Difference between revisions of "Black chalk"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
An old name for a soft, blue-black variety of a clay formed from aluminum containing [[slate]]. Black chalk obtains its color from impurities of [[carbon]], [[iron%20oxide%20black|black iron oxide]], or [[manganese oxide]]. It was sometimes used as a crayon or writing tool, especially since the Rennaisance. Black chalk was mined in Thuringia, parts of France and Andalucia. Sometimes graphite was also referred to as black chalk. | An old name for a soft, blue-black variety of a clay formed from aluminum containing [[slate]]. Black chalk obtains its color from impurities of [[carbon]], [[iron%20oxide%20black|black iron oxide]], or [[manganese oxide]]. It was sometimes used as a crayon or writing tool, especially since the Rennaisance. Black chalk was mined in Thuringia, parts of France and Andalucia. Sometimes graphite was also referred to as black chalk. | ||
| − | [[File:67.698-C27123.jpg|thumb|]] | + | [[File:67.698-C27123.jpg|thumb|Homer Dodge Martin<br>MFA# 67.698]] |
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
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craie noire (Fr.); lapiz negro (Esp.); grafite (It.); piombaggine (It.); mineral black; black earth; Italian chalk | craie noire (Fr.); lapiz negro (Esp.); grafite (It.); piombaggine (It.); mineral black; black earth; Italian chalk | ||
| − | == | + | == Risks == |
| − | No significant hazards | + | * No significant hazards. |
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== Additional Images == | == Additional Images == | ||
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</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
| + | ==Resources and Citations== | ||
| − | + | * J.Winter, "The Characterization of Pigments Based on Carbon" ''Studies in Conservation'' 28:49-66, 1983. | |
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966 | * R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966 | ||
Revision as of 08:18, 8 May 2022
Description
An old name for a soft, blue-black variety of a clay formed from aluminum containing Slate. Black chalk obtains its color from impurities of Carbon, black iron oxide, or Manganese oxide. It was sometimes used as a crayon or writing tool, especially since the Rennaisance. Black chalk was mined in Thuringia, parts of France and Andalucia. Sometimes graphite was also referred to as black chalk.
Synonyms and Related Terms
craie noire (Fr.); lapiz negro (Esp.); grafite (It.); piombaggine (It.); mineral black; black earth; Italian chalk
Risks
- No significant hazards.
Additional Images
Pieces of black chalk
Black chalk
Frontal Study of an Aproaching Gray Wolf
Right Side Study of a Preening Trumpeter Swan
Fabricated black chalk
Resources and Citations
- J.Winter, "The Characterization of Pigments Based on Carbon" Studies in Conservation 28:49-66, 1983.
- R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
- Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
- R.D. Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835, Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
- The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Pigments" and "Chalk"
- Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
- Monona Rossol, The Artist's Complete Health and Safety Guide, Allworth Press, New York, 1994
- Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000