https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Special:NewPages&feed=atom&hideredirs=1&limit=50&offset=&namespace=0&username=&tagfilter=&size-mode=max&size=0 CAMEO - New pages [en] 2024-03-29T06:48:39Z From CAMEO MediaWiki 1.35.3 https://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Testpage Testpage 2024-03-24T22:31:40Z <p>MAdachi: /* Acknowledgement */</p> <hr /> <div>__NOTOC__<br /> [[File:Colorwheel.jpg|link=|245px|right|Colorant Samples]]<br /> <br /> Since 2002, the MFA’s [https://mfa.org/collections/conservation-and-collections-management Asian Conservation Studio and Scientific Research Laboratory] has been conducting research into the colorants used in Japanese woodblock prints, or ''ukiyo-e'' prints from the Edo period (1603–1868). Non-invasive techniques that do not require sampling from the prints have been used: X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Excitation Emission Matrix (EEM), and Fiber Optic Reflectance (FORS) spectroscopies. <br /> <br /> This Ukiyo-e Print Colorant Database is an effort to begin collating the analytical results of colorants into one location that is accessible to all researchers. It currently focuses on prints from the MFA’s collection from the early 1700s to the mid-1800s. It does not yet cover the whole breadth of colorants used, such as the aniline-based colorants, but we plan to continue to expand the database. Thus far, over 800 prints have been analyzed and the uploading of data is ongoing. [[More on the data]].<br /> <br /> ===Colorants===<br /> A list of colorants detected so far in this research. Click to see examples of the printed colors, spectra, and a list of analyzed prints. <br /> ------------------<br /> <br /> {| <br /> |- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;width:300px; text-align:left;&quot; |<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Blue&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Dayflower: Ukiyo-e colorant| Dayflower]]<br /> *[[:Category:Indigo: Ukiyo-e colorant|Indigo]]<br /> *[[:Category:Prussian Blue: Ukiyo-e colorant|Prussian blue]]<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Red&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Safflower: Ukiyo-e colorant|Safflower]]<br /> *[[:Category:Madder: Ukiyo-e colorant|Madder]]<br /> *[[:Category:Sappanwood: Ukiyo-e colorant|Sappanwood]]<br /> *[[:Category:Red lead: Ukiyo-e colorant|Red lead]]<br /> *[[:Category:Vermilion: Ukiyo-e colorant|Vermilion]]<br /> *[[:Category:Other Reds: Ukiyo-e colorant|Others]]<br /> <br /> | style=&quot;width:300px; text-align:left;&quot; |<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Yellow&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Turmeric: Ukiyo-e colorant|Turmeric]]<br /> *[[:Category:Orpiment: Ukiyo-e colorant|Orpiment]]<br /> *[[:Category:Flavonoids: Ukiyo-e colorant|Flavonoids]]<br /> *[[:Category:Gamboge: Ukiyo-e colorant|Gamboge]]<br /> *[[:Category:Iron Oxide Yellow: Ukiyo-e colorant|Iron oxide yellow]]<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Brown&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Iron Oxide Red: Ukiyo-e colorant|Iron oxide red]]<br /> &lt;!--*[[:Category:Other Browns: Ukiyo-e colorant|Others]]--&gt;<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purple&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Dayflower/Safflower: Ukiyo-e colorant|Dayflower + Safflower]]<br /> *[[:Category:Other Purples: Ukiyo-e colorant|Others]]<br /> <br /> | style=&quot;width:300px; text-align:left;&quot; |<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Green&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Dayflower/Turmeric: Ukiyo-e colorant|Dayflower + Turmeric]]<br /> *[[:Category:Indigo/Orpiment: Ukiyo-e colorant|Indigo + Orpiment]]<br /> *[[:Category:Prussian Blue/Orpiment: Ukiyo-e colorant|Prussian blue + Orpiment]]<br /> *[[:Category:Other Greens: Ukiyo-e colorant|Others]]<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Black&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Carbon black:Ukiyo-e colorant|Carbon black]]<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;White&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Calcium carbonate: Ukiyo-e colorant|Calcium carbonate]]<br /> *[[:Category:Lead white: Ukiyo-e colorant|Lead white]]<br /> <br /> | style=&quot;width:300px; text-align:left;&quot; |<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Mica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Mica: Ukiyo-e colorant|Mica]]<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Metallic&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Brass: Ukiyo-e colorant|Brass]]<br /> *[[:Category:Tin: Ukiyo-e colorant|Tin]]<br /> &lt;!--*[[:Category:Copper: Ukiyo-e colorant|Copper]]--&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === By Artist ===<br /> Prints analyzed listed by artist.<br /> ------------------<br /> {| <br /> |- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;width:300px; text-align:left;&quot; |<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;C&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Chōbunsai Eishi (鳥文斎栄之) 1756–1829|Chōbunsai Eishi]]<br /> <br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;H&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Hanekawa Chinchō (羽川珍重) 1679–1754|Hanekawa Chinchō]]<br /> <br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;I&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Ippitsusai Bunchō (一筆斎文調) active about 1765–1792|Ippitsusai Bunchō]]<br /> *[[:Category:Ishikawa Toyonobu (石川豊信) 1711–1785|Ishikawa Toyonobu]]<br /> *[[:Category:Isoda Koryusai (礒田湖龍斎) 1735–1790|Isoda Koryusai]]<br /> <br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;K&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Katsukawa Shunkō (勝川春好) 1743–1812|Katsukawa Shunkō]]<br /> *[[:Category:Katsukawa Shunshō (勝川春章) 1726–1792|Katsukawa Shunshō]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:300px; text-align:left;&quot; |<br /> *[[:Category:Katsushika Taito II (葛飾戴斗) active about 1810–1853|Katsushika Taito II]]<br /> *[[:Category:Keisai Eisen (渓斎英泉) 1790–1848|Keisai Eisen]]<br /> *[[:Category:Kikukawa Eizan (菊川英山) 1787–1867|Kikukawa Eizan]]<br /> *[[:Category:Kitagawa Utamaro I (喜多川歌麿) early 1750s–1806|Kitagawa Utamaro I]]<br /> *[[:Category:Kitao Shigemasa (北尾重政) 1739–1820|Kitao Shigemasa]]<br /> *[[:Category:Komatsuken (小松軒・小松屋百亀) 1720-1794|Komatsuken]]<br /> *[[:Category:Kubo Shunman (窪俊満) 1757–1820|Kubo Shunman]]<br /> &lt;!--*[[:Category:Katsushika Hokusai (葛飾北斎) 1760–1849|Katsushika Hokusai]]<br /> *[[Glossary of Ukiyo-e Colorants]]--&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;O&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Okumura Masanobu (奥村政信) 1686–1764|Okumura Masanobu]]<br /> *[[:Category:Okumura Toshinobu (奥村利信) active about 1717–1750|Okumura Toshinobu]]<br /> <br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;R&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Ryūryūkyo Shinsai (柳々居辰斎) 1764?–1820|Ryūryūkyo Shinsai]]<br /> <br /> | style=&quot;width:300px; text-align:left;&quot; |<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;S&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Suzuki Harunobu (鈴木春信) 1725–1770|Suzuki Harunobu]]<br /> <br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Torii Kiyohiro (鳥居清広) active 1737–1776|Torii Kiyohiro]]<br /> *[[:Category:Torii Kiyomasu I (鳥居清倍) active about 1696–1716|Torii Kiyomasu I]]<br /> *[[:Category:Torii Kiyomasu II (鳥居清倍) 1706–1763|Torii Kiyomasu II]]<br /> *[[:Category:Torii Kiyomitsu I (鳥居清満) 1735–1785|Torii Kiyomitsu I]]<br /> *[[:Category:Torii Kiyonaga (鳥居清長) 1752–1815|Torii Kiyonaga]]<br /> *[[:Category:Torii Kiyonobu I (鳥居清信) 1664–1729|Torii Kiyonobu I]]<br /> *[[:Category:Torii Kiyotada I (鳥居清忠) active about 1720–1750|Torii Kiyotada I]]<br /> *[[:Category:Tōshūsai Sharaku (東洲斎写楽) active 1794–1795|Tōshūsai Sharaku]]<br /> *[[:Category:Totoya Hokkei (魚屋北渓) 1780–1850|Totoya Hokkei]]<br /> <br /> | style=&quot;width:300px; text-align:left;&quot; |<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;U&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Utagawa Hiroshige I (歌川広重) 1797–1858|Utagawa Hiroshige I]]<br /> *[[:Category:Utagawa Hiroshige II (二代目歌川広重) 1826–1869|Utagawa Hiroshige II]]<br /> *[[:Category:Utagawa Kunisada, Toyokuni III (歌川国貞・三代目歌川豊国) 1786–1864|Utagawa Kunisada (Toyokuni III)]]<br /> *[[:Category:Utagawa Kuniyoshi (歌川国芳) 1797–1861|Utagawa Kuniyoshi]]<br /> *[[:Category:Utagawa Toyosharu (歌川豊春) 1735–1814|Utagawa Toyoharu]]<br /> *[[:Category:Utagawa Toyokuni I (歌川豊国) 1769–1825|Utagawa Toyokuni I]]<br /> <br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Y&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Yanagawa Shigenobu I (柳川重信) 1787–1832|Yanagawa Shigenobu I]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;!--<br /> {| <br /> |- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;width:300px; text-align:left;&quot; |<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Ippitsusai Buncho (一筆斎文調) active about 1765–1792|Buncho, Ippitsusai]]<br /> <br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;E&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Keisai Eisen (渓斎英泉) 1790–1848|Eisen, Keisai]]<br /> *[[:Category:Chobunsai Eishi (鳥文斎栄之) 1756–1829|Eishi, Chobunsai]]<br /> *[[:Category:Kikukawa Eizan (菊川英山) 1787–1867|Eizan, Kikukawa]]<br /> <br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;H&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Utagawa Hiroshige I (歌川広重) 1797–1858|Hiroshige I, Utagawa]]<br /> *[[:Category:Utagawa Hiroshige II (二代目歌川広重) 1826–1869|Hiroshige II, Utagawa]]<br /> *[[:Category:Suzuki Harunobu (鈴木春信) 1725–1770|Harunobu, Suzuki]]<br /> *[[:Category:Totoya Hokkei (魚屋北渓) 1780–1850|Hokkei, Totoya]]<br /> *[[:Category:Katsushika Hokusai (葛飾北斎) 1760–1849|Hokusai, Katsushika]]<br /> *[[Glossary of Ukiyo-e Colorants]]<br /> <br /> | style=&quot;width:300px; text-align:left;&quot; |<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;K&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Torii Kiyohiro (鳥居清広) active 1737–1776|Kiyohiro, Torii]]<br /> *[[:Category:Torii Kiyomasu I (鳥居清倍) active about 1696–1716|Kiyomasu I, Torii]]<br /> *[[:Category:Torii Kiyomasu II (鳥居清倍) 1706–1763|Kiyomasu II, Torii]]<br /> *[[:Category:Torii Kiyomitsu I (鳥居清満) 1735–1785|Kiyomitsu I, Torii]]<br /> *[[:Category:Torii Kiyonaga (鳥居清長) 1752–1815|Kiyonaga, Torii]]<br /> *[[:Category:Torii Kiyotada I (鳥居清忠) active about 1720–1750|Kiyotada I, Torii]]<br /> *[[:Category:Komatsuken (小松軒)|Komatsuken]]<br /> *[[:Category:Isoda Koryusai (礒田湖龍斎) 1735–1790|Koryusai, Isoda]]<br /> *[[:Category:Utagawa Kunisada, Toyokuni III (歌川国貞・三代目歌川豊国) 1786–1864|Kunisada, Utagawa (Toyokuni III)]]<br /> *[[:Category:Utagawa Kuniyoshi (歌川国芳) 1797–1861|Kuniyoshi, Utagawa]]<br /> <br /> | style=&quot;width:300px; text-align:left;&quot; |<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;M&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Okumura Masanobu (奥村政信) 1686–1764|Masanobu, Okumura]]<br /> <br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;S&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Toshusai Sharaku (東洲斎写楽) active 1794–1795|Sharaku, Toshusai]]<br /> *[[:Category:Kitao Shigemasa (北尾重政) 1739–1820|Shigemasa, Kitao]]<br /> *[[:Category:Yanagawa Shigenobu I (柳川重信) 1787–1832|Shigenobu I, Yanagawa]]<br /> *[[:Category:Ryuryukyo Shinsai (柳々居辰斎) 1764?–1820|Shinsai, Ryuryukyo]]<br /> *[[:Category:Katsukawa Shunko (勝川春好) 1743–1812|Shunko, Katsukawa]]<br /> *[[:Category:Kubo Shunman (窪俊満) 1757–1820|Shunman, Kubo]]<br /> *[[:Category:Katsukawa Shunsho (勝川春章) 1726–1792|Shunsho, Katsukawa]]<br /> <br /> | style=&quot;width:300px; text-align:left;&quot; |<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Katsushika Taito II (葛飾戴斗) active about 1810–1853|Taito II, Katsushika]]<br /> *[[:Category:Okumura Toshinobu (奥村利信) active about 1717–1750|Toshinobu, Okumura]]<br /> *[[:Category:Utagawa Toyoharu (歌川豊春) 1735–1814|Toyoharu, Utagawa]]<br /> *[[:Category:Utagawa Toyokuni I (歌川豊国) 1769–1825|Toyokuni I, Utagawa]]<br /> *[[:Category:Ishikawa Toyonobu (石川豊信) 1711–1785|Toyonobu, Ishikawa]]<br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%;&gt;&lt;b&gt;U&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> *[[:Category:Kitagawa Utamaro I (喜多川歌麿) early 1750s–1806|Utamaro I, Kitagawa]]<br /> |}<br /> --&gt;<br /> <br /> === Bibliography===<br /> [[Bibliography|'''A list of publications and resources''']] on the identification of colorants in Japanese woodblock prints.<br /> <br /> === About the Collection ===<br /> <br /> [[File:SC206467.jpg|500px|right|link=https://collections.mfa.org/objects/497727|Woodblock Printer, Print Shop, Distributing New Prints by Kitagawa Utamaro]]<br /> <br /> The MFA has over 50,000 Japanese prints and approximately 3,000 titles of illustrated books covering the Edo period (1603–1868) to the present. The Japanese woodblock print collection spans the Edo period from its birth to color printing to its height as a commercial product and to its end in the Meiji period (1868–1912). This collection represents not only the breadth of artists working at the time but also multiple impressions and editions, making it a comprehensive resource for scholarship, research, and teaching. Collections from prominent Bostonians such as William Sturgis Bigelow, Denman Ross, and the Spaulding brothers at the turn of the century form the basis of the collection. Furthermore, the [https://collections.mfa.org/search/Objects/creditline%3AWilliam%20S.%20and%20John%20T.%20Spaulding%20Collection/*/images?page=1&amp;sort=displayDate-asc William S. and John T. Spaulding Collection],​ which is comprised of over 6,000 prints, is available to researchers and educators as an important study collection. Because the Spaulding Collection is not exhibited, these prints generally display remarkable preservation of the colorants making it a valuable benchmark for the study of color and palette.<br /> <br /> ==== Acknowledgement ====<br /> The colorant research comes out of a long collaboration between the Asian Conservation Studio and Scientific Research Laboratory that was led by Joan Wright and Michele Derrick. We would like to thank the many volunteers who contributed to this research. We are also grateful to Richard and JoAnn Pinkowitz for donating to this database project which allowed us to bring the Ukiyo-e Print Colorant Database online.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Reference Collections]]</div> MAdachi https://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Triphenyl_phosphate Triphenyl phosphate 2024-03-18T13:13:36Z <p>MDerrick: </p> <hr /> <div>==Description== <br /> An aromatic phosphate that was commonly used as a [[flame retardant]] and [[plasticizer]]. Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) was placed on the EPA Toxic Substance list in 2014 as a compound that exhibits acute and chronic aquatic toxicity. As of 2024 its use has not been restricted. Major commercial uses include paints, coatings, adhesives, plastics, rubber products, textiles, and electronics.<br /> <br /> As a flame retardant, TPhP decomposes with heat to form [[phosphoric acid]], then further reacts to form pyrophosphoric acid which acts as a heat transfer blocker. Until the mid-1990s brominated flame retardants (BRFs) were most commonly used. When BFRs were phased out due to environmental concerns, they were replaced by organophosphate flame retardants (OPFR), that are now considered to be the most effective flame retardant. In the production processes, TPhP is physically mixed with materials rather than chemically bonded. Thus, it can migrate out of the material via volatilization, leaching, abrasion or dissolution. <br /> <br /> As a non-volatile plasticizer, triphenyl phosphate increases the diffusion coefficients of the solvents thereby decreasing drying times for coatings.<br /> <br /> == Synonyms and Related Terms ==<br /> TPhP; TPP<br /> <br /> ==Applications== <br /> * Flame retardant in electronic equipment, building materials, furniture, hydraulic fluids and plastics<br /> * Plasticizer often used in glues, varnishes, nail polishes, and casting resins<br /> <br /> ==Risks== <br /> * Low toxicity by dermal and oral contact but some studies have linked TPhP to reproductive and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, metabolic disruption, and endocrine effects.<br /> * Considered hazardous waste; Do not dispose via drains.<br /> * Widely detected in sediment, soil, indoor dust, and air due to its extensive use.<br /> * Biodegrades in water but is considered toxic to aquatic organisms potentially producing long-term adverse effects.<br /> * ThermoFisher: [https://assets.thermofisher.com/DirectWebViewer/private/document.aspx?prd=ACR14767~~PDF~~MTR~~KOSD~~EN~~2022-05-27%2018:34:45~~Triphenyl%20phosphate~~ SDS]<br /> [[[SliderGallery rightalign|Wiley_TPP_FTIR.png~FTIR (Wiley)]]]<br /> ==Physical and Chemical Properties==<br /> * Chemical formula = C18H15O4P<br /> * Molecular weight = 326.288 g·mol−1<br /> * Appearance = Colorless solid<br /> * Density = 1.2-1.3 g/mL<br /> * Melting point = 47-53 °C (116-127 °F)<br /> * Boiling point = 244 °C (471 °F)<br /> * Water solubility = 0.7-1.9 mg/L<br /> * Refractive Index = 1.550<br /> <br /> ==Resources and Citations==<br /> * Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triphenyl_phosphate Triphenyl phosphate] Accessed Mar 2024<br /> * European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): [https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/d6e2e15e-41af-b344-90c3-3c8875aa4b31 Identification of Triphenyl Phosphate]<br /> * Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): [https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/documents/casrn_115-86-6_triphenyl_phosphate_tpp_final_scope.pdf Risk Evaluation for Triphenyl Phosphate]<br /> * Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/115866.html Triphenyl phosphate]<br /> * Zhongshi Hong, Yachen Li, Xian Deng, Mingliang Chen, Jianpeng Pan, Zhichuan Chen, Xu Zhang, Chunxiao Wang, Chengzhi Qiu, 'Comprehensive analysis of triphenyl phosphate: An environmental explanation of colorectal cancer progression', ''Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety'', Vol. 241, 2022, p.113778. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651322006182 Link]<br /> * Raj Kumar Arya, Harmandeep Kaur, Manju Rawat, Jyoti Sharma, Avinash Chandra, Sanjeev Ahuja, 'Influence of plasticizer (triphenyl phosphate) loading on drying of binary coatings: Poly(styrene)-p-xylene coatings', ''Progress in Organic Coatings'', Vol. 150, 2021, p.106001. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300944020312121 Link]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Materials database]]</div> MDerrick https://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Damask:_Plants/Flowers:_Blue:_FS0999 Damask: Plants/Flowers: Blue: FS0999 2024-03-05T18:35:04Z <p>AndrewH: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Asian Silk Data<br /> |Classification=Damask<br /> |Design=Plants/Flowers, Animals/Birds<br /> |Pattern Name=Floral Arabesques with Dragons<br /> |Base Color=Blue<br /> |Structural Weave=Satin<br /> |Pattern Weave=Brocade<br /> |Warp Material=Silk<br /> |Weft Material=Silk<br /> |Warp Color=Blue<br /> |Weft Color=White<br /> |Warp Thread count/cm=120<br /> |Weft Thread count/cm=30<br /> |Pattern Length repeat (cm)=5.2<br /> |Pattern Width repeat (cm)=5.2<br /> |Notes=Silk Damask with a pattern of Floral Arabesques with Dragons<br /> |institution image=[[Image:NMMA.png|link=https://asia.si.edu/]]<br /> |Image front=Donsu-BL-<br /> |Image back=Donsu-BL-<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Fabric- Damask]]<br /> [[Category:Base Color- Blue]]<br /> [[Category:Design- Animals/Birds, Plants/Flowers]]<br /> [[Category:Weave- Satin]]<br /> [[Category:Pattern- Brocade]]<br /> [[Category:Material- Silk]]</div> AndrewH https://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Neoteric_solvent Neoteric solvent 2024-02-27T16:57:46Z <p>MDerrick: /* Resources and Citations */</p> <hr /> <div>==Description== <br /> A class of natural bioactive compounds that can be extracted from food processing waste and biomass waste (cellulose products). Neoteric solvents can replace conventional organic solvents for extractions and thus are considered a greener alternative. Since these solvents are prepared from starting components of natural origin, they are inherently non-toxic, sustainable, economical and environmentally viable. Most have properties such as thermal stability, low vapor pressure, low toxicity, non-volatility, air and water stability, recyclability and good solvent recovery. <br /> <br /> Subsets of these bioactive substances include:<br /> * Ionic liquids: compounds composed entirely of ions and are in liquid state under 100°C. They are regarded as designer solvents given that their physical attributes can be regulated by the combination of different sets of anions and cations.<br /> * Eutectic solvents: compounds composed of hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) and hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs). The HBDs are amines, amino acids, alcohols, sugars and carboxylic acids, whereas quaternary ammonium salts act as the HBAs. Most have a melting point below 150°C and a few are below 50 °C.<br /> * Bio-based solvents: compounds obtained from biomass through fermentation, esterification or enzymatic processes. They include furfural, lactic acids, levulinic acid, fatty acid esters, hydroxymethylfurfural and their esters, glycols, terpenes alcohols of low molecular weight and glycerol derivatives.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Synonyms and Related Terms ==<br /> bio-solvent; ionic liquid; eutectic solvent; biomass-derived solvents<br /> <br /> ==Applications== <br /> <br /> ==Risks==<br /> <br /> ==Physical and Chemical Properties==<br /> <br /> ==Resources and Citations==<br /> * Conservation Online Commuminty (FAIC), Discussion on 'Ultrasonic Cleaning of Paper Artefacts', includes mention of some neoteric solvents used in the cleaning processes. [https://community.culturalheritage.org/discussion/ultrasonic-cleaning-of-paper-artefacts#bmedb2c40f-f915-4ae9-a220-27516ee7b07a Link]<br /> * Raquel Cañadas, María González-Miquel, Emilio J. González, Ismael Díaz, Manuel Rodríguez, 'Overview of neoteric solvents as extractants in food industry: A focus on phenolic compounds separation from liquid streams', ''Food Research International'', Volume 136, 2020. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109558 Link]<br /> * Sequeira, Rosy Alphons and Mondal, Dibyendu and Prasad, Kamalesh, 'Neoteric solvent-based blue biorefinery: for chemicals, functional materials and fuels from oceanic biomass', &quot;Green Chem.&quot;, Vol. 23(22), 2021. [https://doi.org/10.1039/D1GC03184H Link]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Materials database]]</div> MDerrick https://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Sandwich_panel Sandwich panel 2024-02-07T20:16:20Z <p>MDerrick: /* Description */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:Aluminium composite material.png|thumb|Diagram of a sandwich panel structure uploaded from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandwich_panel#/media/File:Aluminium_composite_material.png Wikimedia]]]<br /> [[File:FomeCor.jpg|thumb|Fome-Cor]]<br /> [[File:archpaperhoneycomb side.jpg|thumb|Archival honeycomb board]]<br /> [[File:Sandwich-Panel-Example.jpg|thumb|Multi-layer sandwich board diagram from [https://www.panelbuilt.com/blog/what-are-sandwich-panels Panel Built.com]]]<br /> ==Description== <br /> A special class of composite materials that is fabricated by attaching two thin, stiff skins to a lightweight core. The core material is normally of low strength, but its greater thickness provides a sandwich composite that has high bending stiffness but low density. Commonly used core materials include foams ([[Polyether sulfone|polyethersulfone]], [[Polyvinyl chloride|polyvinylchloride]], [[polyurethane]], [[polyethylene]], [[polystyrene]]), balsa wood, gypsum; fiberglass, corrugated sheets, and honeycombs (paper, aluminum, aramid). The skin material may be sheets of paper, cloth, metal, glass, carbon fiber or polymeric. Sandwich panels are used in applications to provide a combination of high structural rigidity and low weight.<br /> <br /> == Synonyms and Related Terms ==<br /> sandwich board; sandwich plate; support board; foam core; composite board; sandwich-structure composite; honeycomb panel<br /> <br /> ==Applications==<br /> * Construction<br /> <br /> ==Working Properties== <br /> ==Risks== <br /> ==Forms and Sizes==<br /> ==Physical and Chemical Properties==<br /> <br /> ==Resources and Citations==<br /> * Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandwich_panel Sandwich panel]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Materials database]] [[Category:MWG]]</div> MDerrick https://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Ceramic_foam Ceramic foam 2024-02-07T18:07:53Z <p>MDerrick: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:Silicon-Carbide-SiC-Foam-1440x1080.jpg|thumb|SEM image of Silicon carbide foam (15x) from ERG Aerospace]]<br /> ==Description== <br /> A stiff, lightweight foam made from ceramics. Ceramic foams are usually manufactured by impregnating open-cell polymer foams internally with ceramic slurry and then firing in a kiln, leaving behind only ceramic material. This produces an open-cell structure that has a very high porosity, with typically 75-95% of the volume consisting of void spaces. The strength of foamed material possesses a power law relationship to its density: for example, a 20% dense material is more than twice as strong as a 10% dense material. Surprisingly, foamed ceramics exhibit a toughness and strength that bulk ceramics do not have. This is because, when a crack occurs, its travel stops at an open-cell, rather than propagating through the material.<br /> <br /> == Synonyms and Related Terms ==<br /> Foamed ceramic; <br /> <br /> Commercial products: Duocel (ERG); Techfil (Tech Ceramic)<br /> <br /> ==Applications== <br /> * thermal insulation, acoustic insulation<br /> * adsorption of environmental pollutants <br /> * filtration of molten metal alloys<br /> <br /> ==Physical and Chemical Properties== <br /> * Resistant to acids and oxidation <br /> * Relative density = 4-30% (compared to bulk material) <br /> * Compressive strength = 2800 psi (Duocel Silicon carbide foam at 10-12% relative density) <br /> * Mohs hardness = 9 (Duocel Silicon carbide foam at 10-12% relative density) <br /> <br /> ==Resources and Citations==<br /> * American Elements: [https://www.americanelements.com/foams.html Foams]<br /> * Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic_foam Ceramic foam]<br /> * Tech Ceramic: [https://www.techceramic.com/products/ceramic-foams/ Ceramic foams]<br /> * ERG: [https://ergaerospace.com/ceramic-foam/ Duocel Ceramic foam]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Materials database]] [[Category:MWG]]</div> MDerrick https://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Aluminum_foam Aluminum foam 2024-02-07T17:01:36Z <p>MDerrick: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:Aluminum foams.jpg|thumb|Aluminum foams&lt;br&gt;sold by McMaster-Carr]]<br /> [[File:Al foam formed.jpg|thumb|Formed aluminum foam from Wikipedia [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alv%C3%A9oles_4.jpg link]]]<br /> ==Description== <br /> Lightweight metallic sheets usually formed air or gas injected into the molten aluminum. Aluminum foams are very strong, nonflammable and eco-friendly. They have excellent impact absorption and are used for collision protection in transport systems; however, unlike polymer foams, when an impact happens, they remain deformed and can only be used once. <br /> <br /> Foamed metals are available both in closed cell and open cell forms.<br /> * Open-celled metal foams are usually replicas produced using open-celled polyurethane foams as a skeleton<br /> * Closed-cell metal foams have been developed since the 1950s, but although prototypes were available, commercial production was started only in the 1990s. They made by injecting a gas into molten metal forming pores, or cells, about 1 to 8 mm in size.<br /> <br /> == Synonyms and Related Terms ==<br /> foamed aluminum; metal sponge<br /> <br /> Commercial products: [https://ergaerospace.com/aluminum-foam-cell-structure-material/ Duocel]<br /> <br /> ==Applications== <br /> * Sound and impact insulation<br /> * Architectural facades<br /> * Lightweight case construction <br /> * Heat exchangers <br /> <br /> ==Physical and Chemical Properties==<br /> * Lightweight with high strength to weight ratio<br /> * Density (relative to solid As) = 4-12% is most common<br /> * Compression strength = 367 psi (at 8% relative density)<br /> * Tensile strength = 180 psi (at 8% relative density)<br /> * Melting point = 1220f (660C)<br /> <br /> ==Working Properties== <br /> * Carbide- or diamond-tipped blades are required for machining<br /> * Joined by brazing, adhesive bonding, mechanical fasteners, or soldering<br /> <br /> ==Forms and Sizes==<br /> * Thicknesses from 1/2&quot; to 2&quot;<br /> * Sheets available 6'x6' or 12'x12' (McMaster-Carr)<br /> <br /> ==Resources and Citations==<br /> * Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_foam# Metal foam] Accessed Feb. 2024<br /> * American Elements: [https://www.americanelements.com/foams.html Foams]<br /> * McMaster-Carr: [https://www.mcmaster.com/products/foam-core-boards/lightweight-aluminum-foam/ Aluminum foam]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Materials database]] [[Category:MWG]]</div> MDerrick https://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Cellulose-based_foam Cellulose-based foam 2024-02-06T16:25:34Z <p>MDerrick: /* Resources and Citations */</p> <hr /> <div>==Description== <br /> A solid foam designed using natural plant based materials. Biobased foams often mimic the cellular structure of wood. These porous, lightweight materials typically manufactured using cellulose fibers dispersed in a foaming agent or gel such as cellulose ester, or methyl cellulose. The biobased foams should be recyclable with cardboard. These cellulose foams exhibit antimicrobial properties, mechanical anisotropy, and high thermal insulation. Some alternatives are using wheat gluten for the gel formation in order to produce flame-retardant materials.<br /> <br /> == Synonyms and Related Terms ==<br /> cellulose foam; biobased foam; starch foam; methyl cellulose foam<br /> <br /> ==Applications==<br /> * Packaging; shipping<br /> <br /> ==Risks== <br /> * Loose structural integrity with age<br /> <br /> ==Physical and Chemical Properties==<br /> * Some types dissolve in water<br /> <br /> ==Resources and Citations==<br /> * Miranda-Valdez, I.Y., Coffeng, S., Zhou, Y. et al. Foam-formed biocomposites based on cellulose products and lignin. Cellulose 30, 2253–2266 (2023). [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-05041-3 link]<br /> * Qiong Wu, Richard L. Andersson, Tim Holgate, Eva Johansson,c Ulf W. Gedde, Richard T. Olsson and Mikael S. Hedenqvist, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014,2, 20996-21009.[https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2014/ta/c4ta04787g link]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Materials database]] [[Category:MWG]]</div> MDerrick https://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Memory_foam Memory foam 2024-02-05T15:22:41Z <p>MDerrick: </p> <hr /> <div>==Description== <br /> A type of [[polyurethane]] foam, is known for its ability to contour to the body’s shape and provide excellent pressure relief. Memory foam, also known as viscoelastic foam, and was invented by researchers for NASA who were tasked with developing a more comfortable foam for test pilots and astronauts. This foam material reacts to body heat, allowing it to mold and adapt to the sleeper. Memory foam is commonly used in mattresses, pillows, and medical applications.<br /> <br /> == Synonyms and Related Terms ==<br /> Viscoelastic foam<br /> <br /> ==Applications==<br /> * Cushions, mattresses, pillows <br /> * Carpet underlay<br /> * Vapor barriers <br /> <br /> ==Physical and Chemical Properties==<br /> * Weight = 3.2 lb/cft<br /> * Density 2.8-4.0 g/ml<br /> * Lifespan = 8-10 years<br /> <br /> ==Resources and Citations==<br /> * Foamorder: [https://www.foamorder.com/learning-center/foam-information/foam-types Memory foam]]<br /> * Foam How: [https://foamhow.com/foam-quick-reference-guide.pdf Quick Reference Guide]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Materials database]]</div> MDerrick