Category:Other Oranges: Ukiyo-e colorant

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Red/Yellow Mixtures: Oranges are commonly found by overprinting a red and yellow colorant or through mixing these colors. Safflower and orpiment appear to be the most common combination. Other combinations of reds and yellows have also been used to create various oranges.

Red/Yellow combinations detected so far include:

  • madder, orpiment
  • madder, turmeric
  • sappanwood, flavonoid
  • safflower, flavonoid
  • safflower, orpiment
  • safflower, turmeric
  • red lead, orpiment
  • red lead, flavonoid
  • red lead, iron oxide yellow

Examples of Red/Yellow Mixtures in Ukiyo-e Prints

Harunobu, Courtesan Watching Two Kamuro Make a Snow Dog, 21.4463

21.4463 Pt7 EEM.png
Pt 7: Flavonoid, Sappanwood
Suzuki Harunobu, 21.4463

11.14847-pt5.png

11.14847 Pt5 XRF.png
Pt 5: Orpiment, Red lead
Katsukawa Shunshô, 11.14847

11.17572-pt2.png

11.17572 Pt2 EEM.png
11.17572 Pt2 XRF.png
Pt 2: Safflower, Orpiment
Katsushika Hokusai, 11.17572

11.15216-Pt 4.png

11.15216 Pt4 EEM.png
11.15216 Pt 4 XRF.png
Pt 4: Iron oxide red, Orpiment, Turmeric
Kunisada 11.15216

Analysis

A combination of Excitation Emission Matrix (EEM) spectroscopy, Fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS), and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) is used to detect the various reds and yellows.

  • 3D EEM plots for Red references
    3D EEM plots for Red references
  • 3D EEM plots for Yellow references
    3D EEM plots for Yellow references

List of Prints

Below is a list of prints where the various Red/Yellow mixtures were detected.

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