Difference between revisions of "Buffer"
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A chemical or combination of chemicals that minimizes the change in pH of a solution when an acid or alkali is added. Buffers are usually a weak acid (or base) paired with its conjugate salt. Many natural substances, such as sea water, soil and blood contain buffers. Examples of buffer pairs are: | A chemical or combination of chemicals that minimizes the change in pH of a solution when an acid or alkali is added. Buffers are usually a weak acid (or base) paired with its conjugate salt. Many natural substances, such as sea water, soil and blood contain buffers. Examples of buffer pairs are: | ||
| − | - [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=Acetic | + | - [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=Acetic%20acid Acetic acid] / [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sodium%20acetate sodium acetate]: buffers at 4.6 |
- Monobasic potassium phosphate / dibasic sodium phosphate: buffers at 6.8 | - Monobasic potassium phosphate / dibasic sodium phosphate: buffers at 6.8 | ||
| − | - [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=Ammonium | + | - [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=Ammonium%20chloride Ammonium chloride] / [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=ammonium%20hydroxide ammonium hydroxide]: buffers at 9.2 |
| − | - [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=Sodium | + | - [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=Sodium%20bicarbonate Sodium bicarbonate] / [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sodium%20carbonate sodium carbonate]: buffers at 10.0 |
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
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== Authority == | == Authority == | ||
| − | * | + | * Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 |
| − | * | + | * Richard C. Wolbers, Nanette T. Sterman, Chris Stavroudis, ''Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings'', J.Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 1990 |
| − | * | + | * Bernard Toale, ''The Art of Papermaking'', Davis Publications, Portland OR, 1983 |
* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | * ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | ||
| − | * | + | * Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997 |
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | * ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | ||
Revision as of 06:54, 24 July 2013
Description
A chemical or combination of chemicals that minimizes the change in pH of a solution when an acid or alkali is added. Buffers are usually a weak acid (or base) paired with its conjugate salt. Many natural substances, such as sea water, soil and blood contain buffers. Examples of buffer pairs are:
- Acetic acid / sodium acetate: buffers at 4.6
- Monobasic potassium phosphate / dibasic sodium phosphate: buffers at 6.8
- Ammonium chloride / ammonium hydroxide: buffers at 9.2
- Sodium bicarbonate / sodium carbonate: buffers at 10.0
Synonyms and Related Terms
"Puffer (Deut.); tampon (Fr.); pH buffer; buffers
Authority
- Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
- Richard C. Wolbers, Nanette T. Sterman, Chris Stavroudis, Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings, J.Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 1990
- Bernard Toale, The Art of Papermaking, Davis Publications, Portland OR, 1983
- Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
- Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
- Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000