Difference between revisions of "Galena"
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[[File:galenadw.jpg|thumb|Galena crystals]] | [[File:galenadw.jpg|thumb|Galena crystals]] | ||
== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | + | [[File:MFA19736 galena.jpg|thumb|Egyptian kohl jar<br>MFA# 1973.663]] | |
| − | A gray metallic-like mineral composed of [[lead sulfide]]. Galena commonly occurs as cubic crystals. It is the principal ore source for metallic [[lead]] and often contains significant amounts of [[silver]]. Galena is mined from deposits in Canada, Mexico, England (Cornwall), Australia (Broken Hill), Germany (Clausthal Zellerfeld), Italy, Germany, Romania, Austria, France, Spain, Chile, Peru, Africa, and in the United States (Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, Idaho, Wisconsin, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, California). When crushed, lead sulfide is a black powder. Powdered galena was used | + | A gray metallic-like mineral composed of [[lead sulfide]]. Galena commonly occurs as cubic crystals. It is the principal ore source for metallic [[lead]] and often contains significant amounts of [[silver]]. Galena is mined from deposits in Canada, Mexico, England (Cornwall), Australia (Broken Hill), Germany (Clausthal Zellerfeld), Italy, Germany, Romania, Austria, France, Spain, Chile, Peru, Africa, and in the United States (Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, Idaho, Wisconsin, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, California). When crushed, lead sulfide is a black powder. In ancient Egypt, it was known as 'kohl' and was used as a cosmetic. Powdered galena was also used in glazes for medieval pottery and 17th century slipware. In the mid 20th century, it was used as a semiconductor in crystal radio sets. Lead sulfide is still used in some ceramic glazes and as a source for the production of [[lead sulfate]]. |
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
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[[[SliderGallery rightalign|galenaRS.jpg~Raman]]] | [[[SliderGallery rightalign|galenaRS.jpg~Raman]]] | ||
| + | == Risks == | ||
| − | == | + | Toxic by inhalation or ingestion. Skin contact may cause irritation or ulcers. Carcinogen, teratogen, suspected mutagen. |
| + | |||
| + | Fisher Scientific: [https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/12750.htm MSDS] | ||
| + | == Physical and Chemical Properties == | ||
Soluble in nitric acid and hot, dilute hydrochloric acid. Insoluble in water. | Soluble in nitric acid and hot, dilute hydrochloric acid. Insoluble in water. | ||
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! scope="row"| Density | ! scope="row"| Density | ||
| − | | 7.4-7.6 | + | | 7.4-7.6 g/ml |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight | ! scope="row"| Molecular Weight | ||
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| − | == | + | == Resources and Citations == |
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| − | + | * Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Galena.shtml Galena] | |
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 443 | * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 443 | ||
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* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 5445 | * ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 5445 | ||
| − | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "galena" | + | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "galena" [Accessed December 11, 2001 |
| − | * Wikipedia | + | * Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galena (Accessed Sept. 7, 2005) |
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, ''Technology and Conservation'', Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985 | * Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, ''Technology and Conservation'', Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985 | ||
Latest revision as of 11:15, 25 July 2022
Description
A gray metallic-like mineral composed of Lead sulfide. Galena commonly occurs as cubic crystals. It is the principal ore source for metallic Lead and often contains significant amounts of Silver. Galena is mined from deposits in Canada, Mexico, England (Cornwall), Australia (Broken Hill), Germany (Clausthal Zellerfeld), Italy, Germany, Romania, Austria, France, Spain, Chile, Peru, Africa, and in the United States (Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, Idaho, Wisconsin, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, California). When crushed, lead sulfide is a black powder. In ancient Egypt, it was known as 'kohl' and was used as a cosmetic. Powdered galena was also used in glazes for medieval pottery and 17th century slipware. In the mid 20th century, it was used as a semiconductor in crystal radio sets. Lead sulfide is still used in some ceramic glazes and as a source for the production of Lead sulfate.
Synonyms and Related Terms
galenite; lead glance; lead sulfide; plumbus sulfide; Bleiglanz (Deut.); Galenit (Deut.); galène (Fr.); galaniet (Ned.); galena (Esp., Port.); galeniet (Ned.)
Risks
Toxic by inhalation or ingestion. Skin contact may cause irritation or ulcers. Carcinogen, teratogen, suspected mutagen.
Fisher Scientific: MSDS
Physical and Chemical Properties
Soluble in nitric acid and hot, dilute hydrochloric acid. Insoluble in water.
Isometric crystal system with cubic crystals. Cleavage=perfect in three directions.
Luster = metallic. Streak = gray. Fracture = subconchoidal, brittle
| Composition | PbS |
|---|---|
| CAS | 1314-87-0 |
| Mohs Hardness | 2.5 |
| Density | 7.4-7.6 g/ml |
| Molecular Weight | mol. wt. = 239.27 |
Resources and Citations
- Mineralogy Database: Galena
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 443
- C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
- Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
- Henry Hodges, Artifacts: An Introduction to Early Materials and Technology, Ronald P. Frye, Kingston, Canada, 1988
- Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
- Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
- The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 5445
- Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "galena" [Accessed December 11, 2001
- Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galena (Accessed Sept. 7, 2005)
- Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
- Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
- CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=7.3-7.6