Difference between revisions of "Antimony"

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[[File:2000.708-CR6211-d1.jpg|thumb|'''MFA Acc. #:''' 2000.708]]
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[[File:2000.708-CR6211-d1.jpg|thumb|Tin-glazed earthenware<br>MFA Acc. #: 2000.708]]
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
  
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A bluish-white, brittle metallic element. Antimony occurs in the ores stibnite, kermasite, tetrahedrite, livingstone, and jamisonite. It is mined in China, Mexico, Canada and Bolivia. Antimony, originally called stibium, was first described in 1450 by Tholde (Basil Valentine). As a metal, antimony is hard and shiny but neither malleable or ductile. Antimony does not tarnish in dry air and tarnishes slowly in moist air. Antimony is used in the manufacture of alloys, such as [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=britannia metal britannia metal] and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=babbitt metal babbitt metal]. It is also used for bullets, fireworks and as decorative metal coatings. Antimony has been found in trace amounts in ancient [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=copper copper] and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=lead lead] alloys. Pure antimony can be found in the metallic form and in two allotropic forms, as yellow crystals and as a black powder. The black powder, as well as the orange [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=antimony trisulfide antimony sulfide], was occasionally used as a cosmetic in Egypt from the Amarna period onwards.
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A bluish-white, brittle metallic element. Antimony occurs in the ores stibnite, kermasite, tetrahedrite, livingstone, and jamisonite. It is mined in China, Mexico, Canada and Bolivia. Antimony, originally called stibium, was first described in 1450 by Tholde (Basil Valentine). As a metal, antimony is hard and shiny but neither malleable or ductile. Antimony does not tarnish in dry air and tarnishes slowly in moist air. Antimony is used in the manufacture of alloys, such as [[britannia%20metal|britannia metal]] and [[babbitt%20metal|babbitt metal]]. It is also used for bullets, fireworks and as decorative metal coatings. Antimony has been found in trace amounts in ancient [[copper|copper]] and [[lead|lead]] alloys. Pure antimony can be found in the metallic form and in two allotropic forms, as yellow crystals and as a black powder. The black powder, as well as the orange [[antimony%20trisulfide|antimony sulfide]], was occasionally used as a cosmetic in Egypt from the Amarna period onwards.
  
 
[[File:Stibniteemr2.jpg|thumb|Stibnite]]
 
[[File:Stibniteemr2.jpg|thumb|Stibnite]]
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== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
  
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Sb; stibium; antimoon (Ned.); antimoine (Fr.); Antimon (Ces., Deut., Nor., Sven.); antimonio (It., Esp.); Antimnio (Port.); antimony black; antimony regulus; CI 77050
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Sb; stibium; antimoon (Ned.); antimoine (Fr.); Antimon (Ces., Deut., Nor., Sven.); antimonio (It., Esp.); Antimônio (Port.); antimony black; antimony regulus; CI 77050
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== Risks ==
  
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== Other Properties ==
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Inhalation and contact with dust and fumes can cause irritation. Antimony will react with hydrogen to form highly toxic stibine.
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Combustible.  Black antimony is explosive in air. Salts are highly toxic. 
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ThermoFisher: [https://www.fishersci.com/shop/msdsproxy?productName=AC192450100&productDescription=ANTIMONY+P.A.+POWDER+10GR&catNo=AC19245-0100&vendorId=VN00032119&storeId=10652 SDS]
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== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
  
 
Flame color is blue.   
 
Flame color is blue.   
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|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Melting Point
 
! scope="row"| Melting Point
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| 630.5
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| 630.5 C
 
|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Density
 
! scope="row"| Density
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| 6.62-6.68
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| 6.62-6.68 g/ml
 
|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
 
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
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|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Boiling Point
 
! scope="row"| Boiling Point
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| 1635
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| 1635 C
 
|}
 
|}
  
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== Hazards and Safety ==
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== Resources and Citations ==
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Inhalation and contact with dust and fumes can cause irritation. Antimony will react with hydrogen to form highly toxic stibine.
 
−
 
 
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Combustible.  Black antimony is explosive in air. Salts are highly toxic. 
 
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[http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0775.html International Chemical Safety Card]
 
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== Additional Information ==
 
  
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J. Ogden, "Metals" in ''Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology'', P.Nicholson, I.Shaw (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 149. Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Antimony.shtml Antimony]  Web Elements: [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Sb/key.html Website]
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* J. Ogden, "Metals" in ''Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology'', P.Nicholson, I.Shaw (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 149. ° Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Antimony.shtml Antimony]  
  
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== Authority ==
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* Web Elements: [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Sb/key.html Website]
  
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* Richard S. Lewis, Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
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* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  
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* David C. Scott, David C. Scott, ''Metallography and Microstructure of Ancient and Historic Metals'', The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1991
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* David C. Scott, ''Metallography and Microstructure of Ancient and Historic Metals'', The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1991
  
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* Jack Odgen, Jack Odgen, ''Jewellery of the Ancient World'', Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
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* Jack Odgen, ''Jewellery of the Ancient World'', Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
  
 
* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
 
* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
Line 67: Line 68:
 
* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: "antimony"  [Accessed December 11, 2001].  (BW photo) flame = blue
 
* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: "antimony"  [Accessed December 11, 2001].  (BW photo) flame = blue
  
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* G.S.Brady, G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 63
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* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 63
  
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* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
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* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
  
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* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
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* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
  
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* Random House, Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
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* Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
  
 
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
 
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
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* ''Chemical & Engineering News'', American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 81 (36) , Sept. 8, 2003
 
* ''Chemical & Engineering News'', American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 81 (36) , Sept. 8, 2003
  
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* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com  Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimony (Accessed Mar. 20, 2006)
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* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimony (Accessed Mar. 20, 2006)
  
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* Susan E. Schur, Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, ''Technology and Conservation'', Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
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* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, ''Technology and Conservation'', Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
  
  
  
 
[[Category:Materials database]]
 
[[Category:Materials database]]

Latest revision as of 13:16, 27 April 2022

Tin-glazed earthenware
MFA Acc. #: 2000.708

Description

A bluish-white, brittle metallic element. Antimony occurs in the ores stibnite, kermasite, tetrahedrite, livingstone, and jamisonite. It is mined in China, Mexico, Canada and Bolivia. Antimony, originally called stibium, was first described in 1450 by Tholde (Basil Valentine). As a metal, antimony is hard and shiny but neither malleable or ductile. Antimony does not tarnish in dry air and tarnishes slowly in moist air. Antimony is used in the manufacture of alloys, such as Britannia metal and Babbitt metal. It is also used for bullets, fireworks and as decorative metal coatings. Antimony has been found in trace amounts in ancient Copper and Lead alloys. Pure antimony can be found in the metallic form and in two allotropic forms, as yellow crystals and as a black powder. The black powder, as well as the orange antimony sulfide, was occasionally used as a cosmetic in Egypt from the Amarna period onwards.

Stibnite

Synonyms and Related Terms

Sb; stibium; antimoon (Ned.); antimoine (Fr.); Antimon (Ces., Deut., Nor., Sven.); antimonio (It., Esp.); Antimônio (Port.); antimony black; antimony regulus; CI 77050

Risks

Inhalation and contact with dust and fumes can cause irritation. Antimony will react with hydrogen to form highly toxic stibine.

Combustible. Black antimony is explosive in air. Salts are highly toxic.

ThermoFisher: SDS

Physical and Chemical Properties

Flame color is blue.

Soluble in aqua regia, nitric acid and hot concentrated sulfuric acid. Insoluble in cold, dilute acids.

Hexagonal crystal system. Fracture = uneven; brittle Cleavage = perfect in one direction. Luster = metallic. Streak = tin-white to steel-gray

Composition Sb (atomic no. 51)
CAS 7440-36-0
Mohs Hardness 3.0 - 3.5
Melting Point 630.5 C
Density 6.62-6.68 g/ml
Molecular Weight atomic wt = 121.75
Boiling Point 1635 C

Resources and Citations

  • J. Ogden, "Metals" in Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology, P.Nicholson, I.Shaw (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 149. ° Mineralogy Database: Antimony
  • Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  • David C. Scott, Metallography and Microstructure of Ancient and Historic Metals, The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1991
  • Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
  • Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
  • The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry #733
  • G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 63
  • C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
  • Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
  • Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
  • The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
  • Chemical & Engineering News, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 81 (36) , Sept. 8, 2003
  • Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985

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