Difference between revisions of "Cassiterite"

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[[File:Cassiteriteemr1.jpg|thumb|Cassiterite (tin doxide)]]
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[[File:Cassiteriteemr1.jpg|thumb|Cassiterite (tin dioxide)]]
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
  
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A hard, dense, brown to black mineral composed of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=tin oxide tin oxide]. Cassiterite is the principal ore of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=tin tin]. Starting in the 15th century, cassiterite was mined in Saxony and Bohemia. Currently it is mined in southeast Asia (Myanmar, Thailand, Mayasia, Indonesia), Bolivia (Llallagua), Nigeria, Russia, England (Cornwall), and the U.S. (Virginia, Wahington, California). Cassiterite has a dull metallic luster and can be transparent to opaque. It has occasionally been used as a gemstone.
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A hard, dense, brown to black mineral composed of [[stannic oxide|Tin dioxide]]. Cassiterite is the principal ore of [[tin]]. Starting in the 15th century, cassiterite was mined in Saxony and Bohemia. Currently it is mined in southeast Asia (Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia), Bolivia (Llallagua), Nigeria, Russia, England (Cornwall), and the U.S. (Virginia, Washington, California). Cassiterite has a dull metallic luster and can be transparent to opaque. It has occasionally been used as a gemstone.
  
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
  
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tinstone; tin stone; wood tin; stream tin; Zinnstein (Deut.); Kassiterit (Deut.); cassitrite (Fr.); casiterita (Esp.); cassiterite (Port.); cassiteriet (Ned.)
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tinstone; tin stone; wood tin; stream tin; Zinnstein (Deut.); Kassiterit (Deut.); cassitérite (Fr.); casiterita (Esp.); cassiterite (Port.); cassiteriet (Ned.)
  
 
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|cassiteriteRS.jpg~Raman]]]
 
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|cassiteriteRS.jpg~Raman]]]
  
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== Other Properties ==
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==Physical and Chemical Properties==
  
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Tetragonal crystal system with prisms, pyramids or fibers.  Good cleavage in two directions.   
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* Tetragonal crystal system with prisms, pyramids or fibers.   
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* Good cleavage in two directions.   
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Fracture = uneven.  Luster = adamantine to dull.  Streak = white, gray or brown.
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* Fracture = uneven.   
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* Luster = adamantine to dull.   
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Insoluble in acids.   
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* Streak = white, gray or brown.
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* Insoluble in acids.   
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Pleochroism.  High birefrigence under crossed polars.  Straight extinction.
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* Pleochroism.  High birefringence under crossed polars.  Straight extinction.
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* Fluorescence: Weak yellow in SW; white in LW
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
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|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Density
 
! scope="row"| Density
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| 6.8-7.1
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| 6.8-7.1 g/ml
 
|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Refractive Index
 
! scope="row"| Refractive Index
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|}
 
|}
  
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== Additional Information ==
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==Resources and Citations==
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* Database of Luminescent Minerals: [http://www.fluomin.org/uk/fiche.php?id=277 Cassiterite]
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Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Cassiterite.shtml Cassiterite]
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* Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Cassiterite.shtml Cassiterite]
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* Nicholas Eastaugh, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, Ruth Siddall, ''Pigment Compendium'', Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2004
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== Authority ==
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* Henry Hodges, ''Artifacts: An Introduction to Early Materials and Technology'', Ronald P. Frye, Kingston, Canada, 1988
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* Robert Fournier, ''Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery'', Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
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* Nicholas Eastaugh, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, Ruth Siddall, Nicholas Eastaugh, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, Ruth Siddall, ''Pigment Compendium'', Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2004
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* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: "cassiterite" [Accessed December 11, 2001].
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* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
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* Henry Hodges, Henry Hodges, ''Artifacts: An Introduction to Early Materials and Technology'', Ronald P. Frye, Kingston, Canada, 1988
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* Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiterite Cassiterite] (accessed Sept 2 2005 and May 2023)
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* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
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* Robert Fournier, Robert Fournier, ''Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery'', Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
 
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* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: "cassiterite" Encyclopdia Britannica [Accessed December 11, 2001].
 
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* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
 
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* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com  Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiterite (accessed Sept 2 2005)
 
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* Richard S. Lewis, Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
 
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* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
 
* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
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* Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
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* Random House, Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
 
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* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
 
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
  

Latest revision as of 12:47, 18 May 2023

Cassiterite (tin dioxide)

Description

A hard, dense, brown to black mineral composed of Tin dioxide. Cassiterite is the principal ore of Tin. Starting in the 15th century, cassiterite was mined in Saxony and Bohemia. Currently it is mined in southeast Asia (Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia), Bolivia (Llallagua), Nigeria, Russia, England (Cornwall), and the U.S. (Virginia, Washington, California). Cassiterite has a dull metallic luster and can be transparent to opaque. It has occasionally been used as a gemstone.

Synonyms and Related Terms

tinstone; tin stone; wood tin; stream tin; Zinnstein (Deut.); Kassiterit (Deut.); cassitérite (Fr.); casiterita (Esp.); cassiterite (Port.); cassiteriet (Ned.)

Raman

CassiteriteRS.jpg


Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Tetragonal crystal system with prisms, pyramids or fibers.
  • Good cleavage in two directions.
  • Fracture = uneven.
  • Luster = adamantine to dull.
  • Streak = white, gray or brown.
  • Insoluble in acids.
  • Pleochroism. High birefringence under crossed polars. Straight extinction.
  • Fluorescence: Weak yellow in SW; white in LW
Composition SnO2
Mohs Hardness 6.0 - 7.0
Density 6.8-7.1 g/ml
Refractive Index about 2.0

Resources and Citations

  • Database of Luminescent Minerals: Cassiterite
  • Mineralogy Database: Cassiterite
  • Nicholas Eastaugh, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, Ruth Siddall, Pigment Compendium, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2004
  • Henry Hodges, Artifacts: An Introduction to Early Materials and Technology, Ronald P. Frye, Kingston, Canada, 1988
  • Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
  • Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "cassiterite" [Accessed December 11, 2001].
  • C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
  • Wikipedia: Cassiterite (accessed Sept 2 2005 and May 2023)
  • Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  • Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
  • Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
  • The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998

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