View source for Tartrazine, Acid Yellow 23, CI 19140, LC

== Usage History ==

A lemon yellow monoazo dye discovered in 1884 by Johann Heinrich Ziegler, a Swiss chemist. [[Tartrazine]] was used to dye many types of fabrics: wool, nylon, jute, leather, silk, paper, and acid dyeable acrylic fibers. Because of its stability and bright color, it also became popular for food and drugs by the early 1900s. 

== Synonyms ==

CI 19140; Tartrazine; Acid Yellow 23; E number E102; FD&C Yellow 5; Acid Yellow 23 Lake; Food Yellow 4; trisodium 1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-5-pyrazolone-3-carboxylate); Tartrazine Yellow N

== Molecular Information ==

* Molecular Formula = C16H9N4Na3O9S2
* Molecular Weight = 534.36 g/mol
[[File:Acid yellow 23 structure.JPG|center|frame|CI 19140, Tartrazine, Acid Yellow 23]]

== Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==

'''Extraction''':  The extraction was carried out as follows: a small sample of thread was extracted with the TFA 2M in 1.5ml eppendorfs for 30 min, in 60ºC water bath, with constant agitation. After extraction, each extract was dried in a vacuum system, where the resulting dry residues were reconstituted with 50 μl H2O: MeOH (80:20,v/v). 


'''HPLC system''': The dye analyses were performed in a Thermofinnigan Surveyor HPLC-DAD system with a Thermofinnigan Surveyor PDA 5 diode array detector (Thermofinnigan, USA), an autosampler and a pump. The samples were injected onto the column via a Rheodyne injector with a 25μl loop. 

'''HPLC Column''': The separations were performed in Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (Agilent, USA) with 5μm particle size column (2.1 mm x 150 mm). The column was kept at controlled temperature (35ºC). 

'''LC program''': A solvent gradient of (A) TEA pH= 6,4 3mM and (B) pure methanolwas used at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min; 0-0,01min A:B (95:5) isocratic, 5 min A:B (90:10) isocratic, 10 min A:B (70:30) isocratic, 15 min A:B (50:50) isocratic, 30 min A:B (45:55) isocratic, 35 min A:B (30:70) isocratic, 45-55 min A:B (5:95) linear, 60-70 min A:B (95:5) linear.

'''LC-DAD-MSn''': The analyses of dyes were performed on a LC-MS with ProStar 410 autosampler, two 212-LC chromatography pumps, a ProStar 335 diode array detector and a 500-MS ion trap mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization (ESI) ion source (Varian, Palo Alto, CA, USA). Data acquisition and processing were performed using Varian MS Control 6.9 software.The separations were carried out using a Zorbax Eclipse Plus (Agilent, USA) with 5 μm particle size column (2.1 mm x 150 mm). The column was kept at controlled temperature (35ºC). The samples were injected onto the column via a Rheodyne injector with a 20 μL loop. The gradient adapted from and described in 2.3.1 was used at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The mass spectra were acquired in negative and positive mode depending on the structures. The optimized parameters were as follows: ion spray voltage,  4,8 kV; capillary voltage, 20 V; RF loading 80%. Nitrogen was used as nebulising and drying gas, at a pressure of 35 and 15 psi; drying gas temperature, 300ºC. The multistage MS (MSn) spectra were obtained with an isolation window of 2.0 Da, excitation energy values of 0,9 to 1,5 V and an excitation time of 10 ms.

[1]

= Chromatograms =


[[File:Acid yellow 23 LC.JPG|center|frame|CI 19140, Tartrazine, Acid Yellow 23, Absorbance at 438 nm (mAU) By Cátia Souto, University of Lisbon, Portugal 2010 [1]]]


== Results ==

[[File:Acid yellow 23 result1.JPG|center|frame|compounds identified, By Souto [1]]]

== References ==

[1] Cátia Susana da Costa Nogueira Souto, "Analysis of Early Synthetic Dyes with HPLC-DAD-MS An important database for analysis of colorants used in cultural heritage", Thesis, Master Degree in Conservation and Restoration of Textiles. UNIVERSIDADE NOVA DE LISBOA, 2010. 

[[Category:Dye Analysis]]
[[Category:Reference Materials]]
[[Category:Synthetic Dyes]]