Difference between revisions of "Zein fiber"

Latest revision as of 09:46, 6 June 2022

vicara fibers at 200x

Description

Regenerated protein fibers made from corn and maize. Zein fibers were commercially sold as Vicara from 1948 to 1957. They were made with the crushed meal of corn and maize after the oil was extracted. The meal is dissolved in an alkali bath then forced through spinnerets to form fine fibrils that were hardened with Formaldehyde. Fabric made from zein fiber is soft, tough and strong and has the warmth of wool. It is resistant to mildew, insects, sunlight, and temperatures to 140 C. Vicara was usually blended with Cotton, Wool, or rayon. It was used in suits, sweaters, blankets and pile fabrics.

Synonyms and Related Terms

zein fibre; Vicara [Virginian-Carolina Chemical]

FTIR

SEM

Risks

Does not burn easily.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Soluble in hot alkaline solutions
Insoluble in water, dilute acids and most organic solvents
Fibers are smooth with a circular cross section
Tenacity = 1.2 g/denier (dry); 0.65 (wet)
Elongation 25-35%; (wet); 30-45% (dry)
Moisture regain = 10%
Melting Point = 185 (dec)
Density = 1.25

Resources and Citations

Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990

Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985

Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996

J.Gordon Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:II Man-made Fibres, Merrow Publishing Co., Durham, England, 1984. p.141.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[File:Vicara 200X BF.POL.jpg|thumb|vicara fibers]]
+[[File:Vicara 200X BF.POL.jpg|thumb|vicara fibers at 200x]]
 == Description ==
-Regenerated [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=protein fiber protein fibers] made from corn and maize. Zein fibers were commercially sold as Vicara from 1948 to 1957. They were made with the crushed meal of corn and maize after the oil was extracted. The meal is dissolved in an alkali bath then forced through spinnerets to form fine fibrils that were hardened with [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=formaldehyde formaldehyde]. Fabric made from zein fiber is soft, tough and strong and has the warmth of wool. It is resistant to mildew, insects, sunlight, and temperatures to 140 C. Vicara was usually blended with [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=cotton cotton], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=wool wool], or [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=rayon fiber rayon]. It was used in suits, sweaters, blankets and pile fabrics.
+Regenerated [[protein%20fiber|protein fibers]] made from corn and maize. Zein fibers were commercially sold as Vicara from 1948 to 1957. They were made with the crushed meal of corn and maize after the oil was extracted. The meal is dissolved in an alkali bath then forced through spinnerets to form fine fibrils that were hardened with [[formaldehyde|formaldehyde]]. Fabric made from zein fiber is soft, tough and strong and has the warmth of wool. It is resistant to mildew, insects, sunlight, and temperatures to 140 C. Vicara was usually blended with [[cotton|cotton]], [[wool|wool]], or [[rayon%20fiber|rayon]]. It was used in suits, sweaters, blankets and pile fabrics.
-[[File:Vicarafiberkj1.jpg|thumb|Infrared spectrum of Vicara fiber]]
 == Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 zein fibre; Vicara [Virginian-Carolina Chemical]
-[[[SliderGallery rightalign|vicara1000m.jpg~SEM|vicara500m.jpg~SEM]]]
+[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Vicarafiberkj1.jpg~FTIR|vicara1000m.jpg~SEM|vicara500m.jpg~SEM]]]
-== Other Properties ==
+== Risks ==
-Soluble in hot alkaline solutions.  Insoluble in water, dilute acids and most organic solvents.  Fibers are smooth with a circular cross section.  Tenacity = 1.2 g/denier (dry); 0.65 (wet);  Elongation 25-35%; (wet); 30-45% (dry);  Moisture regain = 10%
+* Does not burn easily.
-{| class="wikitable"
+== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
-|-
-! scope="row"| Melting Point
-| 185 (dec)
-|-
-! scope="row"| Density
-| 1.25
-|}
-== Hazards and Safety ==
+* Soluble in hot alkaline solutions
+* Insoluble in water, dilute acids and most organic solvents
+* Fibers are smooth with a circular cross section
+* Tenacity = 1.2 g/denier (dry); 0.65 (wet)
+* Elongation 25-35%; (wet); 30-45% (dry)
+* Moisture regain = 10%
+* Melting Point = 185 (dec)
+* Density = 1.25
-Does not burn easily.
+==Resources and Citations==
-== Additional Information ==
+* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, ''Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology'' (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
-G.Cook, ''Handbook of Textile Fibres:II. Man-made Fibres'', 5th edition, Merrow Publishing Co., Durham, England, 1984. p.141.
+* Rosalie Rosso King, ''Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation'', Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
-== Authority ==
-* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Hoechst Celanese Corporation, ''Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology'' (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
-* Rosalie Rosso King, Rosalie Rosso King, ''Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation'', Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
 * ''Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles'', Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
-* J.Gordon Cook, J.Gordon Cook, ''Handbook of Textile Fibres:II Man-made Fibres'', Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England
+* J.Gordon Cook, ''Handbook of Textile Fibres:II Man-made Fibres'', Merrow Publishing Co., Durham, England, 1984. p.141.
 [[Category:Materials database]]