Japan wax

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Description

A pale yellow, soft vegetable wax obtained from the berries of the Japanese sumac tree (Rhus verniciflua) and the Japanese wax tree, (Rhus succedanea). Japan wax is a byproduct of lacquer manufacture. It is not a true wax but a fat that contains 10-15% Palmitic acid, Stearic acid, and Oleic acid with about 1% japanic acid. Japan wax is sold in flat squares or disks and has a rancid odor. It is used in the manufacture of candles, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Japan wax is also used in floor waxes, furniture polishes, pastels, crayons, buffing compounds, metal lubricants, adhesives, and as a substitute for Beeswax.

FTIR

Japan Wax 1933 Harvard plates 86.jpg

Synonyms and Related Terms

Rhus verniciflua (Japanese sumac tree); Rhus succedanea (Japanese wax tree); cera del Giappone (It); Japan tallow; sumac wax; sumach wax; vegetable wax

Risks

Combustible.

Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Soluble in benzene, ether, naphtha and alkalis. Insoluble in water or cold ethanol.
  • Iodine value=4.5-12.6
  • Acid value=6-209
  • Saponification value=206.5-237.5
Melting Point 48-56 C
Density 0.97-0.99 g/ml

Comparisons

Properties of Natural Waxes

Resources and Citations

  • G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 424; melting point = 51C, density = 0.975, saponification value = 220; iodine value = 12
  • Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  • R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966 Comment: melting point = 48-55C
  • Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing) Comment: melting point 50-52C
  • Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982 Comment: melting point = 50-56C
  • John S. Mills, Raymond White, The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects, Butterworth Heineman, London, 2nd ed., 1994
  • A History of Technology, Charles Singer, E.J. Holmyard, A.R. Hall (eds.), Clarendon Press, Oxford, Volume 1: From Early times to Fall of Ancient Empires, 1954
  • CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: melting point=48-53C, density=0.975-0.993, iodine value=4.5-12.5, acid value=6-20, saponification value=206.5-237-5