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A old name for [[methane]]. Marsh gas, also called swamp gas, was the 18th century name for the fumes produced from the decomposition of methane; swamp gas; natural gas

A natural gas used for illumination and heating in the 19th century. Coal gas is obtained from the distillation of bituminous [[coal]]. It primarily cont See also [[water gas]].

...e first member of the alkane hydrocarbon series. Methane occurs in natural gas (~85%), as firedamp in coal mines and as the byproduct of petroleum refinin marsh gas; methyl hydride; swamp gas; natural gas; fire damp

...th century for heating and lighting. By 1890, it was replaced with natural gas. In recent years, this method has been used to convert waste products to en ...gas; syngas; dřevoplyn (Ces.); traegas (Dan.); Holzvergasung (Deut.); Gasógeno (Esp.); Gazogène (Fr.); Gassogeno (It.); Gengass (Nor.); Gengas (Sve

...flammable, hydrocarbon gas. Propane occurs in crude petroleum and natural gas. It is used as a fuel, aerosol propellant, and refrigerant. dimethylmethane, propyl hydride; bottled gas

...ide are also released during the combustion of coal, fossil fuels, natural gas, biomass, and refuse. Non-human activity production of carbonyl sulfide co

...t of oxygen and the soot is collected on a sheet of metal above the flame. Gas black is used as a pigment in rubber, plastics and inks.

...ten eggs. Hydrogen sulfide occurs as a component in natural gas, volcanic gas, and sulfur springs. Other sources of the [[pollutant]] include the combus

...iber. Membrane filters are used for desalination, electrolysis procedures, gas separation, and metal extraction.

...lack color was then developed by exposure to light or [[hydrogen sulfide]] gas. Another method used gamma radiation to change the color of Akoya pearls fr * Natural and cultured black pearls: fluoresce reddish brown in long UV light

...onge, vulcanized|vulcanized rubber sponge]], [[foam rubber]], vulcanized [[natural rubber]], [[fur]], [[hair]], [[feather |feathers]], [[leather]], [[vellum]] bromomethane; monobromomethane; Embafume; Brom-O-Gas; Methogas; Terr-O-Gas; maltox

...ng of its presence. For example mercaptan derivatives are added to natural gas so that leaks can be quickly detected. Examples of essential oils used as o

A colorless natural gas with a sweet odor and taste. Ethylene is used as a starting material for ma ethene; elayl; olefiant gas; bicarburetted hydrogen

...lectrodes enclosed in a [[quartz|quartz]] bulb filled with [[xenon|xenon]] gas. Xenon arc lamps were invented in the 1940's in Germany but not sold commer * ASTM, Standard Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials, Annual Book of AS

A substance used to produce gas, bubbles or structural holes in liquids, polymers, plastics, and metals. T ...r injection into pre-polymerized liquids usually results in the release of gas during solidification.

...utylene and isoprene. Butyl rubbers are less permeable to air and gas than natural rubber. They are more resistant to sunlight and weathering but will dissolv

...types of elastomers. Most age better than [[Rubber (natural, vulcanized)|natural rubber]] but are still susceptible to degradation by [[ozone|ozone]] and [[ |[[Neoprene]] ([[polychloroprene]])||Chlorinated, may off-gas acids

...black|bone]], [[ivory black|ivory]], [[cork black|cork]], resins, natural gas, or oil. Carbon black pigments have been used since ancient times. The carb Examples include: lampblack; gas black; diamond black; smoke black; soot black; flame black; furnace black;

...nded. Some battings that are resin bonded may include materials that off-gas or attract pests. Additionally some battings are sold with scrim, or gauze | Natural Cotton

...is composed of fine particles of [[iron|iron]] (<50 mesh) mixed with a natural [[zeolite|zeolite]] and a small amount of [[sulfur|sulfur]] and sea salt ([

...], or [[particulate|particulate]] contaminant. Pollutants are generated by natural and man-made sources, such as decomposition, abrasion, or combustion. Pollu | Fuel combustion, humans, natural gas, marshes, volcanoes, wool, silk, felt, furs, vulcanized rubber, waterlog

* Collins, Chris. “Barrier Films.” The Natural History Museum, 1999. [Http://conservation.myspecies.info/sites/conservatio ...by Design International, 2020. https://www.cxdinternational.com/escal-neo-gas-barrier-film-suesne7755

...ed by treating ultramarine blue with sal ammoniac or dry hydrochloric acid gas at high temperatures. The sodium reacts to form sodium chloride, which is t * J. Plesters, "Ultramarine Blue, Natural and Artificial", ''Artists Pigments'', Volume 2, A. Roy (ed.), Oxford Unive

...ed by treating ultramarine blue with sal ammoniac or dry hydrochloric acid gas at high temperatures. The sodium reacts to form sodium chloride, which is t * J. Plesters, "Ultramarine Blue, Natural and Artificial", ''Artists Pigments'', Volume 2, A. Roy (ed.), Oxford Unive

...countries developed butadiene production capabilities as a replacement for natural rubber. Currently, butadiene is primarily used as a starting material for

...ffers a recoil effect which is several orders of magnitude larger than the natural line width. No resonance is possible between free atoms or molecules

* Inclusions = thread-like liquid and gas inclusions; mirror-like gas-filled fractures [[media:download_file_444.pdf|Natural and Simulated Diamonds]]

...to form a product that retains its given shape. Natural plastics include [[natural%20resin|tree resins]], [[beeswax|beeswax]], [[gutta-percha|gutta-percha]], * Gas barrier, for anoxic treatments

...form of pellets, powder, or fabric. Commercial uses of the sorbent include gas masks, filter systems, decolorizing sugar, solvent recovery, and purificati ...e kool (Ned.); wêgiel aktywny (Pol.); (ACC); black pearsl, charcoal black, natural graphite

...]] for [[fat|fats]], [[oil|oils]], [[rubber|rubber]], [[wax|waxes]], and [[natural resin|resins]]. It has been used as a cleaning fluid, refrigerant, degrease ...heat, moisture and UV light forming highly toxic fumes (phosgene, chlorine gas and hydrogen chloride).

...er|spandex]] or elastane. Spandex has elastic characteristics similar to [[natural rubber]]. Since the 1980s, water-blown flexible polyurethane foams were mad ...chromatography/mass spectrometry and headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry” Journal of Chromatography A, 1218(28) 2

...Aerogels are derived from gels in which the liquid has been replaced with gas while retaining the structure of the solid framework. The first aerogel mat * Natural polymers: [[cellulose]], [[agar]] (SEAgel), [[gelatin]], [[pectin]]

A clear, colorless gas or liquid that smells faintly of almonds. Hydrogen cyanide is usually sold ...Pest Control Measures In The Anthropology Collections, National Museum Of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, ''JAIC'' (35):23-43, 1996

...fluid inclusions not seen in synthetic stones. Synthetic stones may have gas bubbles. [[media:download_file_406.pdf|Properties of Natural and Simulated Diamonds]]

* Chlorine bleaches will release highly toxic chlorine gas when mixed with acids, ammonia or when heated. ...de Graaff, ''The Colourful Past: Origins, Chemistry, and Identification of Natural Dyestuffs'', Archetype, London, 2004 Comment: Claude Berthollet published

Colorless gas with a pungent odor. Sulfur dioxide is a common [[pollutant|pollutant]] pro ...Relative Humidity" Program and Abstracts, Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections, Chicago, 1990.

...ge when rubbed with a cloth. It is easy to carve and was often used in its natural state for jewelry, beads, amulets, and small vessels. Amber was also used a * Inclusions may include gas bubble, flow lines, insects and other types of organic and inorganic materi

A natural, colorless drying oil pressed from the nuts of a [[walnut|walnut]] tree, '' * Mills J.. "Composition and identification of dried oil film: The gas-chromatographic examination of paint media", ''Studies in Conservation'', 1

...ntial for the transfer of dust, dirt, pollutants and pests. In the past, [[natural rubber]], [[paper]], [[metal]], [[felt]], [[asbestos]], and [[cork]] were u | Low gas permeation. High vibration absoprtion (dampening)

...at, and [[lignite|lignite]] as well as by the partial oxidation of natural gas hydrocarbons. Methanol is highly polar and is usually a better solvent than

...arsenic forms [[arsenic%20trioxide|arsenic trioxide]], a white, poisonous gas. Arsenic and its salts are used as [[wood%20preservative|wood preservatives ...Pest Control Measures In The Anthropology Collections, National Museum Of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, ''JAIC'' (35):23-43, 1996

...ressure. Many fiberboards are held together by the interlocking fibers and natural adhesives (wet process); other fiberboards have additional adhesive compone ...ate, and sleepiness. Health risks associated with exposure to formaldehyde gas: eye and respiratory irritation, respiratory difficulty.

...-VOC (see table) are latex or water-based. Some smaller companies provide natural, non-toxic options that contain water, plant oils, plant dyes, milk protein

...the United States, India, Norway, Sri Lanka, and Brazil. Small amounts of natural rutile may have been used as a pale yellow to red brown or nearly black pig ...uced pigment in 1948 using the chloride process. In this method, chlorine gas is reacted with an ore of high titanium dioxide content (generally rutile o

...ts with silica at high temperatures to produce toxic silicon tetrafluoride gas. * J.Gordon Cook, ''Handbook of Textile Fibres:I Natural Fibres'', Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England, 1984