Scotch pine

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Scots pine frame
MFA# 1999.502

Description

Scotch pine paper fibers stained with Graff "C" stain
Scotch pine paper fibers stained with Graff "C" stain

A large pine tree, Pinus sylvestris, native to Eurasia and imported to North America. The Scotch pine has tough light brown wood, often called red deal. Its lumber is used for millwork and it is an important conifer for timber in Europe.

Synonyms and Related Terms

Pinus sylvestris; pino albar, pino Valsaín (Esp.); pin sylvestre (Fr.); casquinha (Port.); pino silvestre (It.); Scots pine; red pine; red deal; Baltic pine; Scotch fir

Physical and Chemical Properties

Paper fiber type: softwood, hard pine. Using transmitted light microscopy, fibers are identified by the presence of fenestriform pits that occur in doubles and singles across the fiber. Dentate ray tracheids are present. Appearance with Graff "C" stain: varies with pulping and bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: length 3.1mm, width 35μm. Common pulping method: kraft and sulfite.

Resources and Citations

  • R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
  • G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 614
  • Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
  • Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
  • The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
  • Marja-Sisko Ilvessalo-Pfäffli. Fiber Atlas: Identification of Papermaking Fibers (Springer Series in Wood Science). Springer, 1995.
  • Walter Rantanen. "Fiber ID Course." Integrated Paper Services. June 2013. Lecture.