Difference between revisions of "Ground"
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2. Emulsion -a glue medium emulsified with some oil, egg, or natural resin | 2. Emulsion -a glue medium emulsified with some oil, egg, or natural resin | ||
| − | 3. Oil ground- a drying oil, such as [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=linseed | + | 3. Oil ground- a drying oil, such as [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=linseed%20oil linseed oil], with [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=lead%20white lead white] or other white pigment |
4. Synthetic - acrylic or alkyd based primer introduced in the late 20th century | 4. Synthetic - acrylic or alkyd based primer introduced in the late 20th century | ||
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For gilding, [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=bole bole] is used as a colored ground or priming layer. Bole is typically composed of a red or brown clay. Colored grounds have also been used for drawings and paintings made with [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=gouache gouache], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=pastel pastel], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=charcoal charcoal], and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=crayon crayon]. | For gilding, [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=bole bole] is used as a colored ground or priming layer. Bole is typically composed of a red or brown clay. Colored grounds have also been used for drawings and paintings made with [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=gouache gouache], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=pastel pastel], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=charcoal charcoal], and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=crayon crayon]. | ||
| − | For printmaking, the ground layer is a dark, acid-resistant coating containing [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=wax wax], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=tallow tallow], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=asphalt asphalt], and/or [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=natural | + | For printmaking, the ground layer is a dark, acid-resistant coating containing [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=wax wax], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=tallow tallow], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=asphalt asphalt], and/or [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=natural%20resin natural resin]. |
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
| − | primer; gesso; | + | primer; gesso; preparación (Esp.); aparejo (Esp.); préparation (Fr.); fond (Fr.); camada preparatória (Port.); preparação (Port.) |
== Additional Information == | == Additional Information == | ||
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== Authority == | == Authority == | ||
| − | * | + | * Reed Kay, ''The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials'', Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983 |
| − | * | + | * Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing) |
[[Category:Materials database]] | [[Category:Materials database]] | ||
Revision as of 07:50, 24 July 2013
Description
A foundation layer used to prepare a support material for the application of paint. Grounds provide a smooth, uniform, and nonporous surface. They can also act as a separating and stabilizing layer to minimize environmental distortions or support deterioration due to reactions with the paint.
For artist paintings, grounds typically fall into these categories.
1. Gesso or chalk - a glue binder mixed with gypsum or chalk
2. Emulsion -a glue medium emulsified with some oil, egg, or natural resin
3. Oil ground- a drying oil, such as linseed oil, with lead white or other white pigment
4. Synthetic - acrylic or alkyd based primer introduced in the late 20th century
For gilding, bole is used as a colored ground or priming layer. Bole is typically composed of a red or brown clay. Colored grounds have also been used for drawings and paintings made with gouache, pastel, charcoal, and crayon.
For printmaking, the ground layer is a dark, acid-resistant coating containing wax, tallow, asphalt, and/or natural resin.
Synonyms and Related Terms
primer; gesso; preparación (Esp.); aparejo (Esp.); préparation (Fr.); fond (Fr.); camada preparatória (Port.); preparação (Port.)
Additional Information
J.Stephenson, "Ground" The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc. New York, 1996.
Authority
- Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
- Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)