Difference between revisions of "Chestnut"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
[[File:Flowering chestnut.jpg|thumb|Flowering Chestnut by John Edwards MFA# 69.143]] | [[File:Flowering chestnut.jpg|thumb|Flowering Chestnut by John Edwards MFA# 69.143]] | ||
| − | Deciduous trees of the genus ''Castanea'', native to temperate zones in the United States, Europe, northern Africa and parts of Asia. The American chestnut, ''Castanea dentata'', and the European chestnut, ''Castanea sativa'', produce a light reddish brown wood that is relatively weak with a coarse grain. The bark is light when the tree is young but turns dark and furrowed with age. Chestnut trees produce a soft light wood that splits easily but does not turn well. It is used for general construction, framing, fencing, poles and barrels. Chestnut wood was commonly used for painted panels, especially in Italy (Gettens and Stout 1966). Chestnut wood | + | Deciduous trees of the genus ''Castanea'', native to temperate zones in the United States, Europe, northern Africa and parts of Asia. The American chestnut, ''Castanea dentata'', and the European chestnut, ''Castanea sativa'', produce a light reddish brown wood that is relatively weak with a coarse grain. The bark is light when the tree is young but turns dark and furrowed with age. Chestnut trees produce a soft light wood that splits easily but does not turn well. It is used for general construction, framing, fencing, poles and barrels. Chestnut wood was commonly used for painted panels, especially in Italy (Gettens and Stout 1966). Chestnut wood, like oaks, contains many tannins. These vegetable tannin are of the pyrogallol class. and have a low pH, low salts content, that produces a firm leather with a pale, reddish color. The extract from the bark of the chestnut tree has also been used as a dye. Its dark color extracts were used in 19th century Italy and southern France to make an inexpensive fast black dye for silk. |
[[File:image8_chestnut.jpg|thumb|Chestnut]] | [[File:image8_chestnut.jpg|thumb|Chestnut]] | ||
Revision as of 15:47, 11 April 2020
Description
Deciduous trees of the genus Castanea, native to temperate zones in the United States, Europe, northern Africa and parts of Asia. The American chestnut, Castanea dentata, and the European chestnut, Castanea sativa, produce a light reddish brown wood that is relatively weak with a coarse grain. The bark is light when the tree is young but turns dark and furrowed with age. Chestnut trees produce a soft light wood that splits easily but does not turn well. It is used for general construction, framing, fencing, poles and barrels. Chestnut wood was commonly used for painted panels, especially in Italy (Gettens and Stout 1966). Chestnut wood, like oaks, contains many tannins. These vegetable tannin are of the pyrogallol class. and have a low pH, low salts content, that produces a firm leather with a pale, reddish color. The extract from the bark of the chestnut tree has also been used as a dye. Its dark color extracts were used in 19th century Italy and southern France to make an inexpensive fast black dye for silk.
Synonyms and Related Terms
American chestnut (Castanea dentata); European chestnut (Castanea sativa); Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissma); Kastanje (Dan., Ned.); Edelkastanie (Deut.); castaño (Esp.); châtaignier (Fr.); Kasztan (Pol.); castagno (It.)
Note: not the same as horse chestnuts, water chestnuts or chestnut oak.
Other Properties
Large tree growing over 30 m. Bark=smooth dark brown Leaves=simple ablong with veins and serrated edges. Flowers=tiny pale green in catkin (8-10 com long). Fruit=Large husk containing 2-3 shiny brown nuts.
Soft, lightweight wood with porous rings (specific gravity= 0.48). Wood is low in salts and high in acids.
| Density | 36-46 ppcf |
|---|
Hazards and Safety
Susceptible to worms. Highly acidic.
Additional Information
° R. J. Gettens and G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966.
° Schoch, W., Heller, I., Schweingruber, F.H., Kienast, F., 2004: Wood anatomy of central European Species: Sweet Chestnut, Castanea sativa Gaertn.
Additional Images
Chestnut (Castanea dentata)
American chestnut (Castanea dentata)
American chestnut (Castanea dentata)
American chestnut (Castanea dentata)
Sources Checked for Data in Record
- R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 185
- Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
- F. H. Titmuss, Commercial Timbers of the World, The Technical Press Ltd., London, 1965
- Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
- Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
- Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
- Website address 1 Comment: Virginia Tech Dendrology website at www.fw.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/main.htm (accessed Oct. 8, 2005)
- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chestnut (Accessed Oct. 8, 2005)
- Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
- Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998