Difference between revisions of "Sulfuric acid"

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== Description ==
 
== Description ==
  
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An oily, fuming, corrosive liquid. Sulfuric acid was the highest volume chemical produced in the USA in 1991. Valentine, a 15th century German alchemist , is credited with its discovery (Schur 1985). Called oil of vitriol, it was prepared by the distillation green vitriol ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=ferrous%20sulfate ferrous sulfate]) and blue vitriol ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=copper%20sulfate copper sulfate]). Sulfuric acid is very reactive, dissolving most metals and sulfonating most organic compounds. It is used in etching and cleaning solutions for printing and photography. Sulfuric acid is also used in leather manufacture for bleaching, deliming, and pickling. Oleum or Nordhausen acid are common names used for fuming sulfuric acid (93-96%). Brown oil of vitriol (B.O.V.) is an old name for concentrated sulfuric acid (about 70%).
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An oily, fuming, corrosive liquid. Sulfuric acid was the highest volume chemical produced in the USA in 1991. Valentine, a 15th century German alchemist , is credited with its discovery (Schur 1985). Called oil of vitriol, it was prepared by the distillation green vitriol ([[ferrous%20sulfate|ferrous sulfate]]) and blue vitriol ([[copper%20sulfate|copper sulfate]]). Sulfuric acid is very reactive, dissolving most metals and sulfonating most organic compounds. It is used in etching and cleaning solutions for printing and photography. Sulfuric acid is also used in leather manufacture for bleaching, deliming, and pickling. Oleum or Nordhausen acid are common names used for fuming sulfuric acid (93-96%). Brown oil of vitriol (B.O.V.) is an old name for concentrated sulfuric acid (about 70%).
  
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
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[[[SliderGallery rightalign|sulfuric acid.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
 
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|sulfuric acid.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
  
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== Other Properties ==
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== Risks ==
  
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Miscible with water (add acid slowly to water).  
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* Reacts exothermically with water (can be explosive).
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* Highly corrosive. 
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* Contact will destroy tissue.
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* Highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation due to destruction of tissue. 
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* ThermoFisher: [https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=AC424525000&productDescription=SULFURIC+ACID+ACS+500ML&vendorId=VN00033901&countryCode=US&language=en SDS]
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== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
  
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pH of concentrated solution=0.3; pH of 0.1N solution=1.2, pH of 0.01N solution=2.1
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* Miscible with water (add acid slowly to water).
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* pH of concentrated solution=0.3; pH of 0.1N solution=1.2, pH of 0.01N solution=2.1
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
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|-
 
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! scope="row"| Melting Point
 
! scope="row"| Melting Point
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| 10.4
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| 10.4 C
 
|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Density
 
! scope="row"| Density
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| 1.84 (pure)
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| 1.84 g/ml (pure)  
 
|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
 
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
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|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Boiling Point
 
! scope="row"| Boiling Point
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| 315-338
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| 315-338 C
 
|}
 
|}
  
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== Hazards and Safety ==
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== Resources and Citations ==
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Reacts exothermically with water (can be explosive). Highly corrosive.  Contact will destroy tissue. Highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation due to destruction of tissue. 
 
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LINK: [http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0362.html International Chemical Safety Card]
 
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== Additional Information ==
 
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Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
 
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== Authority ==
 
  
 
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 785
 
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 785
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* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
 
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
  
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* Website address 1  Comment: www.jetcity.com/~mrjones/chemdesc.htm - photographic chemicals
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* Photographic chemicals: www.jetcity.com/~mrjones/chemdesc.htm
  
 
* ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980  Comment: ref. index =1.427; pH of concentrated solution=0.3; pH of 0.1N solution=1.2, pH of 0.01N solution=2.1
 
* ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980  Comment: ref. index =1.427; pH of concentrated solution=0.3; pH of 0.1N solution=1.2, pH of 0.01N solution=2.1

Latest revision as of 09:20, 7 June 2022

Description

An oily, fuming, corrosive liquid. Sulfuric acid was the highest volume chemical produced in the USA in 1991. Valentine, a 15th century German alchemist , is credited with its discovery (Schur 1985). Called oil of vitriol, it was prepared by the distillation green vitriol (Ferrous sulfate) and blue vitriol (Copper sulfate). Sulfuric acid is very reactive, dissolving most metals and sulfonating most organic compounds. It is used in etching and cleaning solutions for printing and photography. Sulfuric acid is also used in leather manufacture for bleaching, deliming, and pickling. Oleum or Nordhausen acid are common names used for fuming sulfuric acid (93-96%). Brown oil of vitriol (B.O.V.) is an old name for concentrated sulfuric acid (about 70%).

Synonyms and Related Terms

hydrogen sulfate; battery acid; electrolyte acid; sulphuric acid (Br.), oil of vitriol; BOV; brown oil of vitriol; oleum; Nordhausen acid

Chemical structure

Sulfuric acid.jpg


Risks

  • Reacts exothermically with water (can be explosive).
  • Highly corrosive.
  • Contact will destroy tissue.
  • Highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation due to destruction of tissue.
  • ThermoFisher: SDS

Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Miscible with water (add acid slowly to water).
  • pH of concentrated solution=0.3; pH of 0.1N solution=1.2, pH of 0.01N solution=2.1
Composition H2SO4
CAS 7664-93-9
Melting Point 10.4 C
Density 1.84 g/ml (pure)
Molecular Weight mol. wt. = 98.1
Refractive Index 1.427
Boiling Point 315-338 C

Resources and Citations

  • G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 785
  • Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  • S.R.Trotman, E.R. Trotman, Textile Analysis, J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1932
  • Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
  • Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
  • Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
  • Photographic chemicals: www.jetcity.com/~mrjones/chemdesc.htm
  • CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: ref. index =1.427; pH of concentrated solution=0.3; pH of 0.1N solution=1.2, pH of 0.01N solution=2.1

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