Difference between revisions of "Shale"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | An abundant sedimentary rock consolidated from layers of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=clay clay] and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=mud mud]. Shale has very fine grains and a laminated structure that fractures easily along the bedding lines. The stone is soft, smooth, and can feel greasy. Shale is composed of clay (>30%) and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=silica silica] along with smaller quantities of carbonates, feldspars, iron oxides, fossils, and organic matter (called shale oil). Shale oil, or kerogen, is a sulfurous hydrocarbon that can be refined as a source of fuel. Shale can vary in color from gray, brown, black, green, or red. Shale is used in the manufacture of ceramics, tile, and brick. It is also a source of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=alumina alumina] for [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=portland | + | An abundant sedimentary rock consolidated from layers of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=clay clay] and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=mud mud]. Shale has very fine grains and a laminated structure that fractures easily along the bedding lines. The stone is soft, smooth, and can feel greasy. Shale is composed of clay (>30%) and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=silica silica] along with smaller quantities of carbonates, feldspars, iron oxides, fossils, and organic matter (called shale oil). Shale oil, or kerogen, is a sulfurous hydrocarbon that can be refined as a source of fuel. Shale can vary in color from gray, brown, black, green, or red. Shale is used in the manufacture of ceramics, tile, and brick. It is also a source of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=alumina alumina] for [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=portland%20cement portland cement]. |
[[File:shalearenaceous1large.jpg|thumb|Shale]] | [[File:shalearenaceous1large.jpg|thumb|Shale]] | ||
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== Authority == | == Authority == | ||
| − | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "shale" | + | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "shale" Encyclopædia Britannica [Accessed January 22, 2002]. |
| − | * | + | * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979 |
* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005) | * Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005) | ||
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* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | * ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | ||
| − | * | + | * Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997 |
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | * ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | ||
| − | * | + | * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 703 |
[[Category:Materials database]] | [[Category:Materials database]] | ||
Revision as of 07:41, 24 July 2013
Description
An abundant sedimentary rock consolidated from layers of clay and mud. Shale has very fine grains and a laminated structure that fractures easily along the bedding lines. The stone is soft, smooth, and can feel greasy. Shale is composed of clay (>30%) and silica along with smaller quantities of carbonates, feldspars, iron oxides, fossils, and organic matter (called shale oil). Shale oil, or kerogen, is a sulfurous hydrocarbon that can be refined as a source of fuel. Shale can vary in color from gray, brown, black, green, or red. Shale is used in the manufacture of ceramics, tile, and brick. It is also a source of alumina for portland cement.
Synonyms and Related Terms
layered mudstone; skifer (Dan.); Schiefer (Deut.); schiste (Fr.); schalie (Ned.); argilito (Port.)
Authority
- Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "shale" Encyclopædia Britannica [Accessed January 22, 2002].
- C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005)
- Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
- Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 703