Difference between revisions of "Coffee"
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[[File:Coffeetreeswk1.jpg|thumb|Coffee trees]] | [[File:Coffeetreeswk1.jpg|thumb|Coffee trees]] | ||
== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | + | [[File:coffeapd1.jpg|thumb|Coffea arabica]] | |
A brown, aromatic liquid prepared from the aqueous extract of coffee beans (''Coffea arabica''). Coffee beans were first cultivated in southern Arabia in the 15th century. They spread to Indonesia in the 17th century. By the 18th century, coffee plants were also being grown in Central and South America. Coffee is used as a beverage and as a brown dye. On wool, it produces a dark yellow-tan color with a chrome mordant and a tan with an aluminum mordant. Both colors have fair light fastness. Coffee colors on cotton are not fast. Some restorers have used coffee to tint bleached papers or repair regions to a shade that corresponds to surrounding areas (Roberts and Etherington 1982). | A brown, aromatic liquid prepared from the aqueous extract of coffee beans (''Coffea arabica''). Coffee beans were first cultivated in southern Arabia in the 15th century. They spread to Indonesia in the 17th century. By the 18th century, coffee plants were also being grown in Central and South America. Coffee is used as a beverage and as a brown dye. On wool, it produces a dark yellow-tan color with a chrome mordant and a tan with an aluminum mordant. Both colors have fair light fastness. Coffee colors on cotton are not fast. Some restorers have used coffee to tint bleached papers or repair regions to a shade that corresponds to surrounding areas (Roberts and Etherington 1982). | ||
| − | [[ | + | * See also [[https://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Category:Uemura_dye_archive '''Uemera Dye Archive''' (Coffee)]] |
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
''Coffea arabica''; caffè (It.); café (Fr., Port.); coffee beans | ''Coffea arabica''; caffè (It.); café (Fr., Port.); coffee beans | ||
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== Additional Images == | == Additional Images == | ||
| − | + | [[[SliderGallery rightalign|Coffee (Black, Green Mountain French Roast ).TIF~FTIR (MFA)]]] | |
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
File:24_finegroundCoffee_200X.jpg|Coffee | File:24_finegroundCoffee_200X.jpg|Coffee | ||
File:24_finegroundCoffee_200X_pol.jpg|Coffee | File:24_finegroundCoffee_200X_pol.jpg|Coffee | ||
File:Arabian.Coffee.tree_HI.BG.jpg|Arabian coffee tree ''Coffea arabica cultivars'' | File:Arabian.Coffee.tree_HI.BG.jpg|Arabian coffee tree ''Coffea arabica cultivars'' | ||
| + | File:Uemura 06-18-2009 158.jpg|Wool dyed with coffee<br>Uemera Dye Archive | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
| − | + | ==Resources and Citations== | |
| − | == | + | * M.Roberts, D.Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1982. |
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 211 | * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 211 | ||
| − | + | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "coffee" [Accessed September 22, 2003]. | |
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| − | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "coffee" | ||
* Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997 | * Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997 | ||
Latest revision as of 14:35, 1 July 2022
Description
A brown, aromatic liquid prepared from the aqueous extract of coffee beans (Coffea arabica). Coffee beans were first cultivated in southern Arabia in the 15th century. They spread to Indonesia in the 17th century. By the 18th century, coffee plants were also being grown in Central and South America. Coffee is used as a beverage and as a brown dye. On wool, it produces a dark yellow-tan color with a chrome mordant and a tan with an aluminum mordant. Both colors have fair light fastness. Coffee colors on cotton are not fast. Some restorers have used coffee to tint bleached papers or repair regions to a shade that corresponds to surrounding areas (Roberts and Etherington 1982).
- See also [Uemera Dye Archive (Coffee)]
Synonyms and Related Terms
Coffea arabica; caffè (It.); café (Fr., Port.); coffee beans
Additional Images
Coffee
Coffee
Arabian coffee tree Coffea arabica cultivars
Wool dyed with coffee
Uemera Dye Archive
Resources and Citations
- M.Roberts, D.Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1982.
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 211
- Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "coffee" [Accessed September 22, 2003].
- Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998