Difference between revisions of "Green earth"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | Green colored siliceous, iron-rich clays that have been used as pigments since ancient times. Green earth pigments were ground from available minerals, principally [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=celadonite celadonite] and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=glauconite glauconite], though cronstedtite, [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=montmorillonite montmorillonite], and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=chlorite chlorite] have also been used. The color of green earth can range from yellow-green to sea-green to greenish-gray. In general, green earth is translucent in oils with moderate tinting strength and poor hiding power. It is a permanent, stable pigment that is compatible with all media. Green earth, or terre verte, is sometimes imitated by mixtures of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=Naples | + | Green colored siliceous, iron-rich clays that have been used as pigments since ancient times. Green earth pigments were ground from available minerals, principally [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=celadonite celadonite] and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=glauconite glauconite], though cronstedtite, [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=montmorillonite montmorillonite], and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=chlorite chlorite] have also been used. The color of green earth can range from yellow-green to sea-green to greenish-gray. In general, green earth is translucent in oils with moderate tinting strength and poor hiding power. It is a permanent, stable pigment that is compatible with all media. Green earth, or terre verte, is sometimes imitated by mixtures of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=Naples%20yellow Naples yellow] and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=Prussian%20blue Prussian blue]. |
[[File:pc30231chlorite.jpg|thumb|Chlorite]] | [[File:pc30231chlorite.jpg|thumb|Chlorite]] | ||
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
| − | Pigment Green 23; CI 77009; terre verte (Fr.); terra verde (It., Port.); tierra verde (Esp.); | + | Pigment Green 23; CI 77009; terre verte (Fr.); terra verde (It., Port.); tierra verde (Esp.); grüne Erde (Deut.); creta viridis; celadon green; Veronese earth; Belgian earth; Hessian earth; Tyrolean earth; Bohemian earth; Saxon earth; Rhenish earth; green stone; Theodotion; prasina; holly green; verdetta; aegirin; celadonite: glauconite: cronstedtite; chlorite |
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|celadoniteRS.jpg~Raman|ChloriteClinochloreitaly1.jpg~Raman|MFA- Green Earth, Terre Verte.jpg~FTIR|PIG360.jpg~XRD|f360sem.jpg~SEM|f360edsbw.jpg~EDS]]] | [[[SliderGallery rightalign|celadoniteRS.jpg~Raman|ChloriteClinochloreitaly1.jpg~Raman|MFA- Green Earth, Terre Verte.jpg~FTIR|PIG360.jpg~XRD|f360sem.jpg~SEM|f360edsbw.jpg~EDS]]] | ||
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== Other Properties == | == Other Properties == | ||
| − | Slightly soluble in acids. Turns a warm, dark-brown color (known as burnt green earth) when heated to around 500 | + | Slightly soluble in acids. Turns a warm, dark-brown color (known as burnt green earth) when heated to around 500 °C. |
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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== Additional Information == | == Additional Information == | ||
| − | C. Grissom, "Green Earth", ''Artists Pigments'', Volume 1, R. Feller (ed.); Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1986. | + | ° C. Grissom, "Green Earth", ''Artists Pigments'', Volume 1, R. Feller (ed.); Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1986. ° Pigments Through the Ages: [http://webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/overview/greenearth.html Green earth] Record content reviewed by EU-Artech, November 2007. |
== Additional Images == | == Additional Images == | ||
| Line 42: | Line 42: | ||
== Authority == | == Authority == | ||
| − | * | + | * R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966 Comment: density= 2.5-2.7 and ref.index = 1.62 |
* ''Artists' Pigments: A Handbook of their History and Characteristics'', R.L.Feller, ed., Cambridge University Press, London, Vol. 1, 1986 Comment: C. Grissom "Green Earth" | * ''Artists' Pigments: A Handbook of their History and Characteristics'', R.L.Feller, ed., Cambridge University Press, London, Vol. 1, 1986 Comment: C. Grissom "Green Earth" | ||
| − | * | + | * Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing) |
| − | * | + | * External source or communication Comment: Contributed information: Helen Howard, November 2007 |
* ''The Dictionary of Art'', Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Pigment" | * ''The Dictionary of Art'', Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Pigment" | ||
| − | * | + | * M. Doerner, ''The Materials of the Artist'', Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934 |
| − | * | + | * R.D. Harley, ''Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835'', Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982 |
| − | * | + | * Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982 |
| − | * | + | * Thomas B. Brill, ''Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities'', Plenum Press, New York City, 1980 Comment: ref. index = 2.5-2.7 (seems like an error) |
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000 | * Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000 | ||
| − | * | + | * Website address 1 Comment: Pigments Through the Ages: http://webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/overview/greenearth.html - alpha =1.59-1.612, beta =1.609-1.643, gamma =1.61-1.644 (Link to UV Vis spectra) |
[[Category:Materials database]] | [[Category:Materials database]] | ||
Revision as of 07:50, 24 July 2013
Description
Green colored siliceous, iron-rich clays that have been used as pigments since ancient times. Green earth pigments were ground from available minerals, principally celadonite and glauconite, though cronstedtite, montmorillonite, and chlorite have also been used. The color of green earth can range from yellow-green to sea-green to greenish-gray. In general, green earth is translucent in oils with moderate tinting strength and poor hiding power. It is a permanent, stable pigment that is compatible with all media. Green earth, or terre verte, is sometimes imitated by mixtures of Naples yellow and Prussian blue.
Synonyms and Related Terms
Pigment Green 23; CI 77009; terre verte (Fr.); terra verde (It., Port.); tierra verde (Esp.); grüne Erde (Deut.); creta viridis; celadon green; Veronese earth; Belgian earth; Hessian earth; Tyrolean earth; Bohemian earth; Saxon earth; Rhenish earth; green stone; Theodotion; prasina; holly green; verdetta; aegirin; celadonite: glauconite: cronstedtite; chlorite
Other Properties
Slightly soluble in acids. Turns a warm, dark-brown color (known as burnt green earth) when heated to around 500 °C.
| Density | 2.5-2.7 |
|---|---|
| Refractive Index | 1.62 |
Hazards and Safety
No significant hazards. Some forms of celadonite have fibrous needle-like crystals.
Additional Information
° C. Grissom, "Green Earth", Artists Pigments, Volume 1, R. Feller (ed.); Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1986. ° Pigments Through the Ages: Green earth Record content reviewed by EU-Artech, November 2007.
Additional Images
Celadonite
XRD sepctrum of green earth (celadonite)
Authority
- R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966 Comment: density= 2.5-2.7 and ref.index = 1.62
- Artists' Pigments: A Handbook of their History and Characteristics, R.L.Feller, ed., Cambridge University Press, London, Vol. 1, 1986 Comment: C. Grissom "Green Earth"
- Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
- External source or communication Comment: Contributed information: Helen Howard, November 2007
- The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Pigment"
- M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
- R.D. Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835, Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
- Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
- Thomas B. Brill, Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities, Plenum Press, New York City, 1980 Comment: ref. index = 2.5-2.7 (seems like an error)
- Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
- Website address 1 Comment: Pigments Through the Ages: http://webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/overview/greenearth.html - alpha =1.59-1.612, beta =1.609-1.643, gamma =1.61-1.644 (Link to UV Vis spectra)