Difference between revisions of "Ground"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | A foundation layer used to prepare a support material for the application of | + | A foundation layer used to prepare a support material for the application of media. Grounds provide a smooth, uniform, and nonporous surface. They can also act as a separating and stabilizing layer to minimize environmental distortions or support deterioration due to reactions with the paint. |
For artist paintings, grounds typically fall into these categories. | For artist paintings, grounds typically fall into these categories. | ||
| − | 1. Gesso or chalk - a [ | + | 1. Gesso or chalk - a [[glue]] binder mixed with [[gypsum]] or [[chalk]] |
2. Emulsion -a glue medium emulsified with some oil, egg, or natural resin | 2. Emulsion -a glue medium emulsified with some oil, egg, or natural resin | ||
| − | 3. Oil ground- a drying oil, such as [ | + | 3. Oil ground- a drying oil, such as [[linseed oil]], with [[lead white]] or other white pigment |
4. Synthetic - acrylic or alkyd based primer introduced in the late 20th century | 4. Synthetic - acrylic or alkyd based primer introduced in the late 20th century | ||
| − | For gilding, [ | + | For gilding, [[bole]] is used as a colored ground or priming layer. Bole is typically composed of a red or brown clay. Colored grounds have also been used for [[metal point]] drawings and paintings made with [[gouache]], [[pastel]], [[charcoal]], and [[crayon]]. |
| − | For printmaking, the ground layer is a dark, acid-resistant coating containing [ | + | For printmaking, the ground layer is a dark, acid-resistant coating containing [[wax]], [[tallow]], [[asphalt]], and/or [[natural resin]]. |
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
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J.Stephenson, "Ground" ''The Dictionary of Art'', Grove's Dictionaries Inc. New York, 1996. | J.Stephenson, "Ground" ''The Dictionary of Art'', Grove's Dictionaries Inc. New York, 1996. | ||
| − | == | + | == Sources Checked for Data in Record == |
* Reed Kay, ''The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials'', Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983 | * Reed Kay, ''The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials'', Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983 | ||
Revision as of 06:00, 1 May 2016
Description
A foundation layer used to prepare a support material for the application of media. Grounds provide a smooth, uniform, and nonporous surface. They can also act as a separating and stabilizing layer to minimize environmental distortions or support deterioration due to reactions with the paint.
For artist paintings, grounds typically fall into these categories.
1. Gesso or chalk - a Glue binder mixed with Gypsum or Chalk
2. Emulsion -a glue medium emulsified with some oil, egg, or natural resin
3. Oil ground- a drying oil, such as Linseed oil, with Lead white or other white pigment
4. Synthetic - acrylic or alkyd based primer introduced in the late 20th century
For gilding, Bole is used as a colored ground or priming layer. Bole is typically composed of a red or brown clay. Colored grounds have also been used for Metal point drawings and paintings made with Gouache, Pastel, Charcoal, and Crayon.
For printmaking, the ground layer is a dark, acid-resistant coating containing Wax, Tallow, Asphalt, and/or Natural resin.
Synonyms and Related Terms
primer; gesso; preparación (Esp.); aparejo (Esp.); préparation (Fr.); fond (Fr.); camada preparatória (Port.); preparação (Port.)
Additional Information
J.Stephenson, "Ground" The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc. New York, 1996.
Sources Checked for Data in Record
- Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
- Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)