Ivory black: Difference between revisions
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[[File:ivoryblack C100x.jpg|thumb|Ivory black]] | [[File:ivoryblack C100x.jpg|thumb|Ivory black at 100x (visible light left; UV light right)]] | ||
== Description == | == Description == | ||
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Ivory Black.TIF~FTIR (MFA)|ivoryblackUCL.jpg~Raman|f512sem.jpg~SEM|f512edsbw.jpg~EDS]]] | |||
An impure black carbon pigment originally prepared from charred ivory or horns. Ivory black is a fine-grain, dense black pigment. Current formulations of ivory black usually contain a fine grade of [[bone black]] with some [[Prussian blue]]. Bone black contains about 10% [[carbon]] along with 84% [[calcium hydroxyapatite]] with smaller amounts of [[magnesium phosphate]] and [[calcium carbonate]]. Ivory black is a stable blue-black pigment that is denser than [[carbon black]] and has a good working quality for oil paints and watercolors. | An impure black carbon pigment originally prepared from charred ivory or horns. Ivory black is a fine-grain, dense black pigment. Current formulations of ivory black usually contain a fine grade of [[bone black]] with some [[Prussian blue]]. Bone black contains about 10% [[carbon]] along with 84% [[calcium hydroxyapatite]] with smaller amounts of [[magnesium phosphate]] and [[calcium carbonate]]. Ivory black is a stable blue-black pigment that is denser than [[carbon black]] and has a good working quality for oil paints and watercolors. | ||
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
bone black; Pigment Black 9; CI 77267; Elfenbeinschwarz (Deut.); negro marfil (Esp.); noir d'ivoire (Fr.); mayro elefantodontoy (Gr.); nero d'avorio (It.); ivoorzwart (Ned.); negro de marfim (Port.); abaiser; animal black; drop black; Frankfort black; German black, Paris black | bone black; Pigment Black 9; CI 77267; Elfenbeinschwarz (Deut.); negro marfil (Esp.); noir d'ivoire (Fr.); mayro elefantodontoy (Gr.); nero d'avorio (It.); ivoorzwart (Ned.); negro de marfim (Port.); abaiser; animal black; drop black; Frankfort black; German black, Paris black; | ||
== Risks == | == Risks == | ||
No significant hazards. | * No significant hazards. | ||
== Physical and Chemical Properties == | == Physical and Chemical Properties == | ||
Particles irregularly shaped | * Particles irregularly shaped | ||
* ASTM (1999) lightfastness = I (excellent) | |||
ASTM (1999) lightfastness = I (excellent) | * Refractive Index = 1.65-1.70 | ||
* Density = 0.7-0.8 g.cm3 | |||
Refractive Index = 1.65-1.70 | * Insoluble in water | ||
== Resources and Citations == | == Resources and Citations == | ||
* ''The Dictionary of Art'', Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Pigment" | * ''The Dictionary of Art'', Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Pigment" | ||
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966 | * R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966 | ||
* M. Doerner, ''The Materials of the Artist'', Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934 | * M. Doerner, ''The Materials of the Artist'', Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934 | ||
* Reed Kay, ''The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials'', Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983 | * Reed Kay, ''The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials'', Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983 | ||
* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing) | * Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing) | ||
* R.D. Harley, ''Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835'', Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982 | * R.D. Harley, ''Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835'', Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982 | ||
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982 | * Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982 | ||
* ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996 | * ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996 | ||
* Thomas Gregory, ''The Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942 | * Thomas Gregory, ''The Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942 | ||
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 108 | * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 108 | ||
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | * ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | ||
* Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979 | * Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979 | ||
* Monona Rossol, ''The Artist's Complete Health and Safety Guide'', Allworth Press, New York, 1994 | * Monona Rossol, ''The Artist's Complete Health and Safety Guide'', Allworth Press, New York, 1994 | ||
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000 | |||
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, | * CHSOS: [https://chsopensource.org/products/pigments-checker/pigments-checker-4/pigments-checker-standard-pigments-list/ivory-black-k-12000/ Spectra (Reflectance, XRF, Raman, FTIR) for Ivory black] | ||
* Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_char Bone char] Accessed March 2026 | |||
[[Category:Materials database]] | [[Category:Materials database]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:38, 1 March 2026
Description
An impure black carbon pigment originally prepared from charred ivory or horns. Ivory black is a fine-grain, dense black pigment. Current formulations of ivory black usually contain a fine grade of bone black with some Prussian blue. Bone black contains about 10% carbon along with 84% calcium hydroxyapatite with smaller amounts of magnesium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Ivory black is a stable blue-black pigment that is denser than carbon black and has a good working quality for oil paints and watercolors.
Synonyms and Related Terms
bone black; Pigment Black 9; CI 77267; Elfenbeinschwarz (Deut.); negro marfil (Esp.); noir d'ivoire (Fr.); mayro elefantodontoy (Gr.); nero d'avorio (It.); ivoorzwart (Ned.); negro de marfim (Port.); abaiser; animal black; drop black; Frankfort black; German black, Paris black;
Risks
- No significant hazards.
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Particles irregularly shaped
- ASTM (1999) lightfastness = I (excellent)
- Refractive Index = 1.65-1.70
- Density = 0.7-0.8 g.cm3
- Insoluble in water
Resources and Citations
- The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Pigment"
- R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
- M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
- Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
- Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
- R.D. Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835, Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
- Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
- Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
- Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 108
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
- Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
- Monona Rossol, The Artist's Complete Health and Safety Guide, Allworth Press, New York, 1994
- Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
- CHSOS: Spectra (Reflectance, XRF, Raman, FTIR) for Ivory black
- Wikipedia: Bone char Accessed March 2026