~~Website address 1 Comment:~~ D. van der Reyden "Identifying the Real Thing" at www.scmre.org/analysis.htm		* D. van der Reyden "Identifying the Real Thing" at www.scmre.org/analysis.htm

	* Wikipedia~~, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com Comment~~: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watermark (Accessed Sept. 20, 2005) '...were first introduce in Bologna, Italy in 1282;'		* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watermark (Accessed Sept. 20, 2005) '...were first introduce in Bologna, Italy in 1282;'



	[[Category:Materials database]]		[[Category:Materials database]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:33, 24 July 2013
Line 2:		Line 2:
	== Description ==		== Description ==

	A distinguishing mark or pattern pressed into a sheet of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=paper paper] during its manufacture. Watermarks were first developed about 1282 by Italian papermakers at Fabriano. By the 15th century, most manufacturers were using watermarks to assure quality and authenticity. Now the characteristic patterns provide a method to distinguish paper manufacturers and sometimes date the paper. Watermarks are usually produced by a raised pattern in the paper mold that results in a slightly thinner, more translucent paper in the marked area. More recently, watermarks or shaded marks, were sometimes applied with a dandy roll impression. The dandy roll compresses the fibers in a given region producing an opaque design. Watermark patterns can be seen in [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=transmitted ~~light~~ transmitted light], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=raking ~~light~~ raking light], and by low energy ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=beta beta]) radiography.		A distinguishing mark or pattern pressed into a sheet of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=paper paper] during its manufacture. Watermarks were first developed about 1282 by Italian papermakers at Fabriano. By the 15th century, most manufacturers were using watermarks to assure quality and authenticity. Now the characteristic patterns provide a method to distinguish paper manufacturers and sometimes date the paper. Watermarks are usually produced by a raised pattern in the paper mold that results in a slightly thinner, more translucent paper in the marked area. More recently, watermarks or shaded marks, were sometimes applied with a dandy roll impression. The dandy roll compresses the fibers in a given region producing an opaque design. Watermark patterns can be seen in [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=transmitted%20light transmitted light], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=raking%20light raking light], and by low energy ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=beta beta]) radiography.

	[[File:watermark.jpg\|thumb\|Watermark]]		[[File:watermark.jpg\|thumb\|Watermark]]
Line 11:		Line 11:
	== Additional Information ==		== Additional Information ==

	R. Allison [http://abacus.bates.edu/Faculty/wmarchive/ The Watermark Archive] (accessed Jan. 6, 2009)		º R. Allison [http://abacus.bates.edu/Faculty/wmarchive/ The Watermark Archive] (accessed Jan. 6, 2009)

	== Authority ==		== Authority ==

	* ~~Ralph Mayer,~~ Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)		* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)

	* ~~Matt Roberts, Don Etherington,~~ Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982		* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982

	* ~~Silvie Turner,~~ Silvie Turner, ''Which Paper?'', Design Press, New York, 1991 Comment: ' .. credited to the Italian papermakers at Fabriano .. papermaking was established there around 1268 and fourteen years later the first watermark, a very rough cross with small circles at each end and a larger one in the middle, appeared ...'		* Silvie Turner, ''Which Paper?'', Design Press, New York, 1991 Comment: ' .. credited to the Italian papermakers at Fabriano .. papermaking was established there around 1268 and fourteen years later the first watermark, a very rough cross with small circles at each end and a larger one in the middle, appeared ...'

	* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "watermark" ~~Encyclopdia~~ Britannica Premium Service. [Accessed 20 Sept. 2005]. '...existed in Italy before the end of the 13th century'		* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "watermark" Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. [Accessed 20 Sept. 2005]. '...existed in Italy before the end of the 13th century'

	* ~~Website address 1,~~ Website address 1 Comment: D. van der Reyden "Identifying the Real Thing" at www.scmre.org/analysis.htm		* Website address 1 Comment: D. van der Reyden "Identifying the Real Thing" at www.scmre.org/analysis.htm

	* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watermark (Accessed Sept. 20, 2005) '...were first introduce in Bologna, Italy in 1282;'		* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watermark (Accessed Sept. 20, 2005) '...were first introduce in Bologna, Italy in 1282;'