Willow

Description

Any deciduous tree or shrub of the genus Salix. Willow wood is lightweight but hard with a straight grain and fine texture. The wood is tough and bends easily without splitting. In ancient Egypt, willow was used for handles, poles, bowls, boats, and domestic items. The thin, flexible new growth shoots (withies) were used for basketry. Willow has been used for Italian panel paintings and Gothic sculptures in southern Germany. Since willow wood has a low mineral content, it was favored for the production of Charcoal. Other uses have included small turned pieces, hoops, crates, excelsior, and agricultural implements.

See also Willow bark.

Willow (Salix nigra)

Synonyms and Related Terms

white willow (Salix alba); yellow willow (Salix vitellina); black willow (Salix nigra); vrba (Ces.); pile-slægten (Dan.); Weiden (Deut.); sauce (Esp.); saule (Fr.); salice (It.); wilg (Ned.); wierzba (Pol.); salgueiro (Port.); viden (Sven.); willower; willy; withies

• For willow fiber identification, see http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Category:FRIL:_Black_Willow
• For willow dyes, see [Uemera Dye Archive (Nekoyanagi)]

silk dyed with pussy willow flowers, Uemera Dye Archive

Physical and Chemical Properties

• Density = 24-38 ppcf

Resources and Citations

• Schoch, W., Heller, I., Schweingruber, F.H., Kienast, F., 2004:Wood anatomy of central European Species: Common Osier,Basket Willow, Salix viminalis L.

• Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "willow" [Accessed March 14, 2003].

• G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 872

• Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996

• Hardwood Manufacturers Institute, Memphis, Tenn.: air-dry weight = 26 pcf

• Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willow (Accessed Mar. 20, 2006) -for non-English terms

• Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986

• F. H. Titmuss, Commercial Timbers of the World, The Technical Press Ltd., London, 1965 Comment: 28-38 pcf

• Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982

• Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937

• R.Gale, P.Gasson, N.Hepper, G.Killen, "Wood" , Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p. 334-371., 2000

• CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=24-37 ppcf (0.40-0.60 g/cm3)