Difference between revisions of "Zinc yellow"

Latest revision as of 12:10, 6 June 2022

Zinc yellow at 500x

Description

Zinc yellow at 500x polarized light

A bright greenish yellow pigment derived by reacting Zinc oxide with Potassium dichromate solutions. The color shades of zinc yellow are variable depending on the proportions of each component. Vauquelin discovered the zinc yellow in 1809, but it was not developed as an artist colorant until 1847 by Murdock. Zinc yellow is toxic, stable to light, and unaffected by Hydrogen sulfide. However, it has less covering power than chrome yellow. The pure material has been used in oil and watercolors in recent years, but most zinc yellow is used in mixtures: a mixture with Prussian blue is sold as zinc chrome green and a mixture with Strontium yellow and Barium yellow is sold under the name Lemon yellow or Citron yellow. Zinc yellow is also used as a rust inhibitor and as a plastic colorant.

Synonyms and Related Terms

zinc chromate (VI) hydroxide; Pigment Yellow 36; CI 77955; Zinkgelb (Deut.); Zinkchromat (Deut.); jaune de zinc (Fr.); chromate de zinc (Fr.); chromate de jaune (Fr.); kitrino toy tsigkoy (Gr.); giallo di zinco (It.); giallo d'oro (It.); amarillo de cinc (Esp.); zinkchromaat (Ned.); amarelo de zinco (Port.); cromato de cinc (Esp.), cromato de zinco (Port.); zinc chromate yellow; zinc potassium chromate; buttercup yellow; primrose yellow; citron yellow; zinc chrome; permanent yellow; ultramarine yellow; yellow button of gold; lemon yellow

FTIR (MFA)

Raman (UCL)

SEM

EDS

Risks

Human carcinogen.
Skin contact may cause allergies.
Acute ingestion may cause fatal chromium poisoning.
Chronic inhalation may cause lung cancer and respiratory irritation.
May effloresce in humid conditions.
May turn green with age.
Sissons Paints: MSDS

Physical and Chemical Properties

Soluble in dilute acids including acetic acid.
Insoluble in water (for modern synthetic zinc yellow); Some zinc yellows made in the 19th c. were slightly water soluble and were noted to effloresce in humid conditions (Doerner 1934).
Appears microscopically as tiny round particles with a strong birefringence

Composition	4ZnO.4CrO3.K2O.3H2O
CAS	37300-23-5
Density	3.4- 3.46 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.84 - 1.9

Resources and Citations

H. Kuhn, M.Curran, "Chrome Yellow and Other Chromate Pigments", Artists Pigments, Volume 1, R. Feller (ed.), Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1986.

R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966 Comment: (density 3.46 and ref. index 1.84-1.9

M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934

G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 888

Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)

Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985

Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979

The Merck Index, Susan Budavari (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Whitehouse Station, NJ, 12th Edition, 1996 Comment: entry 9933

Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org

Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[File:13_Zinc_yellow_deep_500X.jpg|thumb|Zinc yellow]]
+[[File:13_Zinc_yellow_deep_500X.jpg|thumb|Zinc yellow at 500x]]
 == Description ==
+[[File:13_Zinc_yellow_deep_500X_pol.jpg|thumb|Zinc yellow at 500x polarized light]]
+A bright greenish yellow pigment derived by reacting [[zinc%20oxide|zinc oxide]] with [[potassium%20dichromate|potassium dichromate]] solutions. The color shades of zinc yellow are variable depending on the proportions of each component.  Vauquelin discovered the zinc yellow in 1809, but it was not developed as an artist colorant until 1847 by Murdock. Zinc yellow is toxic, stable to light, and unaffected by [[hydrogen%20sulfide|hydrogen sulfide]]. However, it has less covering power than chrome yellow. The pure material has been used in oil and watercolors in recent years, but most zinc yellow is used in mixtures: a mixture with Prussian blue is sold as zinc chrome green and a mixture with [[strontium%20yellow|strontium yellow]] and [[barium%20yellow|barium yellow]] is sold under the name [[lemon%20yellow|lemon yellow]] or [[citron%20yellow|citron yellow]]. Zinc yellow is also used as a rust inhibitor and as a plastic colorant.
-A bright greenish yellow pigment derived by reacting [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=zinc%20oxide zinc oxide] with [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=potassium%20dichromate potassium dichromate] solutions. The color shades of zinc yellow are variable depending on the proportions of each component.  Vauquelin discovered the zinc yellow in 1809, but it was not developed as an artist colorant until 1847 by Murdock. Zinc yellow is toxic, stable to light, and unaffected by [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=hydrogen%20sulfide hydrogen sulfide]. However, it has less covering power than chrome yellow. The pure material has been used in oil and watercolors in recent years, but most zinc yellow is used in mixtures: a mixture with Prussian blue is sold as zinc chrome green and a mixture with [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=strontium%20yellow strontium yellow] and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=barium%20yellow barium yellow] is sold under the name [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=lemon%20yellow lemon yellow] or [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=citron%20yellow citron yellow]. Zinc yellow is also used as a rust inhibitor and as a plastic colorant.
-[[File:13_Zinc_yellow_deep_500X_pol.jpg|thumb|Zinc yellow]]
 == Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 zinc chromate (VI) hydroxide; Pigment Yellow 36; CI 77955; Zinkgelb (Deut.); Zinkchromat (Deut.); jaune de zinc (Fr.); chromate de zinc (Fr.); chromate de jaune (Fr.); kitrino toy tsigkoy (Gr.); giallo di zinco (It.); giallo d'oro (It.); amarillo de cinc (Esp.); zinkchromaat (Ned.); amarelo de zinco (Port.); cromato de cinc (Esp.), cromato de zinco (Port.); zinc chromate yellow; zinc potassium chromate; buttercup yellow; primrose yellow; citron yellow; zinc chrome; permanent yellow; ultramarine yellow; yellow button of gold; lemon yellow
-[[[SliderGallery rightalign|zincyellow531.jpg~Raman|ZincyellUCL.jpg~Raman|MFA- Zinc Yellow.jpg~FTIR|f327sem.jpg~SEM|f327edsbw.jpg~EDS]]]
+[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Zinc yellow, Forbes 59.TIF~FTIR (MFA)|ZincyellUCL.jpg~Raman (UCL)|f327sem.jpg~SEM|f327edsbw.jpg~EDS]]]
-== Other Properties ==
+== Risks ==
-Soluble in dilute acids including acetic acid.
+* Human carcinogen.
+* Skin contact may cause allergies.
+* Acute ingestion may cause fatal chromium poisoning.
+* Chronic inhalation may cause lung cancer and respiratory irritation.
+* May effloresce in humid conditions.
+* May turn green with age.
+* Sissons Paints: [http://www.sissonspaints.com/content/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/MSDS-Q.D.-YELLOW-ZINC-CHROMATE-PRIMER.pdf MSDS]
-Insoluble in water (for modern synthetic zinc yellow); Some zinc yellows made in the 19th c. were slightly water soluble and were noted to effloresce in humid conditions (Doerner 1934).
+== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
-Appears microscopically as tiny round particles with a strong birefringence
+* Soluble in dilute acids including acetic acid.
+* Insoluble in water (for modern synthetic zinc yellow); Some zinc yellows made in the 19th c. were slightly water soluble and were noted to effloresce in humid conditions (Doerner 1934).
+* Appears microscopically as tiny round particles with a strong birefringence
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 28: / Line 35: @@
 |-
 ! scope="row"| Density
-| 3.4- 3.46
+| 3.4- 3.46 g/ml
 |-
 ! scope="row"| Refractive Index
@@ Line 34: / Line 41: @@
 |}
-== Hazards and Safety ==
+== Resources and Citations ==
-Human carcinogen. Skin contact may cause allergies. Acute ingestion may cause fatal chromium poisoning. Chronic inhalation may cause lung cancer and respiratory irritation.
-May effloresce in humid conditions.  May turn green with age.
-== Additional Information ==
-° H. Kuhn, M.Curran, "Chrome Yellow and Other Chromate Pigments", ''Artists Pigments'', Volume 1, R. Feller (ed.), Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1986.
+* H. Kuhn, M.Curran, "Chrome Yellow and Other Chromate Pigments", ''Artists Pigments'', Volume 1, R. Feller (ed.), Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1986.
-== Sources Checked for Data in Record ==
 * R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966  Comment: (density 3.46 and ref. index 1.84-1.9
-* ''Artists' Pigments: A Handbook of their History and Characteristics'', R.L.Feller, ed., Cambridge University Press, London, Vol. 1, 1986  Comment: H. Kuhn, M.Curran, "Chrome Yellow and Other Chromate Pigments"
 * M. Doerner, ''The Materials of the Artist'', Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934