Difference between revisions of "Zinc yellow"
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| − | [[File:13_Zinc_yellow_deep_500X.jpg|thumb|Zinc yellow]] | + | [[File:13_Zinc_yellow_deep_500X.jpg|thumb|Zinc yellow at 500x]] |
== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | + | [[File:13_Zinc_yellow_deep_500X_pol.jpg|thumb|Zinc yellow at 500x polarized light]] | |
A bright greenish yellow pigment derived by reacting [[zinc%20oxide|zinc oxide]] with [[potassium%20dichromate|potassium dichromate]] solutions. The color shades of zinc yellow are variable depending on the proportions of each component. Vauquelin discovered the zinc yellow in 1809, but it was not developed as an artist colorant until 1847 by Murdock. Zinc yellow is toxic, stable to light, and unaffected by [[hydrogen%20sulfide|hydrogen sulfide]]. However, it has less covering power than chrome yellow. The pure material has been used in oil and watercolors in recent years, but most zinc yellow is used in mixtures: a mixture with Prussian blue is sold as zinc chrome green and a mixture with [[strontium%20yellow|strontium yellow]] and [[barium%20yellow|barium yellow]] is sold under the name [[lemon%20yellow|lemon yellow]] or [[citron%20yellow|citron yellow]]. Zinc yellow is also used as a rust inhibitor and as a plastic colorant. | A bright greenish yellow pigment derived by reacting [[zinc%20oxide|zinc oxide]] with [[potassium%20dichromate|potassium dichromate]] solutions. The color shades of zinc yellow are variable depending on the proportions of each component. Vauquelin discovered the zinc yellow in 1809, but it was not developed as an artist colorant until 1847 by Murdock. Zinc yellow is toxic, stable to light, and unaffected by [[hydrogen%20sulfide|hydrogen sulfide]]. However, it has less covering power than chrome yellow. The pure material has been used in oil and watercolors in recent years, but most zinc yellow is used in mixtures: a mixture with Prussian blue is sold as zinc chrome green and a mixture with [[strontium%20yellow|strontium yellow]] and [[barium%20yellow|barium yellow]] is sold under the name [[lemon%20yellow|lemon yellow]] or [[citron%20yellow|citron yellow]]. Zinc yellow is also used as a rust inhibitor and as a plastic colorant. | ||
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== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
zinc chromate (VI) hydroxide; Pigment Yellow 36; CI 77955; Zinkgelb (Deut.); Zinkchromat (Deut.); jaune de zinc (Fr.); chromate de zinc (Fr.); chromate de jaune (Fr.); kitrino toy tsigkoy (Gr.); giallo di zinco (It.); giallo d'oro (It.); amarillo de cinc (Esp.); zinkchromaat (Ned.); amarelo de zinco (Port.); cromato de cinc (Esp.), cromato de zinco (Port.); zinc chromate yellow; zinc potassium chromate; buttercup yellow; primrose yellow; citron yellow; zinc chrome; permanent yellow; ultramarine yellow; yellow button of gold; lemon yellow | zinc chromate (VI) hydroxide; Pigment Yellow 36; CI 77955; Zinkgelb (Deut.); Zinkchromat (Deut.); jaune de zinc (Fr.); chromate de zinc (Fr.); chromate de jaune (Fr.); kitrino toy tsigkoy (Gr.); giallo di zinco (It.); giallo d'oro (It.); amarillo de cinc (Esp.); zinkchromaat (Ned.); amarelo de zinco (Port.); cromato de cinc (Esp.), cromato de zinco (Port.); zinc chromate yellow; zinc potassium chromate; buttercup yellow; primrose yellow; citron yellow; zinc chrome; permanent yellow; ultramarine yellow; yellow button of gold; lemon yellow | ||
| − | [[[SliderGallery rightalign|Zinc yellow, Forbes 59.TIF~FTIR (MFA) | + | [[[SliderGallery rightalign|Zinc yellow, Forbes 59.TIF~FTIR (MFA)|ZincyellUCL.jpg~Raman (UCL)|f327sem.jpg~SEM|f327edsbw.jpg~EDS]]] |
| − | == | + | == Risks == |
| − | + | * Human carcinogen. | |
| + | * Skin contact may cause allergies. | ||
| + | * Acute ingestion may cause fatal chromium poisoning. | ||
| + | * Chronic inhalation may cause lung cancer and respiratory irritation. | ||
| + | * May effloresce in humid conditions. | ||
| + | * May turn green with age. | ||
| + | * Sissons Paints: [http://www.sissonspaints.com/content/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/MSDS-Q.D.-YELLOW-ZINC-CHROMATE-PRIMER.pdf MSDS] | ||
| − | + | == Physical and Chemical Properties == | |
| − | Appears microscopically as tiny round particles with a strong birefringence | + | * Soluble in dilute acids including acetic acid. |
| + | * Insoluble in water (for modern synthetic zinc yellow); Some zinc yellows made in the 19th c. were slightly water soluble and were noted to effloresce in humid conditions (Doerner 1934). | ||
| + | * Appears microscopically as tiny round particles with a strong birefringence | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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! scope="row"| Density | ! scope="row"| Density | ||
| − | | 3.4- 3.46 | + | | 3.4- 3.46 g/ml |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Refractive Index | ! scope="row"| Refractive Index | ||
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|} | |} | ||
| − | == | + | == Resources and Citations == |
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| − | + | * H. Kuhn, M.Curran, "Chrome Yellow and Other Chromate Pigments", ''Artists Pigments'', Volume 1, R. Feller (ed.), Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1986. | |
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* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966 Comment: (density 3.46 and ref. index 1.84-1.9 | * R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966 Comment: (density 3.46 and ref. index 1.84-1.9 | ||
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* M. Doerner, ''The Materials of the Artist'', Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934 | * M. Doerner, ''The Materials of the Artist'', Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934 | ||
Latest revision as of 11:10, 6 June 2022
Description
A bright greenish yellow pigment derived by reacting Zinc oxide with Potassium dichromate solutions. The color shades of zinc yellow are variable depending on the proportions of each component. Vauquelin discovered the zinc yellow in 1809, but it was not developed as an artist colorant until 1847 by Murdock. Zinc yellow is toxic, stable to light, and unaffected by Hydrogen sulfide. However, it has less covering power than chrome yellow. The pure material has been used in oil and watercolors in recent years, but most zinc yellow is used in mixtures: a mixture with Prussian blue is sold as zinc chrome green and a mixture with Strontium yellow and Barium yellow is sold under the name Lemon yellow or Citron yellow. Zinc yellow is also used as a rust inhibitor and as a plastic colorant.
Synonyms and Related Terms
zinc chromate (VI) hydroxide; Pigment Yellow 36; CI 77955; Zinkgelb (Deut.); Zinkchromat (Deut.); jaune de zinc (Fr.); chromate de zinc (Fr.); chromate de jaune (Fr.); kitrino toy tsigkoy (Gr.); giallo di zinco (It.); giallo d'oro (It.); amarillo de cinc (Esp.); zinkchromaat (Ned.); amarelo de zinco (Port.); cromato de cinc (Esp.), cromato de zinco (Port.); zinc chromate yellow; zinc potassium chromate; buttercup yellow; primrose yellow; citron yellow; zinc chrome; permanent yellow; ultramarine yellow; yellow button of gold; lemon yellow
Risks
- Human carcinogen.
- Skin contact may cause allergies.
- Acute ingestion may cause fatal chromium poisoning.
- Chronic inhalation may cause lung cancer and respiratory irritation.
- May effloresce in humid conditions.
- May turn green with age.
- Sissons Paints: MSDS
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Soluble in dilute acids including acetic acid.
- Insoluble in water (for modern synthetic zinc yellow); Some zinc yellows made in the 19th c. were slightly water soluble and were noted to effloresce in humid conditions (Doerner 1934).
- Appears microscopically as tiny round particles with a strong birefringence
| Composition | 4ZnO.4CrO3.K2O.3H2O |
|---|---|
| CAS | 37300-23-5 |
| Density | 3.4- 3.46 g/ml |
| Refractive Index | 1.84 - 1.9 |
Resources and Citations
- H. Kuhn, M.Curran, "Chrome Yellow and Other Chromate Pigments", Artists Pigments, Volume 1, R. Feller (ed.), Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1986.
- R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966 Comment: (density 3.46 and ref. index 1.84-1.9
- M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 888
- Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
- Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
- Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
- The Merck Index, Susan Budavari (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Whitehouse Station, NJ, 12th Edition, 1996 Comment: entry 9933
- Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org
- Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000