https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Enamel,_inorganic&feed=atom&action=history Enamel, inorganic - Revision history 2024-03-29T14:26:40Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.35.3 https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Enamel,_inorganic&diff=80045&oldid=prev MDerrick at 15:34, 31 August 2020 2020-08-31T15:34:48Z <p></p> <table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:34, 31 August 2020</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l4" >Line 4:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 4:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A hard, vitreous porcelain-like coating on [[metal]], [[glass]], or [[ceramic]]. Enamel's smooth, shiny surface is made from powdered fusible glasses and opaque colorants (i.e., [[cobalt blue]], [[tin oxide]]) mixed with oil or water, then painted or sprayed on the object and fired up to 800C (1500F). The enamel fuses to the surface of the substrate forming a thin, continuous protective film. Enamel was used by the Greeks in the 4th c. BCE to decorate jewelry and ceramics. Later, artists used enamels to decorate small metal objects, book covers, crosses, and to paint miniature portraits. Low temperature, or soft, opaque enamels are used for coating aluminum for cooking utensils, signs and dials. High temperature, or hard, enamels can be translucent or transparent. Initially the metal bases for enamels were [[gold]] or [[silver]], but [[copper]] was increasingly used in the 18th century for small decorated items such as snuff boxes. Porcelain enamels have been used in building construction since the late 19th century. For architectural enamels, the opaque vitreous coatings were most commonly applied to [[iron]], [[aluminum]], and [[stainless steel]] subtrates. Sheets, panels and tiles were used for interior and exterior surfaces, such as in the White Castle restaurants built in the 1920s.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A hard, vitreous porcelain-like coating on [[metal]], [[glass]], or [[ceramic]]. Enamel's smooth, shiny surface is made from powdered fusible glasses and opaque colorants (i.e., [[cobalt blue]], [[tin oxide]]) mixed with oil or water, then painted or sprayed on the object and fired up to 800C (1500F). The enamel fuses to the surface of the substrate forming a thin, continuous protective film. Enamel was used by the Greeks in the 4th c. BCE to decorate jewelry and ceramics. Later, artists used enamels to decorate small metal objects, book covers, crosses, and to paint miniature portraits. Low temperature, or soft, opaque enamels are used for coating aluminum for cooking utensils, signs and dials. High temperature, or hard, enamels can be translucent or transparent. Initially the metal bases for enamels were [[gold]] or [[silver]], but [[copper]] was increasingly used in the 18th century for small decorated items such as snuff boxes. Porcelain enamels have been used in building construction since the late 19th century. For architectural enamels, the opaque vitreous coatings were most commonly applied to [[iron]], [[aluminum]], and [[stainless steel]] subtrates. Sheets, panels and tiles were used for interior and exterior surfaces, such as in the White Castle restaurants built in the 1920s.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:47.1542-SC73111.jpg|thumb|]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:47.1542-SC73111.jpg|thumb|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Limoges enamel&lt;BR&gt;MFA# 47.1542</ins>]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[File:Enamel.inorg.det.47.1542.jpg|thumb|Detail for above portrait]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Synonyms and Related Terms ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Synonyms and Related Terms ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l14" >Line 14:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 14:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>May crack or shatter if bent.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>May crack or shatter if bent.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Additional Information ==</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Resources and Citations</ins>==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">° Thomas Jester, &quot;Porcelain Enamel&quot;, in ''Twentieth-Century Building Materials'', T. Jester (ed.), McGraw-Hill: New York, 1995.</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">== Additional Images ==</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;gallery&gt;</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">File:Enamel.inorg.det.47.1542.jpg|Inorganic enamel</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;/gallery&gt;</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">== Sources Checked for Data in Record </del>==</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Thomas C. Jester (ed.), ''Twentieth-Century Building Materials'', McGraw-Hill Companies, Washington DC, 1995  Comment: Thomas Jester, &quot;Porcelain Enamel&quot;</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Thomas C. Jester (ed.), ''Twentieth-Century Building Materials'', McGraw-Hill Companies, Washington DC, 1995  Comment: Thomas Jester, &quot;Porcelain Enamel&quot;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l31" >Line 31:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 20:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''The Dictionary of Art'', Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996  Comment: Marit Guiness Aschan &quot;Enamel&quot;</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''The Dictionary of Art'', Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996  Comment: Marit Guiness Aschan &quot;Enamel&quot;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Wikipedia<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com  Comment</del>: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitreous_enamel (Accessed Nov. 2, 2005)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitreous_enamel (Accessed Nov. 2, 2005)</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996</div></td></tr> </table> MDerrick https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Enamel,_inorganic&diff=80043&oldid=prev MDerrick at 15:31, 31 August 2020 2020-08-31T15:31:13Z <p></p> <table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:31, 31 August 2020</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:01.5745-CR6914-d1.jpg|thumb|]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:01.5745-CR6914-d1.jpg|thumb|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Zun-shaped beaker&lt;br&gt;MFA# 01.5745</ins>]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Description ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Description ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l10" >Line 10:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 10:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>vitreous enamel; émail vitrifié (Fr.); Emaille (Deut., Ned.); esmalte (Port.); inorgânico (Port.); glass enamel; porcelain enamel; basse-taille; grisaille; Limoges enamel; cloisonné enamel; champlevé enamel; Porcelite; Glasiron Macotta; Mirawall; Porcelok; V-Corr; Veos; Zourite</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>vitreous enamel; émail vitrifié (Fr.); Emaille (Deut., Ned.); esmalte (Port.); inorgânico (Port.); glass enamel; porcelain enamel; basse-taille; grisaille; Limoges enamel; cloisonné enamel; champlevé enamel; Porcelite; Glasiron Macotta; Mirawall; Porcelok; V-Corr; Veos; Zourite</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Hazards and Safety </del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Risks </ins>==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>May crack or shatter if bent.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>May crack or shatter if bent.</div></td></tr> </table> MDerrick https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Enamel,_inorganic&diff=49766&oldid=prev Jruggiero: Text replace - "== Authority ==" to "== Sources Checked for Data in Record ==" 2016-05-01T02:12:41Z <p>Text replace - &quot;== Authority ==&quot; to &quot;== Sources Checked for Data in Record ==&quot;</p> <table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 02:12, 1 May 2016</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l25" >Line 25:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 25:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Authority </del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Sources Checked for Data in Record </ins>==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Thomas C. Jester (ed.), ''Twentieth-Century Building Materials'', McGraw-Hill Companies, Washington DC, 1995  Comment: Thomas Jester, &quot;Porcelain Enamel&quot;</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Thomas C. Jester (ed.), ''Twentieth-Century Building Materials'', McGraw-Hill Companies, Washington DC, 1995  Comment: Thomas Jester, &quot;Porcelain Enamel&quot;</div></td></tr> </table> Jruggiero https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Enamel,_inorganic&diff=44311&oldid=prev GEthier: /* Description */ 2014-01-15T14:28:46Z <p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Description</span></span></p> <table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:28, 15 January 2014</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l2" >Line 2:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Description ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Description ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A hard, vitreous porcelain-like coating on [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=metal </del>metal], [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=glass </del>glass], or [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=ceramic </del>ceramic]. Enamel's smooth, shiny surface is made from powdered fusible glasses and opaque colorants (i.e., [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=cobalt%20blue </del>cobalt blue], [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=stannic%20oxide </del>tin oxide]) mixed with oil or water, then painted or sprayed on the object and fired up to 800C (1500F). The enamel fuses to the surface of the substrate forming a thin, continuous protective film. Enamel was used by the Greeks in the 4th c. BCE to decorate jewelry and ceramics. Later, artists used enamels to decorate small metal objects, book covers, crosses, and to paint miniature portraits. Low temperature, or soft, opaque enamels are used for coating aluminum for cooking utensils, signs and dials. High temperature, or hard, enamels can be translucent or transparent. Initially the metal bases for enamels were [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=gold </del>gold] or [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=silver </del>silver], but [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=copper </del>copper] was increasingly used in the 18th century for small decorated items such as snuff boxes. Porcelain enamels have been used in building construction since the late 19th century. For architectural enamels, the opaque vitreous coatings were most commonly applied to [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=iron </del>iron], [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=aluminum </del>aluminum], and [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=stainless%20steel </del>stainless steel] subtrates. Sheets, panels and tiles were used for interior and exterior surfaces, such as in the White Castle restaurants built in the 1920s.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A hard, vitreous porcelain-like coating on [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[</ins>metal<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>], [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[</ins>glass<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>], or [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[</ins>ceramic<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>]. Enamel's smooth, shiny surface is made from powdered fusible glasses and opaque colorants (i.e., [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[</ins>cobalt blue<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>], [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[</ins>tin oxide<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>]) mixed with oil or water, then painted or sprayed on the object and fired up to 800C (1500F). The enamel fuses to the surface of the substrate forming a thin, continuous protective film. Enamel was used by the Greeks in the 4th c. BCE to decorate jewelry and ceramics. Later, artists used enamels to decorate small metal objects, book covers, crosses, and to paint miniature portraits. Low temperature, or soft, opaque enamels are used for coating aluminum for cooking utensils, signs and dials. High temperature, or hard, enamels can be translucent or transparent. Initially the metal bases for enamels were [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[</ins>gold<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>] or [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[</ins>silver<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>], but [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[</ins>copper<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>] was increasingly used in the 18th century for small decorated items such as snuff boxes. Porcelain enamels have been used in building construction since the late 19th century. For architectural enamels, the opaque vitreous coatings were most commonly applied to [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[</ins>iron<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>], [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[</ins>aluminum<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>], and [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[</ins>stainless steel<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>] subtrates. Sheets, panels and tiles were used for interior and exterior surfaces, such as in the White Castle restaurants built in the 1920s.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:47.1542-SC73111.jpg|thumb|]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:47.1542-SC73111.jpg|thumb|]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Synonyms and Related Terms ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Synonyms and Related Terms ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> </table> GEthier https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Enamel,_inorganic&diff=28643&oldid=prev at 12:35, 24 July 2013 2013-07-24T12:35:49Z <p></p> <table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:35, 24 July 2013</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l2" >Line 2:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Description ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Description ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A hard, vitreous porcelain-like coating on [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=metal metal], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=glass glass], or [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=ceramic ceramic]. Enamel's smooth, shiny surface is made from powdered fusible glasses and opaque colorants (i.e., [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=cobalt <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">blue </del>cobalt blue], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=stannic <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">oxide </del>tin oxide]) mixed with oil or water, then painted or sprayed on the object and fired up to 800C (1500F). The enamel fuses to the surface of the substrate forming a thin, continuous protective film. Enamel was used by the Greeks in the 4th c. BCE to decorate jewelry and ceramics. Later, artists used enamels to decorate small metal objects, book covers, crosses, and to paint miniature portraits. Low temperature, or soft, opaque enamels are used for coating aluminum for cooking utensils, signs and dials. High temperature, or hard, enamels can be translucent or transparent. Initially the metal bases for enamels were [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=gold gold] or [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=silver silver], but [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=copper copper] was increasingly used in the 18th century for small decorated items such as snuff boxes. Porcelain enamels have been used in building construction since the late 19th century. For architectural enamels, the opaque vitreous coatings were most commonly applied to [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=iron iron], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=aluminum aluminum], and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=stainless <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">steel </del>stainless steel] subtrates. Sheets, panels and tiles were used for interior and exterior surfaces, such as in the White Castle restaurants built in the 1920s.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A hard, vitreous porcelain-like coating on [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=metal metal], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=glass glass], or [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=ceramic ceramic]. Enamel's smooth, shiny surface is made from powdered fusible glasses and opaque colorants (i.e., [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=cobalt<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">%20blue </ins>cobalt blue], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=stannic<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">%20oxide </ins>tin oxide]) mixed with oil or water, then painted or sprayed on the object and fired up to 800C (1500F). The enamel fuses to the surface of the substrate forming a thin, continuous protective film. Enamel was used by the Greeks in the 4th c. BCE to decorate jewelry and ceramics. Later, artists used enamels to decorate small metal objects, book covers, crosses, and to paint miniature portraits. Low temperature, or soft, opaque enamels are used for coating aluminum for cooking utensils, signs and dials. High temperature, or hard, enamels can be translucent or transparent. Initially the metal bases for enamels were [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=gold gold] or [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=silver silver], but [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=copper copper] was increasingly used in the 18th century for small decorated items such as snuff boxes. Porcelain enamels have been used in building construction since the late 19th century. For architectural enamels, the opaque vitreous coatings were most commonly applied to [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=iron iron], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=aluminum aluminum], and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=stainless<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">%20steel </ins>stainless steel] subtrates. Sheets, panels and tiles were used for interior and exterior surfaces, such as in the White Castle restaurants built in the 1920s.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:47.1542-SC73111.jpg|thumb|]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:47.1542-SC73111.jpg|thumb|]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Synonyms and Related Terms ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Synonyms and Related Terms ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>vitreous enamel; <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mail vitrifi </del>(Fr.); Emaille (Deut., Ned.); esmalte (Port.); <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">inorgnico </del>(Port.); glass enamel; porcelain enamel; basse-taille; grisaille; Limoges enamel; <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cloisonn </del>enamel; <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">champlev </del>enamel; Porcelite; Glasiron Macotta; Mirawall; Porcelok; V-Corr; Veos; Zourite</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>vitreous enamel; <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">émail vitrifié </ins>(Fr.); Emaille (Deut., Ned.); esmalte (Port.); <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">inorgânico </ins>(Port.); glass enamel; porcelain enamel; basse-taille; grisaille; Limoges enamel; <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cloisonné </ins>enamel; <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">champlevé </ins>enamel; Porcelite; Glasiron Macotta; Mirawall; Porcelok; V-Corr; Veos; Zourite</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Hazards and Safety ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Hazards and Safety ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l15" >Line 15:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 15:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Additional Information ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Additional Information ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Thomas Jester, &quot;Porcelain Enamel&quot;, in ''Twentieth-Century Building Materials'', T. Jester (ed.), McGraw-Hill: New York, 1995.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">° </ins>Thomas Jester, &quot;Porcelain Enamel&quot;, in ''Twentieth-Century Building Materials'', T. Jester (ed.), McGraw-Hill: New York, 1995.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Additional Images ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Additional Images ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l26" >Line 26:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 26:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Authority ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Authority ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Thomas C. Jester (ed.), </del>Thomas C. Jester (ed.), ''Twentieth-Century Building Materials'', McGraw-Hill Companies, Washington DC, 1995  Comment: Thomas Jester, &quot;Porcelain Enamel&quot;</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Thomas C. Jester (ed.), ''Twentieth-Century Building Materials'', McGraw-Hill Companies, Washington DC, 1995  Comment: Thomas Jester, &quot;Porcelain Enamel&quot;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''The Dictionary of Art'', Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996  Comment: Marit Guiness Aschan &quot;Enamel&quot;</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''The Dictionary of Art'', Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996  Comment: Marit Guiness Aschan &quot;Enamel&quot;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l34" >Line 34:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 34:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Ralph Mayer, </del>Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, </del>Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">G.S.Brady, </del>G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 254</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 254</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, </del>Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, ''A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques'', Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, ''A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques'', Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000</div></td></tr> </table> https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Enamel,_inorganic&diff=13980&oldid=prev at 18:13, 27 April 2013 2013-04-27T18:13:52Z <p></p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[File:01.5745-CR6914-d1.jpg|thumb|]]<br /> == Description ==<br /> <br /> A hard, vitreous porcelain-like coating on [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=metal metal], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=glass glass], or [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=ceramic ceramic]. Enamel's smooth, shiny surface is made from powdered fusible glasses and opaque colorants (i.e., [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=cobalt blue cobalt blue], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=stannic oxide tin oxide]) mixed with oil or water, then painted or sprayed on the object and fired up to 800C (1500F). The enamel fuses to the surface of the substrate forming a thin, continuous protective film. Enamel was used by the Greeks in the 4th c. BCE to decorate jewelry and ceramics. Later, artists used enamels to decorate small metal objects, book covers, crosses, and to paint miniature portraits. Low temperature, or soft, opaque enamels are used for coating aluminum for cooking utensils, signs and dials. High temperature, or hard, enamels can be translucent or transparent. Initially the metal bases for enamels were [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=gold gold] or [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=silver silver], but [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=copper copper] was increasingly used in the 18th century for small decorated items such as snuff boxes. Porcelain enamels have been used in building construction since the late 19th century. For architectural enamels, the opaque vitreous coatings were most commonly applied to [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=iron iron], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=aluminum aluminum], and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=stainless steel stainless steel] subtrates. Sheets, panels and tiles were used for interior and exterior surfaces, such as in the White Castle restaurants built in the 1920s.<br /> <br /> [[File:47.1542-SC73111.jpg|thumb|]]<br /> == Synonyms and Related Terms ==<br /> <br /> vitreous enamel; mail vitrifi (Fr.); Emaille (Deut., Ned.); esmalte (Port.); inorgnico (Port.); glass enamel; porcelain enamel; basse-taille; grisaille; Limoges enamel; cloisonn enamel; champlev enamel; Porcelite; Glasiron Macotta; Mirawall; Porcelok; V-Corr; Veos; Zourite<br /> <br /> == Hazards and Safety ==<br /> <br /> May crack or shatter if bent.<br /> <br /> == Additional Information ==<br /> <br /> Thomas Jester, &quot;Porcelain Enamel&quot;, in ''Twentieth-Century Building Materials'', T. Jester (ed.), McGraw-Hill: New York, 1995.<br /> <br /> == Additional Images ==<br /> <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:Enamel.inorg.det.47.1542.jpg|Inorganic enamel<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> == Authority ==<br /> <br /> * Thomas C. Jester (ed.), Thomas C. Jester (ed.), ''Twentieth-Century Building Materials'', McGraw-Hill Companies, Washington DC, 1995 Comment: Thomas Jester, &quot;Porcelain Enamel&quot;<br /> <br /> * ''The Dictionary of Art'', Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: Marit Guiness Aschan &quot;Enamel&quot;<br /> <br /> * Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitreous_enamel (Accessed Nov. 2, 2005)<br /> <br /> * ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996<br /> <br /> * Ralph Mayer, Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)<br /> <br /> * Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982<br /> <br /> * G.S.Brady, G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 254<br /> <br /> * Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, ''A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques'', Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981<br /> <br /> * Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Materials database]]</div>