Difference between revisions of "Wax crayon"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | A hard, colored, wax-based stick usually wrapped in a protective paper. The popular | + | A hard, colored, wax-based stick usually wrapped in a protective paper. The popular Crayola® brand crayons were introduced in 1903 by Binney & Smith. Marketed for children, these first crayons contained [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=paraffin%20wax paraffin wax], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=stearic%20acid stearic acid], oil, and pigments. Today, many different quality wax crayons are produced for children as well as for artists. The base for the crayons is a wax (such as paraffin, [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=beeswax beeswax], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=carnauba%20wax carnauba], or [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=polyethylene polyethylene]) mixed with a colorant (pigment or dye). Some soft crayons have small amounts of an oil and/or fat (stearic acid, [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=tallow tallow]) while some hard crayons have a filler ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=kaolin kaolin], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=talc talc]). A few brands produce a water-soluble type crayon that contains an emulsified wax and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=polyethylene%20glycol polyethylene glycol] (Ellis and Yeh 1997). |
[[File:60.1158-SC74241.jpg|thumb|]] | [[File:60.1158-SC74241.jpg|thumb|]] | ||
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
| − | crayon; wax stick; | + | crayon; wax stick; Crayola® [Binney & Smith]; school crayon; Neocolor I [Caran d'Ache]; Munsell Perma Pressed Crayons [Binney & Smith] |
== Other Properties == | == Other Properties == | ||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
== Additional Information == | == Additional Information == | ||
| − | Binney & Smith: [http://www.binney-smith.com/timeline_printversion.cfm Crayola History] M.Holben Ellis, M.Brigitte Yeh,"Categories of Wax-based Drawing Media" WAAC Newsletter, Vol 19(3), 1997. | + | ° Binney & Smith: [http://www.binney-smith.com/timeline_printversion.cfm Crayola History]° M.Holben Ellis, M.Brigitte Yeh,"Categories of Wax-based Drawing Media" WAAC Newsletter, Vol 19(3), 1997. |
== Additional Images == | == Additional Images == | ||
| Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
== Authority == | == Authority == | ||
| − | * | + | * Kurt Wehlte, ''The Materials and Techniques of Painting'', Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1975 Comment: p. 561 |
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 Comment: date 1902 | * ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 Comment: date 1902 | ||
| − | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "crayon." | + | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "crayon." Encyclopædia Britannica. 13 Oct. 2004 . |
| − | * | + | * Website address 1 Comment: www.crayola.com (date 1903) |
| − | * | + | * Book and Paper Group, ''Paper Conservation Catalog'', AIC, 1984, 1989 |
[[Category:Materials database]] | [[Category:Materials database]] | ||
Revision as of 06:31, 24 July 2013
Description
A hard, colored, wax-based stick usually wrapped in a protective paper. The popular Crayola® brand crayons were introduced in 1903 by Binney & Smith. Marketed for children, these first crayons contained paraffin wax, stearic acid, oil, and pigments. Today, many different quality wax crayons are produced for children as well as for artists. The base for the crayons is a wax (such as paraffin, beeswax, carnauba, or polyethylene) mixed with a colorant (pigment or dye). Some soft crayons have small amounts of an oil and/or fat (stearic acid, tallow) while some hard crayons have a filler (kaolin, talc). A few brands produce a water-soluble type crayon that contains an emulsified wax and polyethylene glycol (Ellis and Yeh 1997).
Synonyms and Related Terms
crayon; wax stick; Crayola® [Binney & Smith]; school crayon; Neocolor I [Caran d'Ache]; Munsell Perma Pressed Crayons [Binney & Smith]
Other Properties
Soluble in petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents.
Hazards and Safety
Halos may form when used on absorbent material. Bloom may form on surface.
Additional Information
° Binney & Smith: Crayola History° M.Holben Ellis, M.Brigitte Yeh,"Categories of Wax-based Drawing Media" WAAC Newsletter, Vol 19(3), 1997.
Additional Images
Rubens Crayola Artists' Crayon
Authority
- Kurt Wehlte, The Materials and Techniques of Painting, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1975 Comment: p. 561
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 Comment: date 1902
- Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "crayon." Encyclopædia Britannica. 13 Oct. 2004 .
- Website address 1 Comment: www.crayola.com (date 1903)
- Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989