Difference between revisions of "Category:Prussian Blue: Ukiyo-e colorant"

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[[File:SC130566.jpg|right|250px|link=https://collections.mfa.org/objects/234428/under-the-wave-off-kanagawa-kanagawaoki-namiura-also-kn?ctx=ed6b9b8b-e830-4c25-9793-ba7646059146&idx=3|Great Wave by Katsushika Hokusai]]
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[[File:SC130566.jpg|right|400px|link=Hokusai, Under the Wave off Kanagawa, also known as the Great Wave, from the series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji, 21.6765|Great Wave by Katsushika Hokusai]]
  
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<font size="3">'''[[Prussian blue]]'''</font> ベロ藍(''bero-ai''): A natural dark blue dye obtained from ''Indigofera tinctoria'' plants native to India, Java, Peru, and other tropical areas. The use of indigo was first mentioned in Indian manuscripts in the 4th century BCE. In Japan, indigo was introduced from China in the 6th century. The dye is obtained from an indigo plant native to Asia, ''Persicaria tinctoria''. Indian indigo was imported at the beginning of the Meiji period (1868).  
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<font size="3">'''[[Prussian blue]]'''</font> ベロ藍 (''bero-ai''): The first modern synthetic pigment, Prussian blue was an accidental discovery made around 1704–6 by chemist Johann Jacob Diesbach with the help of alchemist Johann Conrad Dippel. Composed of ferric ferrocyanide, this synthetically produced pigment yields a vivid blue. Due to its high cost as an import from the West during the 1800s, it was used initially for paintings. By the end of the 1820s, this pigment was produced in China, thus making it affordable for use as a colorant for woodblock printing.
  
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Indigo and dayflower are the two blues used in Japanese woodblock prints until Prussian blue enters the palette in the 1830's. Indigo appears most frequently from the 1740’s onwards as a color mixed with orpiment to produce a variety of greens. As a single colorant, it appears as a comparatively dull blue color. Due to its poor tinting strength, a relatively large amount needs to be used during printing in order to obtain a good saturation of this color. Its texture is somewhat coarse which makes it difficult to execute graduated hues from dark to light. Unlike dayflower, it is stable to moisture but is prone to fading.
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Prussian blue's bright, intense “true blue” color, fine particle size, and high tinting strength soon made it an indispensable addition to the printmaker’s palette, largely supplanting [[:Category:Dayflower: Ukiyo-e colorant|dayflower]] and [[:Category:Indigo: Ukiyo-e colorant|indigo]]. This enabled an even, sharp printing as well as a greater range of tones especially when printing graduated color. It is thought that the introduction of this colorant into the printmaker’s palette stimulated Hokusai and Hiroshige to design the iconic landscape prints for which they are celebrated. Prussian blue is both lightfast and stable to moisture.
  
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'''For more information see:''' [[Prussian blue]]
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'''For additional information see:''' [[Prussian blue]]
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== Examples of Prussian blue in Ukiyo-e Prints ==
 
== Examples of Prussian blue in Ukiyo-e Prints ==
  
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{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%"
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|[[File:dyed indigo.jpg|200px]]
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|[[File:dyed indigo.jpg|200px|link=Eisen, Early Winter: The Day of the Boar in the Tenth Month, from the series Customs of the Four Seasons and Children at Play, 11.25587]]
 
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[[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[Harunobu, Beautiful Women of the Yoshiwara, Applying makeup (MFA 2006.1537.5)|Beauties of the Yoshiwara by Suzuki Harunobu]]
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[[File:Prussian blue FORS.jpg|200px]]<br>[[Eisen, Early Winter: The Day of the Boar in the Tenth Month, from the series Customs of the Four Seasons and Children at Play, 11.25587|Pt : Printed<br>Keisai Eisen, 11.25587]]
 
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{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%"
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|[[File:dyed indigo.jpg|200px]]
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|[[File:21.9254-pt3-detail.png|200px|link=Shigenobu I, Urashima Tarô, from the series A Set of Five Examples of Longevity, 21.9254]]
 
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[[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[Harunobu, Beautiful Women of the Yoshiwara, Applying makeup (MFA 2006.1537.5)|Beauties of the Yoshiwara by Suzuki Harunobu]]
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[[File:Prussian blue FORS.jpg|200px]]<br>[[Shigenobu I, Urashima Tarô, from the series A Set of Five Examples of Longevity, 21.9254|Pt 3: Printed<br>Yanagawa Shigenobu I, 21.9254]]
 
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{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%"
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|[[File:dyed indigo.jpg|200px]]
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|[[File:34.471-pt4-detail.png|200px|link=Kunisada, Young Woman Pointing and Giggling, from the series Types of the Floating World Seen through a Physiognomist's Glass, 34.471]]
 
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[[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[Harunobu, Beautiful Women of the Yoshiwara, Applying makeup (MFA 2006.1537.5)|Beauties of the Yoshiwara by Suzuki Harunobu]]
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[[File:Prussian blue FORS.jpg|200px]]<br>[[Kunisada, Young Woman Pointing and Giggling, from the series Types of the Floating World Seen through a Physiognomist's Glass, 34.471|Pt 4: Printed<br>Utagawa Kunisada, 34.471]]
 
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{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%"
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|[[File:dyed indigo.jpg|200px]]
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|[[File:11.17884-pt1&2-detail.png|200px|link=Eisen, Yoyoyama of the Matsubaya, 11.17884]]
 
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[[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[Harunobu, Beautiful Women of the Yoshiwara, Applying makeup (MFA 2006.1537.5)|Beauties of the Yoshiwara by Suzuki Harunobu]]
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[[File:Prussian blue FORS.jpg|200px]]<br>[[Eisen, Yoyoyama of the Matsubaya, 11.17884|Pt 1 and 2: Printed<br>Keisai Eisen, 11.17884]]
 
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{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%"
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|[[File:dyed indigo.jpg|200px]]
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|[[File:11.17029-pt5-detail.png|200px|link=Hiroshige I, Pine of Success and Oumayagashi, Asakusa River, from the series One Hundred Famous Views of Edo, 11.17029]]
 
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[[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[Harunobu, Beautiful Women of the Yoshiwara, Applying makeup (MFA 2006.1537.5)|Beauties of the Yoshiwara by Suzuki Harunobu]]
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[[File:Prussian blue FORS.jpg|200px]]<br>[[Hiroshige I, Pine of Success and Oumayagashi, Asakusa River, from the series One Hundred Famous Views of Edo, 11.17029|Pt 5: Printed<br>Utagawa Hiroshige I, 11.17029]]
 
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== Analysis ==
 
== Analysis ==
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Fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) can easily identify the three blues: indigo, dayflower, and Prussian blue.
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Fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) can easily identify the three blues: [[:Category:Dayflower: Ukiyo-e colorant|dayflower]], [[:Category:Indigo: Ukiyo-e colorant|indigo]], and Prussian blue.
 
<gallery mode=packed heights=200px style="text-align:left">
 
<gallery mode=packed heights=200px style="text-align:left">
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Indigo FORS.JPG|FORS spectrum of Prussian blue reference
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Dayflower FORS.JPG|<center>FORS spectrum of Dayflower reference</center>
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Indigo FORS.JPG|FORS spectrum of Indigo reference
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Indigo FORS.JPG|<center>FORS spectrum of Indigo reference</center>
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Dayflower FORS.JPG|FORS spectrum of Dayflower reference
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Prussian blue FORS.jpg|<center>FORS spectrum of Prussian blue reference</center>
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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==Other Images of Prussian blue ==  
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==Images of Prussian blue ==  
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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File:Prussianblue C100x.jpg|Prussian blue
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File:448 Prussian blue.jpg|Prussian blue
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File:38_Prussian_blue_500X.jpg|Prussian blue
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File:Prussianblue C100x.jpg|Prussian blue at 100x
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File:38_Prussian_blue_500X.jpg|Prussian blue at 500x
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Prussian blue lumps.jpg|Lumps of Prussian blue, <small>by Takeo City Library</small>|link=https://www.city.takeo.lg.jp/rekisi/kikaku/2012/ao/ao.html
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File:Printed prussian blue.jpg|Printed Prussian blue
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File:NMAH-AHB2017q005536.jpg|Prussian blue, <small>by National Museum of American History</small>|link=https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/nmah_1422878
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File:20462443.jpg|Prussian blue (audio), <small>by Harvard Art Museums</small>|link=https://harvardartmuseums.org/tour/660/slide/11158
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File:UFqWlyorbtU-HD.jpg|Dr. Joe Schwarcz:The origins of Prussian blue (video), <small>by Montreal Gazette</small>|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFqWlyorbtU
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File:GhCghrA8L00-HD.jpg|Prussian Blue -Make it then Paint it (video), <small>by Chem Talk</small>|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhCghrA8L00
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
 
==List of Prints ==
 
==List of Prints ==
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List of prints where indigo was detected
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Below is a list of prints where Prussian blue was detected.
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[[Category:Ukiyo-e Print Colorant Database]]
 

Latest revision as of 10:23, 21 August 2024

Great Wave by Katsushika Hokusai

Prussian blue ベロ藍 (bero-ai): The first modern synthetic pigment, Prussian blue was an accidental discovery made around 1704–6 by chemist Johann Jacob Diesbach with the help of alchemist Johann Conrad Dippel. Composed of ferric ferrocyanide, this synthetically produced pigment yields a vivid blue. Due to its high cost as an import from the West during the 1800s, it was used initially for paintings. By the end of the 1820s, this pigment was produced in China, thus making it affordable for use as a colorant for woodblock printing.

Prussian blue's bright, intense “true blue” color, fine particle size, and high tinting strength soon made it an indispensable addition to the printmaker’s palette, largely supplanting dayflower and indigo. This enabled an even, sharp printing as well as a greater range of tones especially when printing graduated color. It is thought that the introduction of this colorant into the printmaker’s palette stimulated Hokusai and Hiroshige to design the iconic landscape prints for which they are celebrated. Prussian blue is both lightfast and stable to moisture.

For additional information see: Prussian blue

Examples of Prussian blue in Ukiyo-e Prints

Dyed indigo.jpg

Prussian blue FORS.jpg
Pt : Printed
Keisai Eisen, 11.25587

21.9254-pt3-detail.png

Prussian blue FORS.jpg
Pt 3: Printed
Yanagawa Shigenobu I, 21.9254

34.471-pt4-detail.png

Prussian blue FORS.jpg
Pt 4: Printed
Utagawa Kunisada, 34.471

11.17884-pt1&2-detail.png

Prussian blue FORS.jpg
Pt 1 and 2: Printed
Keisai Eisen, 11.17884

11.17029-pt5-detail.png

Prussian blue FORS.jpg
Pt 5: Printed
Utagawa Hiroshige I, 11.17029

Analysis

Fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) can easily identify the three blues: dayflower, indigo, and Prussian blue.

  • FORS spectrum of Dayflower reference
  • FORS spectrum of Indigo reference
  • FORS spectrum of Prussian blue reference

Images of Prussian blue

  • Prussian blue

  • Prussian blue at 100x

  • Prussian blue at 500x

  • Lumps of Prussian blue, by Takeo City Library

  • Printed Prussian blue

  • Prussian blue, by National Museum of American History

  • Prussian blue (audio), by Harvard Art Museums

  • Dr. Joe Schwarcz:The origins of Prussian blue (video), by Montreal Gazette

  • Prussian Blue -Make it then Paint it (video), by Chem Talk

List of Prints

Below is a list of prints where Prussian blue was detected.

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